i. rule of law

Question 1

two types of law

Answer 1

criminal and civil

Question 2

crimes committed against individuals are considered an offense against the __.

Answer 2

state

Question 3

a violation of civil laws and considered a private matter between individuals

Answer 3

tort

Question 4

sherrif’s office takes care of these laws

Answer 4

civil

Question 5

if the offender is considered responsible (___), they have committed a tort.

Answer 5

liable

Question 6

the body of law that defines criminal offenses and their penalties; governs what people may legally do and not do.

Answer 6

substantive

Question 7

the body of law that govens the ways in which the substantive laws are administered; how they’re arrested, searched, interrogated, tried, and punished.

Answer 7

procedural

Question 8

refers to the legitimate source of the criminal law; only violations of rules made by the state are crimes

Answer 8

politicality

Question 9

refers to the scope of criminal law; civil law can be general in scope but criminal law should have strict definitions of specific acts.

Answer 9

specificity

Question 10

the applicability of the criminal law to all persons

Answer 10

regularity

Question 11

reforms to the way in which the criminal law should be enforced

Answer 11

uniformity

Question 12

the principle that violators will be punished or at least threatened with punishments by the state.

Answer 12

penal sanction

Question 13

pay victim back to make them whole again

Answer 13

restitution

Question 14

the first laws were created about ___ years ago.

Answer 14

five thousand

Question 15

number of laws from the code of hammurabi

Answer 15

two hundred and eighty-five

Question 16

the criminal law of the us, for the most part, is derived from _______.

Answer 16

the laws of england

Question 17

the decision that forms a potential basis for deciding the outomes of similar cases in the future

Answer 17

precedent

Question 18

the principle of using precendents to guide future decisions in court cases

Answer 18

stare decisis

Question 19

the laws of cities and towns

Answer 19

ordinances

Question 20

officers must have ___ before a judicial officer can leagally issue a search or arrest warrant

Answer 20

probable cause

Question 21

officers seeking a search warrant must specify in a signed ___ (a written and sworn declaration, and the facts that establish probable cause)

Answer 21

affidavit

Question 22

search warrants are _____ to be served in a reasonable time

Answer 22

required

Question 23

maryland officers have ____ days to serve warrants

Answer 23

fifteen

Question 24

judges can authorize ________ warrants in suspicion of dangerous suspect or weapons

Answer 24

“no knock”

Question 25

in the course of conducting a legal search, officers discover _____ or evidence of a crime not covered by the warrant, they may seize that evidence under the ________ exeption.

Answer 25

i. contraband | ii. plain-view

Question 26

most arrests are made without a ____

Answer 26

warrant

Question 27

and arrest warrent is issured to someone if substantial and trustworthy evidence supports these two conclusion

Answer 27

i. a violation of the law that has been committed | ii. the person to be arrested committed the violation

Question 28

the ___ amendment requres a warrant signed by a judge to authorize a search for seizure of evidence of criminal activity

Answer 28

fourth

Question 29

before '69, an officer arrested a suspect they could legally search, without a warrant, the entire premises surrounding the arrest. this is called __________.

Answer 29

search incident to arrest

Question 30

_____ v. ___________, the supreme court lilmited the scope of seraches incident to arrest. they restricted areas searched to the area within the suspect's immediate control.

Answer 30

Chimel v. California

Question 31

_____ v. ________, officers may search the passenger compartment and contents of any opened orclosed containers in the compartment.

Answer 31

New York v. Belton

Question 32

_____ v. _____, added the trunk.

Answer 32

US v. Boss

Question 33

__________ v. __________, allowed police, with pc, to search the passenger's belongings.

Answer 33

Wyoming v. Houghton

Question 34

__________ v. _____, relooked Belton. can only search passenger compartment during an arrest if it is reasonable belive that arrestee might access the vehicle at any time or if it contains evidence of the offense.

Answer 34

Arizona v. Gant

Question 35

___ v. __, plain-view doctrine

Answer 35

Harris v. US

Question 36

_____ v. _____, protective sweeps.

Answer 36

Maryland v. Buie

Question 37

allows officers more freedom to search or enter a room if they thing of danger; hot pursuit of suspects; prevent the imminent destruction of evidence

Answer 37

exigent circumstances doctrine

Question 38

__________________ v. _________, concent searches

Answer 38

Schenckloth v. Bustamonte

Question 39

standard of proof with least certainty (gut feeling)

Answer 39

mere suspicion

Question 40

more than a gut feeling, ability to articulate reasons for the suspicion.

Answer 40

reasonable suspicion

Question 41

the amount of proof necessary for a reasonably intelligent person to believe that a crime has been committed or that items connected with criminal activiy can be found in a particulat place; proof necessary to make an arrest.

Answer 41

probable cause

Question 42

evidence that more likely than not outweighs the opposing evidence, or sufficient evidence to overcome doubt or speculation

Answer 42

preponderance of evidence

Question 43

necessary to find a defendant guilty in a criminal trial

Answer 43

beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 44

_________ v. _______, the court upheld the definition of reasonable doubt

Answer 44

Sandoval v. California

Question 45

the standard of proof required for a judicial officer to deny bail in cases involving capital felonies

Answer 45

presumption great OR proof evident

Question 46

amount needed to win a lawsuit

Answer 46

fifty-one percent

Question 47

amount needed to win a criminal case

Answer 47

ninety-five percent