IAEA Prelim Exam Mod3 Flashcards
What is the primary safety objective in nuclear safety?
To prevent people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation
This includes controlling the radiation from nuclear reactors and other sources.
What does nuclear safety aim to control?
Control over a nuclear reactor core, chain reaction, or any other source of radiation
Effective control is essential to prevent accidents and ensure safety.
What is a key aspect of nuclear safety besides prevention?
Mitigate consequences if such events occur
This involves having emergency procedures and responses in place.
What are the three principles of Nuclear Power Plant Safety?
Control of reactivity, removal of heat from the core, confinement of radioactive materials
These principles ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants.
What are the three conditions that must be met in terms of design for nuclear power plants?
- Design must prevent accidents and mitigate effects if they occur
- Construction must be free of major defects
- Operation must be carefully organized and managed by trained professionals
These conditions are crucial for ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants.
What are the primary barriers for Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)?
- Core matrix
- Fuel cladding containing radioactive material in extreme conditions
- Containment structure
These barriers are essential to prevent the release of radioactive materials.
What does the philosophy of ‘defense in depth’ entail for reactors?
Multiple backup systems are required
This philosophy enhances safety by providing multiple layers of protection.
Name three major nuclear incidents mentioned.
- Three Mile Island
- Chernobyl
- Fukushima
These incidents highlight the importance of safety measures in nuclear power plants.
Fill in the blank: The removal of _______ from the core is one of the principles of Nuclear Power Plant Safety.
heat
Effective heat removal is vital to prevent overheating and potential accidents.
What is nuclear security?
Defined as the prevention, detection of, and response to theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material, or other radioactive substances.
Nuclear security is essential for protecting nuclear materials and facilities from potential threats.
True or False: International cooperation is one of the essential elements of nuclear security.
True
International cooperation and assistance are vital for enhancing nuclear security globally.
Fill in the blank: The _______ of nuclear material is an essential element of a proper nuclear security regime.
International transport
Safe and secure international transport of nuclear materials is critical to prevent illicit activities.
What does the element ‘detection of severe security events’ refer to?
It refers to the capability to identify and respond to significant security incidents involving nuclear materials.
This element is crucial for timely intervention and mitigation of threats.
What is meant by ‘planning for, preparedness, response to events’ in nuclear security?
It involves developing strategies and procedures to effectively respond to security incidents involving nuclear materials.
Preparedness ensures that organizations can efficiently handle potential security threats.
What role does ‘legislative and regulatory framework’ play in nuclear security?
It establishes the legal basis and guidelines for nuclear security measures and responsibilities.
A strong framework is necessary for enforcing nuclear security laws and regulations.
What are Nuclear Safeguards?
A set of technical measures applied by IAEA on nuclear activities to ensure they are not misused
IAEA stands for International Atomic Energy Agency.
What treaty is established in relation to Nuclear Safeguards?
Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
The NPT aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
What are the primary activities involved in Safeguards?
Collecting & evaluating activities and drawing safeguards
These activities ensure compliance with nuclear non-proliferation.
What is involved in the implementation of Safeguards?
Developing state-level approaches
Planning and conducting safeguards
Evaluate activities
Collect and evaluate
This includes tailoring safeguards to the specific context of each state.
What is the body of legal norms created to regulate conduct related to nuclear activities?
Nuclear Law
Regulates activities involving fissionable materials, ionizing radiation, and exposure to natural sources of radiation.
What does the legal framework for nuclear safety include?
Conventions and regulations such as:
* Convention on Nuclear Safety
* Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management
* Conventions on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident
* IAEA regulations for safe transport of radioactive material
What is the 1979 Convention focused on?
Physical protection of nuclear material
This convention addresses the security measures for nuclear materials.
What does the legal framework for IAEA safeguards entail?
Comprehensive safeguards agreement with non-nuclear weapon states party to the NPT
This framework aims to ensure that nuclear materials are not diverted to military uses.
What is the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability related to?
Nuclear liability
This convention establishes liability for nuclear damage and provides a framework for compensation.
