I Read 1 Percy Jackson Book - Greese Flashcards
(662 cards)
1
Q
Who’s my favourite Percy Jackson character?
A
I forget but riptide was pretty cool
2
Q
What’s the problem with trusting me to make these flashcards?
A
I missed like a quarter of this unit 😭
3
Q
What’s the coolest course next year?
A
Classical Civilizations
4
Q
Why is classical civilizations cool?
A
It’s just grade 11 history again so I’ll get a 100% gg ez
5
Q
Where did Philip II’s quest for power begin?
A
Macedonia
6
Q
What is Philip II known for developing?
A
A new type of army
7
Q
What 4 things did Philip Ii add to the phalanx?
A
- Archers
- Cavalry
- Javelins
- Slings
8
Q
In what 3 ways did Philip II increase the deadliness of the phalanx?
A
- Decreased the size of the shields
- Increased the length of the spears
- Made them a standing army
9
Q
How long did Philip II make the spears in his army?
A
8 feet to 14 feet
10
Q
What is a Sarissa?
A
A long spear (used in Philip II’s army)
11
Q
Who won in the Battle of Chaeronea?
A
The Macedonians win
12
Q
Where did Peter Pan get his name?
A
From the Greek god Pan
13
Q
What was the significance of the Battle of Chaeronea?
A
There was now only a single ruler of Grease, the Macedonians
14
Q
What was Alexander (the Great)‘s part in the Battle of Chaeronea?
A
A general
15
Q
How did Philip II die?
A
Assassination
16
Q
Who were at the heart of Alexander’s army?
A
The Companions
17
Q
How did Alexander the Great differ from other military commanders?
A
He, himself, fought in the front lines
18
Q
What was the hallmark of the way Alexander fought?
A
Total annalialation (I can’t spell thay)
19
Q
Where was the core of Alexander’s army from?
A
Macedonia
20
Q
What became a problem as Alexander and his army expanded farther and farther away?
A
Logistics; feeding the army so far from home
21
Q
In what way was Alexander a genius?
A
He was a genius of logistics
22
Q
What are push logistics?
A
Things up that have a predetermined number of uses. Ex. Ammo
23
Q
What are pull logistics?
A
Things in the field that can change Ex. Weather, an unknown unplanned for army, etc
24
Q
How old was Alexander when he died?
A
33
25
Which Greek historian wrote about the plague?
Thucydides
26
**How** accurate is Thucydides Description of the Plague?
Very accurate
27
**What** gave credibility to Thucydides account of the Plague?
**He lived through it** and saw it with his own eyes and even experienced it.
28
What type is Falinks?
**Fighting type** (weak to flying, physic and fairy)
29
Who is the leader of Team Plasma in Pokémon X and Y?
Lysander
30
How does Lysander die in the anime?
Gets absolutely destroyed by Zyguarde and blown up
31
Why did the Plague spread so quickly **in Athens**?
The people in the country side and elsewhere had taken refuge in Athens because of it’s city walls. However, now **everyone was crammed together inside the city walls and allowed for the easy spread of the plague.**
32
What war was occurring during the spread of the Plague?
The Peloponnesian War
33
Where did the Plague first arrive in Greece?
Piraeus
34
Why does it make sense that the first cases first appeared at Piraeus?
**It was a port city,** this is where the foreign goods with the plague would have first come to in Greece. And then sold to the neighbouring cities
35
What was the main cause of death from the plague?
Internal fever
36
Why couldn’t the people be treated for the plague?
The doctors did not know how to treat it, and those that tried also caught to disease
37
What impact did the Plague have on Athenian society?
**It cause them to wholly self-indulge.** If you going to inevitably die, the gods don’t do anything, everyone’s just dying, what’s the law to you? Or morals to you? Or the right thing to you? Everyone did what would bring them quick pleasure cause the long term didn’t matter anymore they believed they were going to die (things would have been very different if they *actually* believed there was more after death, but if death is the inevitable end of all ends, pleasure became all that mattered) . . .heyyy. . . Isn’t that just irl but a bit longer. . ?
38
Who, in the Bible, also self-indulged?
**Solomon**, who was so rich that he was able to deny himself nothing, and no one could say anything to him
39
After his self indulgence, and living for pleasure, what was Solomons’ conclusion?
**Everything was meaningless**, the pleasures were good in the moment and at the time, but at the end of his life he found it all worthless and a waste. However, if death was the end of all ends, there would be *nothing better* to live for so you might as well, and wouldn’t that be greatly dreadful? However, because Solomon knew there’s more after death, **his answer is to fear God and follow Him,** because that is truly the only thing that will bring meaning to everything you do. Rather than just putting up with the hardship of living and easing it with pleasure, waiting for the inevitable end, you continue doing the right good thing whether it will be pleasurable to you or not, since there’s more after death your not just here for you own pleasure anymore. It rests on whether death is the end of all ends or not or is there more after.
40
What is the fancy word for living for pleasure?
Hedonism
41
(For David) something soemthing Mondays Chris Gym class idk idk
Happy David? Now finish the flashcards
42
Is Rishi emo?
Yes
43
What’s rishi favourite Percy Jackson character?
Neko
44
What does Rishi’s favourite Percy Jackson character being Neko affirm?
Rishi is emo confirmed.
45
What 4 effects did the Plague on the Peloponnesian War?
- Significantly reduced the man power
- General Pericles died
- Morale fell
- Nobody wanted to trade
46
What did the Athenians do when they realized their own gods and idols were worthless in their time of need?
**They made an alter to an “unknown god,”**
47
Who does Paul say is the ‘Unknown god’ the athenians worshipped?
Jesus!
48
What were the symptoms of the plague?
Bad breath, sneezing, vomiting, red skin, feeling of burning, great thirst, fever, blindness, total memory loss and many more
49
What was odd about the corpses of those who died from the Plague of Athens?
Animals refused to eat their bodies, but died when they did
50
What did Sir Francis Bacon bring to the world?
**The scientific method** (I like this guy)
51
What is *Deductive Reasoning*?
**Using *facts* to acquire conclusions.** If the premises are true, the conclusion *is* true. Ex. All dogs have ears. Lemon is a dog. Lemon has ears.
52
What do you need to use *Deductive Reasoning*?
Facts that are definitely true
53
What is good about *Deductive Reasoning?*
**It will tell you what is 100% certainly true and factual as long as you have the right premises.** Use what you know to get what you don't know.
54
What is bad about *Deductive Reasoning?*
**There actually aren't that many facts you can know for 100% certainty, especially when you think about it.** SO there isn't much you can get out of it. This kind of reasoning is usually only used in logic problems. Ex. We don't even know if the son will rise tomorrow for 100% certainty, that's inductive reasoning that it always has risen so far, that it will most probably rise again tomorrow
55
What do you need to use *Inductive Reasoning*?
Evidence
56
What is *Inductive Reasoning*?
**Using *evidence* to acquire *probable* conclusions.** If the premises are true, the conclusion is *likely* true. Ex. Every Fire-type Pokémon I've encountered is weak to Water-type moves. Based on this pattern, all Fire-type Pokémon *are probably* weak to Water-type attacks. Ex 2. Every dog I've met is friendly. Therefore, all dogs are *probably* friendly. Ex. 3) The weather channel says it will rain. The weather channel has always been right so far. It will probably rain.
57
What is good about *Inductive Reasoning?*
**It can tell you what deductive reasoning can never can. It has a much greater potential than deductive reasoning.** Use what you know to *guess* what you can't know otherwise
58
What is bad about inductive reasoning?
It has a high reward, yet a high risk. **You can *never* know what you know is true or not.** And it usually leads to false conclusions (Karl Popper - falsifiability)
59
What did Sir Francis Bacon popularize?
Inductive reasoning
60
Do we use deductive or inductive reasoning in our daily lives?
haha get tricked it's **both** teehee
61
ok why is philosophy so cool
it just is
62
Hey, wouldn't it be fun if i jsut added a bunch of random philosophical things to this and you wouldn't know if their in the course or not :D
yup i think it would be very fun
63
What is the idea of *Occam's Razor*?
A philosophical principle that suggests **"the simplest explanation is usually the correct one."**
64
What is the idea of *Hanlon's Razor*?
A philosophical concept that says to **"never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by incompetence."** Some people are just silly, not always mean. Ex. if Lemon poops on my neighbors lawn. Don't assume it's because I'm out to get my neighbor, but assume I'm just a bad dog owner :D
65
What is the idea of *Hitchens' Razor*?
A philosophical principle that suggests that **"What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence"***
66
What idea did Sir Francis Bacon create?
The 4 Idols of the Mind
67
What are the 4 Idols of the Mind?
1. Idols of the Tribe
2. Idols of the Cave
3. Idol of the Marketplace
4. Idol of the Theatre
68
What is the *Idol of the Tribe*?
When your beliefs are corrupted by what *you* would *want* to believe rather than seeking what the truth is
69
What was Bacon's solution to the *Idol of the Tribe?*
Don't trust yourself. **Eliminate all biases and seek the truth** "Whenever the human mind dwells on something with particular satisfaction, it should be held in suspicion. And that care should be taken when dealing with such questions in order to keep the understanding even and clear. If a man will begin in certainties he shall end in doubts, but if he will be content to begin in doubts he shall end in certainties."
70
What is the *Idol of the Cave*?
(it's referencing Plato's allegory of the cave) **Interpreting all evidence given through a specific lens, rather than considering alternate viewpoints aswell** and so you get to different conclusions.
71
What is the *Idol of the Marketplace*?
**People misusing language causing confusion, misinterpretation or flawed reasoning."** Ex. When a food says it "contains no sugar" when it's definition of sugar is different from yours to confuse you.
72
What is Geocentrism?
The (corrrect) belief that the solar system revolves around the Earth
73
What is Heliocentrism?
The *belief* that the solar system revolves around the sun (how does that even make sense???)
74
Does Mr. Thayer say Geocentrism is wrong?
Nope (see, it’s right and your all wrong)
75
What is the Idol of the Theater?
**Believing in pre-established beliefs rather than trying to look where the evidence leads** (Ex. Everyone says the world revolves around the sun, but the evidence says otherwise (trust trust definately, no cap)
76
What should everyone’s goal be in every experiment?
**The Truth,** not what you want to believe, not what everyone says is true, etc, the goal is to find the truth whatever it may be
77
Who was the best Theban general?
Epaminondas
78
What did the death of General Epaminondas mark the end of?
Theban dominance
79
What was Epaminondas called by Cicero?
“First Man of Greece”
80
What were Macedonians originally considered?
The *backwards* cousins of the Greek
81
What dialect did the Macedonians speak?
Greek
82
What occupation were Macedonians mostly?
Farmers and shepards
83
What did Philip the Great do for Macedonia?
He united Macedonia and brought success against their enemy neighbours
84
What was the battle of Chaeronea between?
Macedonia and the southern Greeks
85
Who was Philip the Great the Father of?
Alexander the Great
86
Wo won the Battle of Chaeronaea?
Macedonia
87
What did Macedonia winning the Battle of Chaeronaea mean?
For the first time, Greece was now all united by Macedonia
88
Where was Philip the Great’s royal burial chamber supposedly found?
**Vergina** (not Virginia)
89
Who was Alexander the Great the son of?
Philip the Great
90
Who was King of Persia when the Persian Empire was defeated by Greece?
Darius III
91
Who was Greece under when they defeated Persia?
Alexander the Great
92
What was the Battle which gave Alexander control over the Persian Empire called?
Gaugamela
93
According to legend, what did Alexander do at Gordium?
Solves the riddle of the Gordian Knot
94
What was the Riddle of the Gordian Knot?
It was a knot impossible to untie. It was prophesized that whoever could untie it would rule all of Asia
95
How did Alexander solve the riddle of the Gordian Knot?
He used his sword to cut the knot in half
96
Who was the Battle of Granicus between?
Alexander the Great and Persia
97
Who won the Battle of Granicus?
Alexander the Great
98
What was the significance of the Battle of Granicus?
It was the *First* major battle won by Alexander in his *invasion* of Persia
99
Who was the *Battle of Issus* between?
Alexander the Great and Persia
100
What was the *Battle of Issus* significance?
It marked the beginning of the decline of Persian power and opened the way to the heart of the Persian Empire
101
Who was Diogenes?
**A Greek Philosopher and a Cynic**
102
Who were the Cynics and what did the believe in?
A group of Greek philosophers who objected conventional desires, social norms, and worldly possessions
103
How does Christianity contrast or agree to the Cynic objection of *Conventional Desire*?
1. "*Deny yourself* and take up your cross and follow me" (Matt 16:24) - it agrees to deny yourself of your *conventional* desires
2. "The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?" (Jer 17:9) - You might think your desires aren't bad, but the Bible tells us your a lil trickster, and you'll deceive yourself of how things actually are, for your desires. Cause the person you lie the most to, is yourself. If the Bible is actually true, how much more than right can it be?
3. "Take delight in the Lord, and he will give you your heart’s desires." (Psm 36:4) - However, it says that *solely* to your *conventional* desires. If you take delight in Him, and so you delight to "Let Thy Will Be Done," He will give you all you desire, which is what He desires (And He desires the best for you *in everything* even things you don't think He does, much more than you can desire for yourself.)
**It agrees**
104
How does Christianity contrast or agree to the Cynic objection of *Social Norms*?
1. Jesus came to get rid of the *bad* social norms. All sorts of *bad* social norms were common in Jesus's day, and He came to get rid of them, Ex. The Pharisee's additional rules, , not interacting with outcasts or sinners, treat rich people well, poor people badly, etc.
2. "Until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished." (Matt 17:18) - Though He got rid of the *bad* social norms, He advocated for the *good* ones. Nobody liked following the Jewish law, but everyone liked being prideful and looking down on others. Jesus attacked the *evil* social norm the people liked, while keeping the good social norm the people didn't like.
**It half agrees**
105
How does Christianity contrast or agree to the Cynic objection of *worldly possessions*?
1. "For the *love* of money is the root of all kinds of evil" (1 Timothy 6:10) - The Bible is unique in that it *never* tells us worldly possessions are bad, God made everything "good" it tells us. However, it's when you love the possession more than the One who gave you the possession, or your fellow, that it becomes bad. If you love your possession too much to share it, that's not good. If you love it too much to give it up if God asks you to (Abraham sacrificing Isaac story), that's not good according to the Bible, and it warns us it *will* lead to evil, and that's not gonna be fun."
2. “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and vermin destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. 20 But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moths and vermin do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. 21 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also." (Matt 19-21) - It tells us though that letting our possessions become our 'treasure,' is not good. So, everything you possess on Earth, materially or not, it tells us not to value it as treasure, because it *will* be destroyed one day, and that's not gonna be fun. Nothing wrong with possessing it or liking it, but treasuring it will just be bad. Ex. Having money as my treasure, that that is my purpose to life, having money. It will end badly. However, if money is not my treasure and so not my reason I live, I can now be content whether I'm a millionaire or super broke. And my treasures are in Heaven now. Whatever lot the Lord decides for me today, I can handle, because what do I have to lose? Your very life, too, counts as a possession; it tells us not to value that as a treasure.
**It does it's own thing**
106
*What* did Diogenes carry around?
He carried **a lantern** around in daytime
107
*Why* did Diogenes carry around a lantern?
He claimed to be **looking for an honest man**
108
According to legend, when Alexander came to meet Diogenes, what did Diogenes say to him?
"Move a little out of my sun"
109
Who were the Dioadochi?
The rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who all fought for control over him empire after his death
110
Which Macedonian general took over the African portion of the Empire after Alexander's death?
Ptolemy
111
Which Macedonian general took over the Asia Minor portion of the Empire after Alexander's death?
Antigonus
112
What is Antigonus known for?
**For being One-Eyed.** In battle, an arrow pierced his eye, but he refused medical help
113
Which Macedonian general took over the Asiatic (Asia) portion of the Empire after Alexander's death?
Seleucus
114
What was Lysimachus to Alexander?
One of his bodyguards
115
After Alexander's death, who came to rule the *strategic* parts of the empire?
Lysimachus
116
What dynasty did Antigonus start after Alexander's death?
The **Antigonid Dynasty**
117
What dynasty did Ptolemy start after Alexander's death?
The **Ptolemaic Dynasty**
118
What dynasty did Seleucus start after Alexander's death?
The **Seleucid Dynasty**
119
Who was Philotas the son of?
**Parmenion,** one of Alexander the Great's most experienced generals
120
What did Philotas command?
The Calvary Companion
121
What was Philotas accused of, and what was the punishment?
He was accused of conspiring against Alexander and was executed
122
What was Kleitos's other name?
Cleitus the Black
123
What did Kleitos criticizing Alexander for?
Abandoning Macedonian traditions and adopting Persian customs
124
What did Kleitos do for Alexander at Granicus?
He saved his life
125
How did Alexander respond to Kleitos's criticism?
He killed him
126
Who was the mother of King Darius III?
Sisygambis
127
In which battle did Alexander capture King Darius's family?
The **Battle of Issus**
128
After capturing Sisygambis, what did Alexander the Great do to her?
Treat her with great respect, even beginning to call her mother
129
Who was the granddaughter of Sisygambis?
Statira
130
Who did Statira marry?
Alexander the Great
131
How does Statira die?
The other wife of Alexander the Great kills her after his death
132
What was Philip II the first to do?
Unite the Greek city states
133
What was Philip II's dream?
To get revenge on Persia
134
What 2 things did Philip II want his son to be?
1. A good warrior
2. To have a great intellect
(Brains *aswell* as the bronze)
135
Who was Alexander the Great's role model?
Achilles
136
Who's my favourite superhero?
spider-man!!!!
137
How obsessed was Alexander to the Iliad?
So obsessed he slept with a copy of it under his pillow
138
What was Alexander's mother convinced of?
**That Zeus sleeped with her one night to produce Alexander**, because of he was
139
How did Alexander's mother take to his obsession with the Illiad?
It pleased her
140
What was Alexander's mother?
A religious fanatic
141
What was the character of Alexander like?
- Small in stature
- A gifted athlete and fierce competitor
- Charming and charismatic
- Attracted friends that would remain loyal to him for life
142
What did Alexander learn while on campaign with his father?
How to command the movements, and earn the respect of men
143
Who are the suspects who are thought to have assassinated Philip II?
It is suspected either **Alexander *or* Alexander's mother ** killed him
144
What would have been *Alexander's motivation* be to have assassinated his father? (if he did it)
He would have been worried about succession
145
What would have been *Alexander's mothers* motivation be to have assassinated her husband? (if she did it)
Jealous because he had gotten a new wife that he loved more than her
146
Who was Eurydice?
Mother of Philip II
147
What did Eurydice do after the assassination of Philip II?
She committed suicide
148
How did Alexander make sure no one would oppose his rule after Philip II?
**He sent a message. He went to Thebes, the hotbed of the rebellion, and killed 6000 of them and sold 30,000 of them into slavery.** Nobody wanted to mess with him
149
What proposition did Alexander make tot the Greeks?
Give me 3 things:
1. Soldiers
2. Ships
3. Supplies
And in return, he would liberate the Greek cities in Anatolia
150
Why did the Persians loose the Battle of Issus?
**They were unable to take advantage of their numbers** (pinch point)
151
What did the Battle of Issus tell Alexander about Darius III?
He will flee if threatened
152
At Darius's funeral, what was Sisygambis reported to have said?
That Alexander was her only son
153
What does Alexander think a commander should be?
One with the men
154
How does Alexander show he was one with his men?
He shared *both* in the pain of war, and spoils of war
155
Why did the Egyptians welcome Alexander?
He would liberate them from the Persians
156
What do the Egyptians embrace Alexander as?
The “Great Deliverer”
157
158
What happened to Alexander at the oasis of Siwa?
He visited to the temple of Amun for advice of the gods, and came out believing he was a god
159
What did Alexander demand everyone of after he started to believe he was a god?
To prostrate themselves before him
160
Why did Darius pick Gaugamela as the battlefield?
It was a large flat plain. He remembered the Battle of Issus and the pinch point and counteracted it
161
What was Alexander’s goal in the Battle of Gaugamela?
**The make Darius flee** cause he knew the conscripts would stop fighting if the king left
162
What did Alexander become after the Battle of Gaugamela?
King of Persia
163
What did Darius put his faith in, in battle?
He put his faith in **numbers**
164
What did Alexander put his faith in, in battle?
He put his faith in **tactics**
165
What were the spoils of war from defeating Persia for Alexander?h
***Each* Persian city had more gold than all of Greece combined. ** Alexander became the richest man in the world after 1 battle. For scale, in Persepolis alone, there was supposedly $60 billion in gold.
166
What did Alexander *do* with most of the spoils of war from conquering Persia?
He game most of it to his general and men
167
In what 2 ways did Alexander anger and disgust his Macedonian soldiers?
1. He started to dress in Persian robes
2. He started to demand everyone to prostrate before him
168
How did Alexander plant the seeds of Greek civilization?
He built many Greek style cities across the east to colonize it
169
What were most of the cities Alexander built In the east called?
Alexandria
170
Why did Alexander stop campaigning?
The monsoon rains came down and *bhis men** were tried and they **refused to go any farther**
171
Where did Alexander’s campaign end?
India
172
What is the supposed reason Alexander meet his end?
Malaria
173
What is new information new leading people to believe about Alexander’s death?
He wasn’t actually dead; buried alive
174
What was the most important government institution in Athens?
The Assembly
175
How many times a month did the Assembly meet?
**3-4** times a month
176
How was who was in the Assembly decided?
Election
177
What did the assembly debate on each meeting?
Domestic and foreign policys
178
What kind of Government did Athens have?
A direct democracy
179
What does the word '*Demos*' mean?
People
180
What does the word '*Kratos*' mean?
Rule/Power
181
What does the word '*Democracy*' mean?
Rule of the people
182
What does the word '*Mono*' mean?
One
183
What does the word '*Monarchy*' mean?
Rule of one
184
What does the word '*Oligarchy*' mean?
Rule of the few
185
What is a tyrant, according to the Greeks?
Someone who seizes power unconstitutionally for good or for bad
186
Who was Cypselus?
He was the first Greek tyrant
187
What is an Archon?
A special magistrate who was to mediate between the ordinary people and the aristocrats
188
Who was the first archon of Greece?
Draco
189
What did Draco do as archon?
He wrote the first law code
190
*What* was the first step to democracy in athens?
Draco writing **the first law code** in Athens
191
*Who* was the first step to democracy in Athens?
Draco
192
*Who* was the second step to democracy in Athens?
Solon
193
*What* was the second step to democracy in Athens?
Solon brought **economic and social reform** to Athens
194
Who was Peisistratus?
A Nobel and famous general
195
What did Peisistratus become?
Tyrant of Athens
196
Who was the son of Peisistratus?
Hippias
197
Does having an Authoritarian rulers always go badly?
**No**. Ex. Alexander the Great brought Greece to it's height of power, if not for his sole vision it wouldn't have been possible. Modernly, Rwanda made much great changes in only a few years that would have been *impossible* without the vision of one sole man at the top.
198
Who should be the next and first tyrant of Canada?
Me of course
199
Who was tyrant of Athens after Peisistratus?
Hippias
200
Who was the last tyrant of Athens before democract?
Hippias
201
Why was Hippias the *last* tyrant of Athens?
He lost the support of the people
202
Who kicks out Tyrant Hippias?
Cleisthenes
203
Who instates democracy in Athens?
Cleisthenes
204
Who/What was the 'Strategos?'
The **elected generals**
205
What was ostracism in Athens?
A democratic procedure where the Athenians could vote to banish a specific person for being a threat to the state
206
What was a '*Ostraka*'?
A broken piece of pottery
207
What did the Ahtenians use an '*ostraka*' for?
They would scratch the name of the person they wanted to ostracized onto it
208
Who were the '*Helots*' in Sparta?
State slaves that worked the land of the Sparta
209
Who is said to have written the constitution in Sparta?
Lycurgus
210
What does '*Homoioi*' mean?
Equal
211
What did it mean if you were an '*Homoioi*' in Sparta?
If you were an equal **you could own land, vote, and benefit from the state slave**, basically you were a citizen i guess
212
Who was the first woman for win a prize at the olympics?
Kyniska
213
What was the result of a woman winning the Olympics?
They, from now on had to do the Olympics clothesless to make sure a women didn't participate
214
Who were the Council of Elders in Sparta?
28 men who were older than 60 that advised the king
215
Who were the Ephorate in Sparta?
5 guys who advocated for the poor
216
Who were the Ephors?
The 5 men who made up the Ephorates
217
Who oversaw the Council of Elders of Sparta?
The Ephors
218
What were the Greeks the first to do with respect to Government?
They were the **first to invent a formal democratic system** (but it was actually just Athens, not all of Greece)
219
What was i listening to while making flashcard 220?
**Vivaldi - The Four Seasons, Concerto No. 2 "Summer": III. Presto** (⭐ On test!!! memorize!!)
220
How were the early Greek states ruled?
By kings
221
What roles did the early Greek Kings have?
- **Chief judge**
- **Leading Administrator**
- **Military Leader**
- **Priest of the State** (at times)
222
What effect did the Greek Dark Ages have on monarchy in Early Greece?
The kings lost some or all of their power to other members of the aristocracy
223
What allowed the Aristocrats to hold onto their power throughout the Greek Dark Ages?
**They were the military backbone of the State. The people were force to rely on them.** Uhhhhh reminds me of Canada and stinky big brother America)
224
Why did the ordinary citizens begin demanding more political power from the aristocratic rule in Greece?
**They were being relied on more and more** to be army men. They became a key part of the army, and feeling more important, they demanded political power.
225
How did Athens avoid the tyranny Corinth went to after aristocratic rule?
**They appointed a special magistrate to bridge the gap between the common people and the aristocrats.** Called an Archon
226
What were the 4 reforms of Solon in Athens?
1. Changed the Law Code to relieve debt and land problems of the poor
2. Abolished the practice of selling debtors into slavery
3. Created the council of 400
4. All wealthy men could run for high government offices
227
Despite Solon's political reforms, who still had no power?
Women, slaves and foreigners
228
What were the 3 reforms of Cleisthenes in Athens?
1. Any "fit citizen" could now be in the assembly
2. Replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500
3. Introduced the idea of ostracism
229
How did the Council of 500 differ from the Council of 400?
The council of 500 was much more diverse
230
How did the Council of 500 work?
Athens was split into 10 tribes, and 50 men were chosen by lot to serve in the council for a year
231
What role did the Slaves play in Greek life?
They filled virtually every occupation except government and military positions
232
Which slaves in Greece were the *Best* off?
Household slaves of the wealthy
233
Which slaves in Greece were the *Worst* off?
Leased slaves in the mines
234
How was ancient Sparta categorized?
warriors.
235
Why didn't the Spartans establish colonies?
They didn't need to, **they just conquered instead**, and stole the land
236
What was unusual about the Spartan governent?
They had 2 kings that rules *equally*
237
What was the benefit of having 2 Kings in Sparta?
It provided a sober second thought
238
How did having 2 kings work in Sparta?
If one made a decision, the other would have to agree too
239
How did Spartan women differ from those in other parts of Greece?
**They enjoyed more freedoms and privileges than women anywhere else in Greece.** They were encouraged to take part in sports and develop healthy bodies. They were given training in music and dance like the boys. They also had property and marriage rights as adults.
240
What were the parts of Spartan society that indicated their warrior mentality?
- They killed their weak babies, and kept only the healthy ones
- Boys went to military school at the age of 7
241
What were the boys taught at Sparta in military school?
To be obedient, cunning and never admit defeat
242
What were the Greek Dark Ages?
**A 350 year period after the Mycenaean Civilization collapsed that we have no information about** because when thee Mycenaean Civilization collapsed they took their wealth and writings with them
243
Coming out of the Greek Dark Ages, how did Greece unify?
Through the **Olympic Games**
244
Coming out of the Greek Dark Ages, what appeared?
Appearance of **a new national literature, Homer's works.**
245
Coming out of the Greek Dark Ages, what did the National Literature provide for the Greeks?
A glorious past
246
Coming out of the Greek Dark Ages, what resurged?
Trade
247
Coming out of the Greek Dark Ages, what did the Greeks begin to do?
Colonize; extending the Greek homeland
248
Who elected the Lesser Magistrates in Athens?
The Assembly
249
What roles would Lesser Magistrates take in Athens politically?
Treasurers, market controllers, grain wardens, controllers of measures, etc
250
How old did you have to be in order to participate in the Council of 500 in Athens?
30
251
How many times in your life could you serve in the council of 500?
Only once
252
Who elected the Strategos in Athens?
The assembly
253
What was the Stratego responsible for?
Promoting domestic policy in Athens and directing military operations
254
Just a reminder
i missed a quite bit of greece and dont knwo most of it :D
why do you trust these flashchards?
255
What did all public servants receive in Athens government?
A small daily payment
256
Why were public servants paid in Athens?
This allowed even the poorest to serve
257
Who *didn't* get paid as a public servant in Athens government?
Generals and treasurers
258
How many Generals made up the Strategos in Athen?
10
259
What was the order of political power in Athens from greatest to least?
The Strategos -> Lesser Magistrates (Archons) -> Council of Five Hundred -> The Assembly
260
What was the Greek name for the Assembly?
Ecclesia
261
What were the 4 Government institutions in Athens?
1. The Assembly
2. The Council of 500
3. The Lesser Magistrates
4. The Strategos
262
What kind of government did Sparta have?
Diarchy/Oligarchy
263
What were the roles of each of the Kings of Sparta?
One was in charge of military, while the other was in charge of the government
264
Who had more power than the Kings in Sparta?
The Ephors
265
How does someone come to be an Ephor in Sparta?
They would be voted in each year by the citizens of Sparta
266
Who had the most power in Sparta?
The Ephors
267
How many Ephors were in power at a time in Sparta?
5
268
How long did the reign of an Ephor last in sparta?
1 year
269
What was the job of the Ephors in Sparta?
They directed the affairs of state
270
What could the Ephors do in Sparta, that shows how much power they had?
1. Had the right to attend the meetings of the council; summon the assembly and preside over its meetings
2. Could arrest and prosecute, the kings
3. could decree punishment on any citizen
271
What was the job of the Council of Elders in Sparta?
To advice to kings
272
What were the Council of Elders in Sparta also called?
the **Gerousia**
273
Who and how many made up the Council of Elders in Sparta?
28 Aristocrats over the age of 60
274
What did the Council of Elders also act as?
A law court for important cases
275
Whom made up the Assembly of Citizens in Sparta?
All male citizens over 30 years old
276
How often and where did the Assembly of Citizens meet?
Each month outside the city
277
What was the job of the Assembly of Citizens?
To vote in proposals brought by the council
278
How would you vote in Sparta?
Shouting; winning side was the one that shouted the loudest
279
*In reality,* what role did the Assembly of Citizens in Sparta play?
**None**. They could not propose ideas or debate any. And their decisions could be set aside
280
What were the 4 Government institutions in Sparta?
1. The Kings
2. The Ephors
3. The Council of Elders
4. The Assembly of Citizens
281
What was the order of Political power in Sparta from greatest to least?
Kings -> Ephors -> Council of Elders -> Assembly of Citizens
282
Why are like all my packages blank 😭😭
Someone share your notes plsplsplsplspls i can';t read chris's
283
Who was known as "the father of history?"
Herodotus
284
What did Herodotus write about?
The Persian Wars
285
What is bad about Herodotus accounts of the Persian and Greek wars?
They were **very biased**
286
Where does the story of the Minotaur come from?
Crete
287
In Percy Jackson, who does the Minotaur die to?
A tree
288
What is the geography of Crete like?
- 200 miles long
- divided by mountain ranges
- Great climate
- Great for agriculture
289
What was the most important metal to the Greeks and why?
Bronze; all their weapons were made from this
290
What is Bronze and Alloy of?
Tin and copper
291
What is a sanctuary?
A holy or sacred ground on a hilltop. Where you would build alters or temples
292
Prince of Egypt was a very cool movie
I'm listening to its soundtrack right now
293
What was the writing style of the Minoans called?
Linear A Script
294
What was *Knossos*?
Largest, most important, earliest palace
295
What was *Thera*?
Island that was destroyed by a volcanic eruption
296
What was the writing style of the Mycenaeans called?
Linear B Script
297
Have we Deciphered The Minoan script?
Yes
298
Have we Deciphered The Mycenaean script?
No
299
What was Linear B Script derrived from?
Linear A Script
300
What language eventually comes out of Linear B Script?
Greek
301
What was the Minotaur?
A mythical half-man and half-beast monster
302
What did Heinrich Schliemann discouver?
A graveyard in the city of Troy and Mycenae
303
What is the War found in the Iliad?
The Tojan War
304
What was the Trojan War likely just about in actuality?
Fishing Rights
305
Hey wait why do you trust everything I'm sayin
maybe i'm making all thsi up to sabotage you!!!!!! you don't know do you????!!!!!???!!!??!?!
306
What are the '4 P's' as to *why* the Pagans would worship their gods?
**1. Power
2. Prosperity
3. Pleasure
4. Prestige**
This contrasts greatly with Jesus's teachings
"Deny yourself, pick up your cross daily, and follow me"
You get neither power, nor prosperity, nor pleasure, nor prestige out of it.
Those that seek that have to look elsewhere, however if one wants, *a reason to live, hope, to know their loved, and true joy,* that's what you'd find here -- at the *cost* of your *desires* for power, prosperity, pleasure, and prestige.
If God sees it good for you, you will definitely get those things as well. However, you must *deny* those desires, it tells us, pick up your cross, and follow Him, for the most difficult, yet most wonderfully lovely adventure there is!
307
Which Greek city state worshipped Aphrodite the greatest?
Corinth
308
What was Aphrodite, the Goddess of?
**The Goddess of love** (yucky pleasure love - not love yucky)
309
What is the story behind the goddess Aphrodite?
She was married to Hephaestus, but cheated with Ares. So Hephaestus made a trap to catch them together. It worked, and Hephaestus demanded his gifts of courtship back.
310
What 3 gods are immune to the enchantments of Aphrodite?
Artemis, Hestia and Athene
311
How was goddess Aphrodite created?
She was created **from the white foam that remained after Kronos cut up his father**
312
What is Apollo the god of?
Healing, medicine, archery, music and poetry
313
Who is Apollo's twin brother?
Artemis
314
Who are Apollo's parents?
Zeus and Leto
315
Why was Apollo one of the more loved gods by the people?
He was associated with alot of positive things
316
What was Ares the god of?
god of **War**: Ragnarök
317
Though Ares was disliked by most of the Olympians, which Olympian loved him?
Aphrodite
318
Who was Ares sometimes accompanied into battle by?
His sister **Eris, and also Hades** So the trio, war, discord and death. Ares, Eris, and Hades
319
What were the Pagans trying to do with their gods?
They were trying to **explain the world around them**
320
What is it called when you don't *understand* something, so you believe a god must be behind it?
god of the gaps
321
What is the problem with believing in a god of the gaps?
As more knowledge is acquired and so the gap in knowledge is closed, the god unneeded and dies
322
What is a difference between the Christian God, and a god of the gaps?
A god of the gaps only exists while there is a gap of understanding. When new knowledge is acquired to allow us to understand it, you realize there was no such 'god' behind it. However, as for the Christian God, it claims on the very first line of the very first page of the very first book, "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth ." It claims not 'God created the bits of the universe we don't understand,' but both the bits we don't *and do* understand, the whole universe! (heavens and the earth is a phrase that means universe back then)
323
What is something similar between pagan gods and atheism (materialists)?
**Both believe everything in existence came from existence.** (material born from material) The Greeks believed their gods were 'created,' by the titans.
324
What is God vs. a god?
'God' would be the runner of the whole show. A 'god' is merely a powerful deity.
325
What is interesting about god of the gaps today?
god of the gaps are made out of ignorance. Once you learn more, there's no more need for the god. However, what's interesting today is that the more we understand, it actually opens up gaps. These new gaps aren't gaps of ignorance, but gaps that come out of knowledge! The more we know, the more a creator seems likely.
326
What are some significant gaps that have been *opened up* by more knowledge today? (basically the 2 i remember)
- **DNA**
- **Where life comes from**
327
What gaps have been opened up in the field of studying *where life comes from*?
1. Life *cannot* come from non-life
2. There are *no* laws that *cause* life to occur (otherwise we would see it everywhere, wouldn't we?)
328
In the future, we may be able to create life in a lab. If that is so, *what would an atheist say this proves?*
That life could always come out of non-life!
329
In the future, we may be able to create life in a lab. If that is so, *contrary to atheists, what would this actually prove?*
That it requires a mind behind it to create life!
330
What gaps have been opened up in the field of studying DNA?
1. It seems to be like written code; direct information step by step dictating how the organism will work or something
2. There are *no* laws that cause information to exists, *information can only come from a mind*
331
What's a good analogy for how DNA shows it was written behind a mind?
If you went to a beach and saw your name written in big letters in the sand, you wouldn't say it came about by luck, you would know because language is complicated, somebody wrote it. In the same way, when you see your 5-letter name written perfectly in the sand and you know someone wrote it, when you see a 3,000,000,000-letter long instruction perfectly written in a cell, why don't you think the same there?
332
What did Socrates ask for in regard to the gods?
Evidence
333
what was Artemis the goddess of?
The moon
334
Who was the twin of Artemis?
Apollo
335
Where was Artemis born?
The Island of Delos
336
Who were the parents of Artemis?
Zeus and Leto
337
What was Artemis associated with?
The bow
338
What kind of bow did Artemis use?
A silver bow
339
What does Artemis do in the night?
She rides her silver chariot across the sky and shoots her arrows of silver moonlight to the Earth
340
Who is Artemis a friend to?
Mortals
341
What is Athene goddess of?
Wisdom
342
Who are the parents of goddess Athene?
Zeus and Metis
343
i dont liek zues
why does he have so many wives
344
What city was named in the honor of Athene?
Athens
345
What was the story behind the birth of Athene?
When Zeus saw Metis was pregnant, he was afraid, and so to solve his problems, he ate her 🤗. Sadly eating doesnt usually solve your problems and Athene still birthed, full armoured, ,but Metis was never seen again
346
it might liek be a good idea to wathc a video abouit the stories of all th greek gods that might be helpful
okokok
347
What was Demeter goddess of?
goddess of the **harvest**
348
How does Demeter show her mood?
With either feast or famine
349
Who is the daughter of Demeter?
Persephone
350
What happens with Demeter when Persephone is with Hades in the underworld?
The Earth is wracked by Demeter's sorrow - bringing fall and winter
351
What happens with Demeter when Persephone returns to her?
Demeter is overjoyed and pours out her blessings to welcome her beloved daughter home - bringing spring and summer
352
Who are the Erinyes?
The punishers of the unfaithful
353
What do the Erinyes have that make *escape impossible?*
Brass wings
354
What do the Erinyes have that make *torment relentless and horrible?*
Ripping claws
355
What is Eris goddess of?
**goddess of discord** no way, i use that1111!!1111!!!
356
*discord sound effect
better go answer that
357
Who are the parents of Eris?
Zeus and Hera
358
Who the brother of Eris?
Ares
359
Unlike Ares, what is Eris more generally known for?
**Less deadly forms of conflict** like political strife, rivalry, etc
360
What do the pagans try to depict with their beliefs but in what way?
**They try to depict something true, but through the wrong way** random note but it looks like every belief tries to do this, like the Greeks have Eris, goddess of discord, to try to explain something true they see - discord. While I as a chirstian woudl say people themselves and/or Satan's wispers are the cause of discord. Atheism says it's jsut the way things are. It's interesting, we're all trying to understand soemthing we see true, but we go by different ways, so i guess the goal is to figure out which way's the right way to explain it - cause that would be the first step to defeating it
361
What was the cause for fear and respect of Eris on Olympus?
her eternal and unforgiving rage
362
What was eros the god of/
Love
363
What was eros the most of among all the immortals?
The Most **handsome**
364
What 2 kinds of arrows did Eros have?
gold and lead
365
What did Ero's gold arrows do?
Make someone fall utterly in love
366
What did Ero's lead arrows do?
Caused someone to feel distaste
367
What war did Ero's kinda start?
The Trojan War
368
How did Ero's kinda start the Trojan War?
He struck Helen, daughter of Zeus, with an arrow to abandon her husband and fall completely in love with Paris of Troy
369
who are The Fates the daughters of?
Themis
370
Who is Themis the goddess of?
Necessity
371
Who are the 3 fates?
Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos
372
What did the 3 Fates do?
Make you live, decide how long you live, and when to end it
373
What did The Fate Clotho do?
**She wove life**; life is woven by clotho
374
What did The Fate Lachesis do?
She measured life
375
What did The Fate Atropos do?
She would cut the thread of life
376
Who are the 3 Graces?
Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia
377
Who are the Graces the daughters of?
Zeus and Eurynome
378
What did the attenance of the Graces mean?
There would be peace and happiness
379
Who is Hades?
King of the underworld
380
What does Hades do?
He metes out somber justice before the dead mortals
381
What is Hephaistos the god of?
god of the **smith**8
382
what is unique about Hephaistos?
He was lame
383
Who is Hephaistos the son of?
Hera
384
What is the story behind as to why Hephaistos is lame?
His mother defied Zeus, so he got angy and threw Hephaistos to the Earth
385
Who helped Hephaistos in his work?
Mechanical helpers he built
386
What did Hephaistos build for the Olympians?
All of their homes and fitted them with clever locks
387
What did Hephaistos build for Achilles?
His armour
388
What type is achilles?
He is a balance type beyblade
389
3. . 2. . .1?
LET! IT! RIPPP!!!!111111!!!
390
What did Hephaistos build for Zues?
His lightning bolt
391
Who helped Hephaistos to build the Lightning Bolt?
His Cyclops
392
Who is the most beautiful goddess?
Hera
393
Who are the parents of Hera?
Kronos and Rheia
394
Who is Rheia?
The beautiful and powerful wife of Zeus
395
How is Hera regarded and why?
She is often regarded as **petty and unforgiving - because she takes revenge on the lovers of Zeus**. wow that must be quite the task!
396
What did Hermes giev to the mortals?
weights and measures and dice
397
What does Hermes do for the dead?
He escorts them to Hades
398
What are Herme's domains?
Roads, traffic and markets
399
Who is the herald of the immortals?
Hermes
400
Who are the parents of Hermes?
**Zeus and Mai** ZEUS WHY JUST WHY
401
What does Hermes have his hand in?
All secre dealings and stratagems
402
Which god is the giver of good luck?
Hermes
403
What is Hestia the Goddess of?
Home and Hearth, and humble domestic joy
404
what is Hestia to Zeus?
His older sister
405
Where does Hestia spend her time?
Not on Olympus, but **on Earth with mortals**
406
What does Hestia do?
She protects orphans and missing children
407
Who is cKronos the father of?
Zeus and all the Olympians
408
What is Kronos?
A Titan
409
Who is Kronos's sister?
Rheia
410
Who is Kronos's wife?
**Rheia** WHAT
411
Who are the parents of Kronos?
Uranus and Gaia
412
ok do we actually needa know all this about the gods
probably not what am i doing 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭
413
WHat did Krono's do to his father?
kill him
414
why did Krono's eat his children?
**He was given a prophecy that his own son would one day kill him** so out of fear (and maybe a bit of hunger) he decided to eat all them as soon as they were born
415
What is the story between Zeus and kronos?
When Zeus as born, Rheia was tired of this and gave Kronos a rock instead. Then late Zeus ambushed Kronos and kicked him so hard he vomited the other gods he swallowed fully grown - and kronos was defeated and Zeus was made leader by his siblings
416
Who is Hade's wife?
Persephone
417
Who are the parents of Persephone?
Zeus and demeter
418
Why was Persephone trapped in the underworld?
She was kidnapped by Hades and then ate a pomegranate seed - and if you eat food in the underworld your forever bound there
419
What deal was made between Demeter and Hades about Persephone?
That she would spent half the year with Demeter and half the year with Hades
420
WHo is the coolest greek god?
Poseidon
421
What is Poseidon the god of?
god of the sea
422
what was poisidons mission?
To give voice to the earth
423
What is poieidon's most honored creation?
The horsey 🐎 neiiiigh
424
Who are the parents of Zeus?
Kronos and Rheia
425
What was Zeus's domain?
The mountian tops and clouds where he could survey all of creation
426
Who did Zeus marry?
l i t e r a l l y. e v e r y o n e 😭😭😭 but the answer is **Hera**
427
Use deductive reasoning to prove rishi is emo with his favourite Percy Jackson character.
1. Only emo’s like Neko
2. Rishi likes Neko
Therefore: Rishi is Emo
428
What Pokémon goes Delelelelelelelelelelele wooop wooop woop?
Krickitune
429
Under which leader did Athens reach unprecedented cultural and military height?
Pericles
430
Other than culture and military, what else did Pericles impact the most?
Arcitecture and democracy
431
What was the name of the highest point in Athens?
The Acropolis
432
What is Athen's most famous building?
The Parthenon
433
Where was the Parthenon located?
Acropolis; the high place
434
What did they do on the acropolis?
Debate philosophy, conducted the government adn it was the center of greek culture
435
How were the ancient Athenians *pious*?
They believed the gods would help or harm them and so they made regular sacrifices
436
Which god was the 'protector' of Athens?
Athena
437
which city state was the "eternal rival" of Athens?
Sparta
438
What was the significance of the Erechtheion?
It was the most sacred temple which had the Palladium
439
What is significant about tthe cost of the statue of Athena that was located in the Parthenon?
It was extremely expensive! You could have made 300 warships with it
440
What, of significance, was located at Delphi?
A great temple to Apollo and home to the oracle of Delphi
441
What Pokemon does the name Delphi keep remindign me of?
Delphox, the final form of Fennakin from X and Y
442
What was the role of a woman in Athens?
to take care of the estate; the house and children
443
What was a symposium?
"to drink togeather" - it's where the men came to drink togeather
444
What was the key component in the economic life of Athens?
Pottery production 24/7
445
Why weren't women allowed to participate of listen to philosophical debates in Athens?
They were thought to be incapable of rational thought
446
Why were some men unemployed in Athens?
Because of the abundance of slaves
447
what was the 'agoge'?
The Spartan warrior school
448
What was the 'agora'?
The Athenian market place
449
What allowed Thebes to defeat the Spartans and assume leadership of Greece?
***A change in military tactics - the phalanx**
450
What was the significance of Philip's captivity in Thebes?
It allowed him to learn their new battle tactics.
451
Why wasn't Philip able to launch an attack on Persia?
**He was assassinated before he was able to** at a weddign celebration
452
What combination helped Alexander becoe one of history's most successful military leaders?
He had his father's experience on the battle field, in combination with his knowledge as a student of Aristotle
453
What factors allowed Alexander's outnumbered army to defeat the Persians?
The Macedonian army used the improved Greek warfare tactics; the phalanx. And the army was led by seasoned commanders all loyal to Alexander
454
What were Alexander's ideas to make a better empire?
1. Make Greek culturea nd language a common uniting force
2. Still respect others customs and cultures
455
What 2 ages are separated by Alexander's death?
The classical age and the Hellenistic age
456
As a result of Alexander's conquests, what happened with Greek culture?
IT becasme the common culture of all the countries in the Near East
457
What gave the Greeks some stability in the chaotic afterman of Alexander's death?
They found stability in the role of their own city and maintained independence in thei internal affairs
458
Who was Aristeides and what did he do?
He acted for Athens and helped organize the Delian League. He calculated how much each member should pay
459
What was Aristeides called?
"Aristeides the Just"
460
What was the Delian League?
A naval alliance between the Greek city states to defend against Persia
461
Who was Kimon and what did he do?
He was the son of Miltiades and molded the League to be an effective military force
462
Who was the leader of the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon?
Kimon
463
What led the Greeks to discuss the polibility of an alliance?
The belief that the Persians were going to attack - and the desire to regain the territory they had lost
464
How did member ship in the Delian League originall work?
It was a voluntary association
465
How did membership in the Delian League change?
**Once the free trial was over you had to pay $8.99 a month and it became a forced union** You coul;dnt drop out, you were forced to pay your share, and those that did not want to join were forced to
466
What was the final proof the Delian League was really an Athenian empire?
Pericles moved the the League's treasaury from the island of Delos to Athens
467
What were the 3 early indication sthat the Delian League was headed to be an Athenian Empire?
1. It was organized by Aristeides of Athens
2. Each state had to sign a defence treaty with Athens
3. Athens provided all the officials and commanders
468
What does democracy mean to us today?
Facism.
469
How did Pericles maintain a leading position in Athens?
He was re-elected annually to the Board of Generals
470
What allowed even the poorest Athenians to serve in the city in politics?
The introduction of pay for serving in civic affairs
471
Why was Kimon ostracised?
He convinced the Athenians to help Sparta during a Hebt revolt, but when the Athenians arrived the Spartants refused their help and sent them home, so the poeple were mad they wasted a bunch of time and resources for nothing
472
Which Greek historian wrote about the History of the Pelopennian war?
Thucydides
473
Who was King Brasidas?
King of Sparta during the Pelopoesian War
474
Who was Cleon?
Leader of the Radical Democrats in Athens
475
What was the significance of the Battle of Amphipolis?
It was a battle in the Peloponnesian War that led to a short peace between Sparta and Athens due to the deaths of Cleon and King Bradias
476
Who was Alcibiades?
Hostile leader of the Radical Democrats in Athens after Cleon. Nephew and Ward of Pericles
477
Who was Lysander
Leader of Team fla- oh wait **Spartan general during the Peloponnesian War who developed more effective ways to combat the athenian fleet**
478
Who was Pericles II?
Pericles' son and General of an Athenian fleet who was executed for failing to pick up 2000 men who had been drifting in the sea due to a storm
479
What was the significance of the Battle of Aegospotami?
Final decisive battle of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians lost
480
Who were the Thirty Tyrants?
Put in Athens by the Spartans to rule them.
481
What kind of rule did the Thirty Tyrants have?
a Rule of Terror (terrifying)
482
What was the Peace of Nicias?
Treaty signed by between Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnenian War after the Battle of Amphipolis
483
What was the Melian Dialogue?
**Imagined dialogue between Athens and the Island of Melos during the Peloponesian War, to show it is power and not morality that determines the relation between states**. The strong do what they want while the weak suffer (i write this while listenig to dramatic Latin epic choir)
484
Who wrote the Melian Dialogue?
Thucidies
485
What is inevitable between a rising power and an established power?
War
486
What was the Plague believed to be?
A divine punishment by the gods
487
What sparked he Peloponnesian War?
Athens interference with Corinths colonies causeing Sparta to accuse them of breaking the peace treaty
488
In the beggining, what 4 factors made it appear that Athens was destined to win the Peloponnesian War?
1. Athens could be supplied (via navy) even during an attack
2. Long walls for protection
3. Athenian fleet could raid the coasts
4. Athens had a big surplus in her treasury
489
What was the signiificance of the plague durign the Pelopennesian war?
1/3 of the population died, equallig the two sides in number. And Pericles dies and there was no leader of his quality to replace him
490
What foolish decision did athens make durng the Pelopenniesian War?
They launched and attack on the powerful city of Syracue
491
why was it foolish of Athens to attack the city of Syracue durign the Peloponnesian War?
They knew it woudl be a long hard compainge requiring huge quantities of ships, manpower and money. **They now had to split their resources between Sparta and Syracue.**
492
What 4 terms of peace were forced on Athens after they lost the Peloponessian War?
Athens was require to
1. Tear down it's long wars
2. Surrender all but 12 shipds
3. Take back all political exiles
4. No more soveingty
493
What was the long-term significance of the Peloponnesian war for the city of Athens?
Athens woudl never again be a great power
494
Who begins to dominate Greece after Athens?
Sparta and Thebes
495
Why was the exile of Thyucydides a benefit for history?
He now wrote from a neutral perspective, so he was less bias when recording the war
496
What was the name of sparta a synonym for?
Hardship willingly endured and death stoically faced
497
What is the coolest philosophy???
Stoicisim!!!!!!!!!!!
498
Who were the 'helots'?
Captives adn slaves of the Spartan's who worked the land. They outnumbered the spartans and were there prior to them
499
What caused the Greek city states to stop fightign amongst themselves?
When they had acquired a common enemy; When Persia invaded Greece
500
Which Persian king was the first to invade Greece?
Darius
501
Which Persian king was secodn to invade Greeece?
Xerxes
502
In sparta, what was done to a child when born?
They were examined by the cities elders to determine if it was a healthy baby or not?
503
In Sparta, what happened if a new born baby was deemed unhealthy?
It was flung into a ravine to be left to die
504
What did the Sparta's bath New Born babies in?
Wine
505
Who nurced Spartan Babies?
Rather than their mothers, babies were nurced by slaves
506
What happened to Spartan children at the Age of *7*?
They were enrolled in the agoge
507
What happened to Spartan children at the Age of *12*?
They began training with weapons; swrods, bows, spears and disc sheilds
508
What happened to Spartan men at the Age of *20*?
They were given the priveledge of joinign a mess
509
What was a Spatan mess?
A group of men you would eat with and live with. Basically your unit
510
What happened to Spartan men at the Age of *30*?
They became citizens; an equal; homoioi
511
What happened to Spartan men at the Age of *55*?
They could retire from being a soldier
512
What was the practical result of a Spartan upbringing?
The best military in the world
513
What were the *elites* of the Persian army called?
The immortals
514
Who were the "sworn bands" in Sparta?
Units. 23 other guys you gre up with. Small, mobile and fiercely loyal. 2 dozen men
515
What does *Thermopoly* mean?
Hot Gate
516
How many people dies at the battle of Thermopoly?
299
517
Why didn't Aristodemus fight at the battle at Thermopoly?
He was sick and his eye was infected so he chose to go home?
518
What was the consiquence of Aristodemus choosing to go home instead of fighting?
Everyoen called him a coward. No one spoke to him. No one engaged with him. Lost all honor.
519
Who was the only soldier who survived the Battle of Thermopoly?
Aristodemus
520
What is the Batlle at Thermopoly also called?
The battle of 300
521
what eneded Xerxes dream of defeating greece?
He lost the Battle of Salamis
522
What are the 3 reasons Spartan dominance ended?
1. **They never made a wise treaty**, they had to run out of soldiers at one point - lose too many men
2. **they made too many enemies**
3. What worked at home doesn't work abroad**, as they treated their conqured people as if they were Spartans, but they couldn't handle thier harsh rule
523
What did Aristodemus do at the Battle of Plataea?
Charged headfirst at the Persian lines before the battle even started to regain his honor - he quickly dies - what a silly billy :P
524
roman when?????
next unit!!!!!!!!1 yeah!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
525
Who oversaw the building of classical Athens?
Pericles
526
what did 5th century athenians strive for?
Perfection
527
How was the "golden age" of athens paid for?
Through taxes (ew)
528
How long did it take to compete classical Athens?
50 years
529
What;s a bunch of things the Greeks gave to Western civilization?
- Greek words (no way!!!!!)
- philosophy
- rhetoric
- biology
- geography
- science
- math
- poetry
- playwrights
- historians
- medicine
530
What is rhetoric?
The art of speakign well (and i thought it was a mean word)
531
What 2 things did they have in mind when they built thier temples?
They wanted it to have a sense of *otherness* and *beauty*. they wanted to create something above their kind
532
What were the gods of Greece like?
Thhey were very human. Micheivious silly billys
533
What was the oxymoron with respect to the Greeks and their gods?
They were rational folk believing in gods(of the gaps; ignorance gods)
534
Where did Drama originate?
All drama originated from religious festivals
535
what was as important as a briliant mind to the Greeks
A beautiful body
536
What were the greeks the first to do with respect to athletics?
First to eliviate Athelets to the position of a serious status
537
What was Socrates downfall?
He began questioning even the gods, and so the people put him on trial and executed him
538
What led to the downfall of Athens?
War with Sparta
539
Who was Croaesus?
King of Lydia who was famed for his generocity to the Greek sancuaries
540
What did Croesus ask the Oricle of Delphi and what was the Response?
If he should go to war with Persia, and the response a was that if he did a great nation would fall
541
What was the first domino leading to the Greece and Persian war?
The battle of Thymra
542
After askign the oricle, what battle did King Croesus start and waht was the result?
He fought at the Battle of Thymra and looses to Cyrus the Great
543
Who was Cyrus the Great?
First Persian king to attack greece
544
Why did King Darius originally attack Greece?
To punish them for their part in the Ionian Revolt
545
Which 2 Greek states did King Darius attack for participation in the Ionian Revolt?
Athens and Eretrin
546
Which athenian general was responisble for the Greek victory at marathon?
Miliades
547
What did Miltiades do at Marathon?
He convinced his fellwo commanders to attack
548
Who is King Xerxes?
King of Persia who attacked Greece after King Darius. Future husband of Ester
549
Who was Leonidas?
King of Sparta who led the spartan forces at Thermopylae and dies there
550
what was the hellespont?
A narrow sarait between the Greek mainland and asia minor
551
What was the congress of Corinth?
Meeting of Athens and Sparta to plan their defence against Persia?
552
What did Sparta had with it in battle?
The League of Peoponnesian states
553
Why is Ukraine lasting so long against Russia?
They have the home field advnatage
554
What was a Trireme?
A greek warship
555
What was the main weapon in a Trireme and how did it work?
It was a giant timber encased in bronze at the front and you would barge into other boats with it
556
Who was Mardonius?
Persian commander who dies at the Battle of Platea
557
Who was Pheidippiedes?
Made a 26 mile run to tell Athens of the victor at Marathon and to hold the city. He dies shortly after.
558
Who was Themistocles?
A Greek Commander
559
Who was Hydarnes?
The Commander of the Persian Immortals at Thermopylae
560
what was the only thing separating the Greeks from the Persians?
The sea
561
Speakign of the Greece and Persian War, What was working agaisnt the Greeks from the beggining?
They were weakened form fightign amongst themselves and Greese was much tiny compared to the huge Persian Empire
562
what 6 things did the Greeks have in their advantage over the Persians?
1. Tougher soldiers
2. Better tactics
3. Better weapons
4. Home field advantage
5. choice of battle-field
6. fighting for a cause
563
What had prevented ther Persian Empire from coming into earlier contact with the Ionian Greeks?
The Lydians had acted as a buffer, however, Croessu of Lydia attacked Cyrus the Great and lost.
564
"My army is so great that our arrows owuld cover the sun"
"Fine, the we will FIGHT IN THE SHADE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
565
ok approaching 600 guys
only 3 more packages and whatever is left on the reveiw !!!!
566
What brought the Ionian Greeks into direct conflict with the Persians?
Because Lydia fell there was no buffer anymore
567
what did aristagorus do in 499 B.C against the persians? ⭐
He led a revolt against the Persians
568
Who was Aristogorus?
Greek govenor of Miletus who in 499 B.C ⭐, led a revolt against Persia
569
Why was Persia upset with the Europen Greeks?
They interfeired on behalf of the Greeks in Asia Minor
570
What is Asia Minor today?
Turkey
571
Olives
taste pretty nice
572
What did Persia do to Miletus because of the Ionian Revolt?
Persia destroyed Miletus, and many of the men were killed, and the rest of the population was sent into exile
573
WHy was Perisa so harsh in it's response to the Ionian Revolt led by Miletus?
They wanted to send a message to anyone else hwo wanted to revolt
574
Which battle saved Athens, and some say, all of western civilization?
The battle of MArathon
575
What are you using whenever you believe a conclusion through inducive reasoning?
**Faith**
576
What is faith?
**trust**, not blind trust. Also faith and blind faith are not the same
577
What is trust built upon?
**Trust is built upon experience and evidence.** Ex. You trust Amazon cause it's worked so far. You don't trust the facebook marketplace guy cause he looks sussy
578
When you trust somebody/something, what kind of reasoning are you using to trust in them?
**Inductive reasoning** the evidence tells me it's worked to far (in most cases it's past experiences with them), so why not now?
579
In reading Herodotus, what problem was evidence with anchient writers?
The numbers were often exaggurated
580
Who was the Battle of Salamis/Salami between?
Persia and Greece
581
What happens to the PErsians after the Battle of Salamis?
They flee back to Persia
582
Who was the leader fo the Persians durign the Battle of Salamis?
Xerxes
583
Which Greek historian whote about the Persian wars with Greece?
Herodotus
584
ooooooo
philosophy tiem!!!!!!! yay!!!!! time to yap!!!! yay!!!!! pls read my random stuffs if your cools heehee!!!! yay11111 it's almsot 1 am😭this is the biggest one ahhhhhh ok ok ok hi hi hi goodlcuk tommorow hi hi hi i mena today yay ya ya psajfoisehf;oiaewhgwaoiuhgoawiuhwaerghwaurhgawesruogihawoi;ughwea;guwahguiowreahg;waerhgaw
585
Who was Demetrius of Pharleron and what did he do?
He was governor of Athens and he took a census of the slaves
586
Why didnt the slaves in Athens revolt?
They needed a leader. People don't do things unless they have a leader encouraging them
587
What is philosophy the sutdy of?
The study of **the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existance, especially when considered as an academic discipline
588
What does 'philosophy' literall mean?
'love of wisdom'
589
What does the Bible claim is the Beginning of wisdom?
**"the fear of the Lord'** - it might be hard to understand or get what it means but if the Bible is really the infallible Word of God as it claims to be, and you really want wisdom, it's a great idea to trya guess what that means
590
What is The Philosophical study of Epistomology?
They Theory of knowing; what distinguishes justified belief from opinion
591
What is Proto-Epistomology?
**Knowing things in history before they were supposed to be known to be true**. Ex. How did Genesis know at least 3000 years before the science was ever there, that the universe had a beggining? it's kinda jsut a historical study rather than philosophy but still very cool - bing ai made it with me :D (trust trust it'll be reallyin th cool int he future, we also got the Simsons with us)
591
What is The Philosophical study of Metaphysics?
The branch of **philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts** such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time and space
592
What is The Philosophical study of Axiology?
The study of the nature of value and valuation
593
What is The Philosophical study of Ethics?
The branch of knowledge that deals ith moral principles
594
What is The Philosophical study of Logic?
Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict pricniples of validity?
595
How many branches is the study of Philosophy traditionall divided into?
5
596
What are my favourite Philosophical brances?
Metaphysics, logic, ethics, axiology, and epistomology of course!!! their all so cool!!!!!!
597
What's something cool Albert Einstein said about Scientists and Philosophers?
"It has often been said, and certainly not without justification, that the man of science is a poor philosopher."
598
What's soemthing silly Stephan Hawkins did in regards to philosophy?
He writes a book that starts off with "Philosophy is *dead.* And it has been left to scientists to bear the torch of truth." And then he spends the rest of the book trying to prove why philosophy is dead. That's all!!!. Yup nothing else. Yup yup why woudl you expect him to add anyhting else? thats all!!!!! yupppppppppppppppppppppppp
599
Just because you good at science what does that **not** automatically make you?
a good philosopher!!! ---- so coudl *certain* scientists pleassssssss stop makign philosophical comementstejsnfteswjgeulsirgsaliwrugbewrsiugbwarliugbwealiubgwealiugbweaiugbwaeiluaghliuaethw4iluh4iwg8ti4gw3li4tgo784hwgtiuhuesghishgrse itsw 1 am i'm tireed eufhaewgiuhaerwiguhwaergouiawehgoiuweahgwaoeihgweaiohgwaeoi;ghwaeghwoaighawo;gha;wo it's not your studyyyyyyyyyyusfhosihgawehgaweriughwaghrg
600
according to science how are things valued (axiology)?
it can't tell us that 😭😭😭😭
601
Accordign to science why is it wrong to kill a human being (ethics)?
Science can't answer thatttt, it's not wrong to kill a person beacause science says so, it's wrong to kill a human beign becasue all human beings have intrinsic value (axiology)
602
why don't people care about philosophy anymroe :(((((((
it's so much cooler than stinky chemicals
603
What do Athiests Materialists believe?
All of existance is comprised of matter and anything else does not exists
604
What is the problem with our side fo the world today in regards to philosophjy?
People keep tryign to answert philosophical questions scientifically Ex. Anythign to do with morality; off the top of my head counciousness and free will too but science has helped with them but goign off solely by natural science seems silly
605
What do Athiest Materialist Deny?
**That you have a mind - rather you have a brain. No free will or free thoughts. you are not a thinking thing. Every thought is the result of random atoms clashing in your head, nothing else.**
606
What is the problem of the Athiest Materialist denial of the mind?
If you don't have a mind, and so the thoughts you have in your head are the result of random atoms clashing, how can you expect them to have any rashonality? How can you trust your own thoughs? The very thoughts that led you to such a conclusion.
607
What are you to judge a philosophy on and not on?
**Don't judge a philosophy by it's *abuse*, but by it's proper use.** Ex. Facism, capitalism, Christianity, perhaps peopel have abused such philosphies to get what they wanted selfishly - but that might not be what the philosophy is really about - or maybe it is, idk, check for youself
608
Can you get to the conclusion of a Materialistic universe though science?
**No**, science, by definition, isn't even about such a thing. Rather it's a philosophical claim one starts at before they commence science.
609
What's another problem with science and philosphy in recent years
They keep gettign jumbled togeather its sosooooooo annotyinggggggggg
610
What's an example of Philosphy gettign mingled with science unfourtunately?
**Evolution** - The idea of evolution is a *scientific* belief. The idea evolution *proves athesim* is a philosophical claim. The science behind evolution doesn't show that cause that's not what science is about. Their mixing philosophy and science up.
611
Why do i liek science?
**it's cool, it's a christian endevour after all, around 50% of Nobel prize winners in science of all catagories are christians! :) so it makes me glad** i think it's aroudn triple the amount of Athiests - not to say you pre-determined mindset *maaay or maaaay not* affect your science, buuuuut i think they won nobel prizes for a reason :D (second place is jews btw) (the statistic is of the last century of it's entriety)
612
hiya
i like to yap
613
okok what other random information do i have sittng in myh head
last 5 montsh was me tring ta learn alla this so yippy yippy yap yap
614
okok i'll fisnih the flash cards it's almsot 2 am
aoifjewoipgnjaognhagwag i drnak tea with the *slightest* bit of expresso
615
What were the 2 questions that early Greek philosophers dealt with?
1. The nature and origin of the universe
2. What we can really know for certain
616
What started with Thales of Miletus?
**Western Philosophy**. Thales was the founder
617
What did Thales of Miletus do that was noteworthy?
He predicted an eclipse
618
What problem did Thales of Miletus try to solve?
The philosophical problem of the one and the many
619
What was the Philosophical Problem of the One and the Many?
**It was the relationship between unity and diversity.** We live in a univers that has a muntitude of diverse objects, yet it's all one universe. How does so many different things come from one thing?
620
If there is *What*, then there has to be soemthign that provides unity?
Order
621
According to thales of Miletus, what was the beggining of life?
Arche
622
What deos Arche mean/
water
623
What is the philospohicl idea of arche?
the belief that Arche is the ulitmate reality; that which everythign comes
624
Waht 3 things did the arche need to account for?
1. Being
2. Life
3. Motion
625
In philosophy, what is Being?
Continued existance
626
everythhign at rest will stay at rest, yet everything moves.
Something must have caused the first motion; an uncaused first cause if required for the first movement
627
As for motion, waht substance did Thales of Miletus have to look for?
He had to look for **a substance that is hylozoistic**
628
What does Hylozoistic mean?
**self-propelled;** has the ability to move itself
629
What odd thign did Thales look for answer from?
In creation itself. He expected to find the answer to creation in the created. **Thales was searching for "creation out of *what*, not creation out of *who*"**
630
what were some of the anchient greek philosophers the first of?
The first athiests
631
Who was Anaximenes and waht did he challenge adn waht did he beleive instead?
He was a Greek philosopher who challanged the idea of water being the ultimate reality and though it was air instead
632
What 4 things did Thales students expand the ultimate reality to?
**The 4 elements**, fire, earth, water, air
633
But then everythign changed
when the fire nation attacked
634
What was the problem of the ultimate Realitity being mutlipl things? ANd what did this lead to
You would end up with diversitty with no unity behind. This led to the seach for the fifth essence
635
Fire, Earth, Ice, and lightning, but what was worthy instead of these 4?
The Green Ninja!!!!!! LLoyd!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NINJAAAA GOOOOOOOOO1!1111111!!!!!!
636
What did Anaximander believe was the ultimate reality?
Apeiron
637
What does Apeiron mean?
That which is boundless and agless
638
What did the idea of Apeiron lead to?
The embrace of monism
639
What is monism?
the belef that all reality is one.
640
What does monism lead to?
Panthesim
641
What is the belief of Patheists?
That God *is* the universe or regards the uniiverse as a manifestation of God
642
What is the beleif of Pluralism?
Realitiy can't be reduced to a single substance or essence
643
What did Democritus beleive was the ininfate unit of reality?
The atom
644
what does Atom mean?
unity
645
What is dualism?
The beleife that **realitiy is reduced to 2 equal, opposite forces** Ex. Yin and Yang
646
What did Heraclitus state and was first to think?
"Everything that exists is in a state of flux." - first to think about the idea of 'becoming' as opposed to 'being'
647
What did Parmenides state and what did he mean by it?
"Whever is, is." - whatever acutally is real cannot be changing; whatever does change never truely *is*
648
What did arostotle beleive about being and becoming?
**he denied it** Believe nothing is purely potential; nothing can be only becoming
649
Who was Zeno and what did he make famous?
He was the student f Parmenides who made famous the argument of *reductio ad absurdum*
650
What is the argumet o f*reductio ad absurdum?
it is the argumentation that starts off by showign you what it's like if you do deny it
651
What does Sophia mean?
Wizdom
652
What is Philosophy in Greeek?
Phileo Sophia
653
Who were the Sophists?
Philosophers who sold their services as teachers for welthy youth
654
What was the job of the Sophists to teach?
Persuasion, not truth
655
Who was Protagoras of Abdera and what did he do?
He was a Sophist who tried to throw out all previous standards of tryign to judge what is rigth and wrong. He argued human beings themseves set all such standards for judgment
656
What is Protagoras Abdera considered today?
The father of humanism
657
What is the problem of humanism?
**If it is true human kind gets to decide for themselves what is right and wrong, for some treatign others their neighbor as themselves is the good way to go, for others eating their neighbor is the way to go. It leaves it all to subjective choice - and that's really dangerous - You can *never* say your morals are ever more correct than any other folks morals - if it is true all morals are human made ** - if one disagrees with this, they believe in an objective moral law that they are comparing their own morality to, to say which man's is closer to that standard
658
What does Homo Mensura mean?
Man is the Measure of All things
659
what was Protagoras of Abdera charged with and so what does he do?
He was charged with Atheism and so he flees Athens
660
Hesiod
Wrote the theogony
661
Theseus and Ariadne
Daughter of king minis who fell ok love with Theseus and helped him defeat the Minotaur and escape the labrinth
