IB History #5 QRT3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Axis Powers
Aliliance of GIJ during…
Alliance of:
-Germany
- Italy
- Japan during World War II
Allied Powers
Alliance of:
- Great Britain
- Soviet Union
- United States
- China
- France
- during World War II.
Total War
When a country devotes all their resources toward winning a war.
Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations.
League of Nations
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson at the conclusion of WWI, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.
collective security
A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all
Weimar Republic
German republic founded after WWI and the downfall of the German Empire’s monarchy.
Diktat
The German term for the Treaty of Versailles which they were forced to sign without being allowed to negotiate any of the details. This was an important factor in the anti-Versailles resentment of later years.
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I. The Nov. 1918 armistice was signed by Germany based on a US proposal of peace term. However, not all of the Fourteen Points were honored.
Demilitarization (Treaty of Versailles)
The peace treaty forced Germany to accept a small army of 100,000 men and placed limitations on warships, submarines and armored vehicles. The Rhineland had to remain free of German military.
Territorial loss (Treaty of Versailles)
The loss of a major city (Danzig) and the Polish Corridor put some Germans under Polish rule. The loss of other areas like Alsace-Lorraine and the Saarland had economic consequences.
Great Depression
The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a temporary success, but the dependency on US loans was disastrous to the German economy after the 1929 stock market crash.
Washington Naval Conference
Called to Convened from November 1921 to February 1922, by Warren G. Harding. The Washington Naval Conference brought many powerful nations together to discuss limits on naval armaments. Delegates were worried about the economic liability of a naval arms race and the threat of an expansionist Japan. The Five-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty and the Four-Power Treaty all resulted from this conference.
Rapallo Treaty
This was a treaty between Germany and the USSR formed in 1922, at a time when both countries were international pariahs. It provided for economic and military cooperation. Germany gave the USSR much-needed technical expertise and equipment, and the USSR let Germany design and train with forbidden weapons such as tanks on its soil. Although the exact terms of the treaty weren’t known, its existence made Britain more willing to compromise with Germany for fear of driving Germany into a closer relationship with the USSR.
Geneva Protocol of 1925
Thirty eight member nations signed this protocol which prohibited the use of biological and chemical weapons in armed international conflict. Many countries found loopholes to violate this protocol, despite their attempt to make war more humanized.
Locarno Conference
This was a 1925 conference in which France and Germany signed a treaty that guaranteed their boundary. The two countries also agreed not to attack each other in the future.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another; attempt to outlaw use of war “as an instrument of policy”
Fascism
A far-right political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
War Guilt Clause
A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI
