IB Biology: Level 11 - Carbohydrates 2.3

Question 1

Amylopectin

Answer 1

branched polymer of glucose found in plants as one of the two components of starch (the other being amylose).

Question 2

Amylose

Answer 2

a polysaccharide found in plants as one of the two components of starch. Unbranched, forms a helix

Question 3

Cellulose

Answer 3

a polysaccharide with the formula (C6H10O5)n, consisting of a linear chain of between several hundred to over ten thousand units. Unable to be digested by humans

Question 4

Condensation

Answer 4

formation of larger molecules involving the removal of water from smaller component molecules.

Question 5

Disaccharide

Answer 5

a sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides joined by condensation.

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

a highly branched polymer of glucose that is mainly produced in liver and muscle cells, and functions as secondary long-term energy storage in animal cells.

Question 7

Lactose

Answer 7

a disaccharide sugar that is commonly found in milk and consists of galactose and glucose.

Question 8

Maltose

Answer 8

a disaccharide formed when two glucose monomers join together.

Question 9

Monomers

Answer 9

consist of a single component of a macromolecule.

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

the simplest form of carbohydrate (for example fructose, glucose, and ribose) that constitutes the building blocks of a more complex form of sugars.

Question 11

Polymer

Answer 11

a compound made up of several repeating units (monomers).

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

a complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.

Question 13

Starch

Answer 13

a polysaccharide (C6H10O5)n found in plants that consists of a large number of glucose monosaccharides. Can be amylose or amylopectin

Question 14

Sucrose

Answer 14

a disaccharide composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose.

Question 15

Galactose

Answer 15

Monosaccharide commonly found in milk products. Forms part of lactose.

Question 16

Fructose

Answer 16

Pentose monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey

Question 17

Glycosidic bond

Answer 17

Type of bond created during the joining of monosaccharides

Question 18

Soluble in Water

Answer 18

Sugars (carbs) are water soluble as monomers and dimers, easy to transport in body

Question 19

Hydrophobic

Answer 19

Lipids are not soluble in water - difficult to transport in body

Question 20

High ATP (energy) yield

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

Low ATP (energy) yield

Answer 21

Carbohydrates

Question 22

Easily digested in body

Answer 22

Carbs (Glycogen)

Question 23

Less easily digested

Answer 23

Lipids (triglycerides)