IBEC and Laser stateboard Flashcards
(249 cards)
1
Q
Laser stands for?
A
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
2
Q
Distance measured in nanometers between two peaks?
A
Wavelength
3
Q
What is laser light?
A
Monochromatic Light
4
Q
Refraction is only known as what?
A
Transmission
5
Q
A newly created photon of light acquires energy equal to photons?
A
Stimulated Emission
6
Q
Who theorized stimulated emission?
A
Albert Einstein
7
Q
Alexandrite laser is in the visible light spectrum at what wavelength?
A
755nm
8
Q
The Nd:YAG laser falls in the invisible light spectrum at what wavelength?
A
1064.3nm
9
Q
What type of wave is used in laser hair removal?
A
Pulsed Wave
10
Q
A Chromophore is also known as?
A
Target
11
Q
A Chromophore ABSORBS what?
A
Energy
12
Q
Goggles are approved by?
A
ANSI (American National Standard Institute)
13
Q
Each laser wavelength is?
A
Specific
14
Q
What are the parameters when doing laser hair removal?
A
Wavelength, spot size, fluence, and pulse width.
15
Q
Pulsed lasers allow for selective heating of specific targets known as?
A
Selective Photothermolysis
16
Q
Amount of ENERGY delivered within a given area is?
A
Fluence
17
Q
Increase in fluence equals an increase in what?
A
Heat
18
Q
LENGTH OF TIME the light/energy is in contact with the target is?
A
Pulse width or Pulse duration
19
Q
Time of pulse duration is CHANGED from milliseconds to nanoseconds is?
A
Q Switched
20
Q
A Q Switched laser is used for what?
A
Tattoo removal
21
Q
Which skin types can tolerate an Nd:YAG?
A
All skin types
22
Q
Which skin type can only have electrolysis?
A
Type 1 Fitzpatrick
23
Q
Which skin types can tolerate an Alex laser?
A
Fitzpatrick 1-3
24
Q
Pulse width greater than the thermal relaxation time is?
A
A Burn
25
Pulse width that is less than or equal to the thermal relaxation time is?
Perfect hair removal
26
Larger hair structures have what thermal relaxation time?
Longer
27
Smaller hair structures have what thermal relaxation time?
Shorter
28
Pulse widths protect the epidermis, penetrate deeper, and cool more slowly are?
Long
29
Longer pulse widths are for what skin types?
Fitzpatrick 4-6
30
What pulse widths are more aggressive and heat up and cool down quickly?
Short
31
Shorter pulse widths are for what skin type?
Fitzpatrick 1-3
32
Percentage of follicles damaged with each laser treatment?
15%
33
Long term stable REDUCTION of growing hairs after a treatment?
Laser Hair Removal
34
What are the appendages of the skin?
Hair, nails, sebaceous gland, and sudoriferous gland.
35
What are the layers of the hair?
(here, she, hugs, hens)
Hair, sheath, Huxley's, Henleys.
36
What are in the Pilosebaceous Unit? (appendages of the hair)
Hair bulb, hair shaft, hair root, hair follicle, hair papilla, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili.
37
What is Fitzpatrick I?
Skin always burns and never tans.
38
What is Fitzpatrick II?
Skin burns easily and tans minimally.
39
What is Fitzpatrick III?
Skin tans moderately and tans gradually.
40
What is Fitzpatrick IV?
Skin rarely burns and always tans well.
41
What is Fitzpatrick V?
Skin rarely or never burns and tans profusely.
42
What is Fitzpatrick VI?
Skin never burns and is deeply pigmented and least sensitive to sun exposure.
43
What is the Blend in electrolysis?
Direct current an high frequency; 1/4 galvanic and 3/4 heat; needle vase shape.
44
What is Galvanic in electrolysis?
two by products are Hydrogen and chlorine gas; Needle is negative and anode is positive (hand held); needle creates LYE and anode creates hydrochloric acid (itchy); needle is column shape.
45
What is Thermolysis in electrolysis?
High Frequency; pear shape; desiccation (drying); heat.
46
15 U.L (units of lye)
shallow hair; vellus;
(Cheeks and lips)
47
45 U.L (units of lye)
vellum medium hair;
(side of face, chin, and arms)
48
60 U.L (units of lye)
terminal hair;
women = chin and legs
men = back and shoulders
49
80 U.L (units of lye)
deep terminal hair; mens beard
50
What determines size of the probe?
Hair diameter, shape, and size.
51
If a client has an allergy to the stainless steel needle what do you use?
Gold needle
52
Needle/ probe sizes?
1-6
women 1-3
men 4-6
53
What has an insulated needle?
Blend and thermolysis
54
What is the most common probe to use in electrolysis?
Standard cylindrical; 2 piece
55
What is the angle of needle insertion for electrolysis?
45 degrees
56
Angle of laser hand held piece is?
90 degrees
57
How much do you overlap in laser?
30%
58
What are non critical items?
desk, chair, mag.lamp, insulated plastic covered cord, etc...
59
What are semi-critical items?
plastic caps
60
What are critical items?
needles, tweezers, etc...
61
What are the structures of the hair shaft?
Medulla, Cortex, and Cuticle
62
What does the medulla do?
reflects light; DNA
63
What does the cortex do?
Gives its color; melanin
64
What does the cuticle do?
strength and texture
65
Hypertrichosis?
Both in men and women
66
Hirsutisim?
ONLY in women
67
What follicle shape is for straight hair?
Round shape
68
What follicle shape is for wavy hair?
Oval shape
69
What follicle shape does kinky hair have?
Flat shape
70
What percentage of alcohol is used as a disinfectant?
70%
71
Medicine that influences hair growth?
Birth Control
72
Amount of hair per square centimeter?
Hair density
73
If the hair has a high density, what fluence do you use?
Lower fluence
74
Darker/tanned skin requires what kind of fluence?
Lower fluence
75
What should you never use to clean the client's skin before laser hair removal?
Alcohol
76
Who is the grandfather of laser and was the first person to use water to cool the skin during laser?
Rox Anderson
77
For deeper laser penetration what should you use?
Bigger spot size
78
The primary reason for using cooling devices (cryogen) during laser hair removal?
To allow for higher and more effective fluences to be used while sparing the epidermis.
79
During the initial consultation, the patient should be informed that the process will take how long?
A series of treatments
80
Laser is equivalent to what modalities?
Thermolysis
81
What are the positive reactions to the skin indicating a successful laser hair removal treatment?
Perifollicular Erythema and Perifollicular Edema.
82
A requirement for foot switches is?
Hooded
83
The effect of skin turning red after treatment is?
Erythema
84
When tissue has been injured, fluid escapes the blood vessels to surround the damaged tissue?
Edema (swelling)
85
The common type of laser used for hair removal?
Pulsed
86
Laser is ineffective on hair that has?
little to no pigment
87
The energy level of a laser, measured in joules is?
Energy Fluence
88
Optical density labeling on laser safety eyewear refers to?
400 UVA; the degree to which a refractive medium retards transmitted rays of light.
89
Which part of the body is most vulnerable to laser light?
Eyes
90
What is the chromophore when using the Nd:YAG laser for hair removal?
Melanin in the hair shaft and bulb
91
What is the FDA class that presents both a direct and reflect hazard?
Class IV (4)
92
Hair removal lasers are effective on which types of hair follicles?
Curved, distorted, and straight. (ALL)
93
What is most likely the cause of red, itchy bumps in the treatment area 10-14 days after a patient's laser hair removal treatment?
Detached hair becoming trapped under the skin
94
Laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in what stage of development?
Telogen
95
The voluntary nationally recognized group establishing standards for equipment use is?
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
96
What are some types of Epidermal cooling?
Bulk-gel topical contact and cryogen spray
97
Laser hair removal on clients with Fitzpatrick V (5) and Fitzpatrick VI (6) requires?
Longer wavelengths; Nd:YAG 1064nm
98
Who is considered to be the "father of laser" in medicine?
Leon Goldman
99
Components of laser include?
Flashlamp/high-intensity non-coherent light source, laser medium, fiber optics, and lenses.
100
What are the properties of light when it reacts with tissue?
Scatter, Transmission, Absorption, and Reflection.
101
Longer laser lengths, penetrate the tissue?
Deeper
102
An increase in color in cells post treatment is referred to as?
Hyperpigmentation
103
What is the waiting period before laser treatment after a client stops taking Accutane?
6 months
104
The duration of the pulse from a laser is known as?
Pulse Width
105
What is the most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair removal?
Cooling the skin; cryogen
106
What is the correct definition of "chromophore" as it relates to laser treatment in general?
The object that absorbs the light energy.
(referring to the melanin/hair shaft)
107
What can occur with excess heating of the skin?
Hypo/Hyperpigmentation
108
A basic Fitzpatrick scale takes into account what?
Skin color, Natural hair color, and sensitivity to the sun.
109
For best results during laser hair removal treatments, follicles should be in what stage?
Late Anagen
110
What is the primary reason that multiple treatments are necessary for laser hair removal?
The hairs are in different growth stages.
111
What is a lesion?
abnormal mark, wound; structured changes in the tissue caused by injury or damage.
112
Freckles are?
Lentigines and flat
113
What is Hypotropy?
sunken; pitted scar
114
What is Hypertrophy?
Raised; keloid
115
What is the range for VISIBLE LIGHT in the electromagnetic spectrum?
390-700 nanometers
116
The Ruby Laser produces light at which wavelength?
694nm
117
What is then most common skin cancer and least severe?
Basal Cell carcinoma
118
Most deadliest skin cancer is?
Malignant Melanoma
119
Benign (mole) is?
not harmful
120
Psoriasis is?
Silver, scaly, shiny
121
Acne is?
Triggered by hormones; Inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands.
122
Squamous cell carcinoma?
Most common and more number of deaths
123
Papules are?
Red inflamed
124
Pustules are?
Pus and infection filled
125
Cysts are?
Deep pocket of infection; only treated by physician.
126
Cocci is?
round shaped; grows in chains
(Ex. Streptococci)
127
Bacilli is?
Rod shaped; most common; most deadly.
Ex. Tuberculosis
128
Spirilla is?
corkscrew shaped
Ex. Syphillis
129
Hepatitis targets what part of the body?
The liver
130
TB (Tuberculosis)
the most heat resistant and deadliest
131
What are the 3 levels of disinfection?
High, Intermediate, and Low.
132
High- sterilization is?
Autoclave and Dry Heat Sterilization; includes critical items that come to contact with blood.
133
What are the temperatures for Autoclave sterilization and what is it?
Steam under pressure;
* Unpackaged: 15-20min @ 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 celsius) 15psi
* Packaged: 30min @ 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 celsius) 15psi
134
What is Dry Heat Sterilization and temperatures?
* 170 Celsius @ (340 degrees Fahrenheit) for 1Hr.
* 160 celcius @ (320 degrees Fahrenheit) for 2Hrs.
135
What is Intermediate Disinfection?
Process where bacteria are destroyed = all spores are alive; Includes semi-critical items that come into contact with body fluids.
136
What is Low disinfection?
Process where activity and multiplication of bacteria stops.
137
What is a Hospital grade disinfetant?
Disinfects environmental surfaces; Ex. alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, glutaraldehyde, etc...
138
What classification identifies the nerve cell as it's host cell?
Herperviral
139
Nerves which carry impulses to nerve centers are called?
Afferent
140
Best setting for DRY HEAT sterilization?
340 degrees Fahrenheit for 1hr.
141
Supercilia refers to?
Eyebrows
142
Who was the first scientist to invent high frequency waves?
Hertz
143
OHM is the unit of?
Resistance
144
Metabolic rate is determined by?
Level of thyroxine in the thyroid glands.
145
A honey colored crust which indicates healing is called?
Eschar
146
Primary component of hair fiber is?
Keratin
147
Another name associated with (Galvanic) electrolysis is?
Chemical Decomposition
148
The negative pole is also known as?
Cathode
149
The organ made up of loose connective tissue that nourishes the hair is also known as?
Dermal Papilla
150
Bacteria in spore form is?
Non productive
151
Bacteria are?
Vegetable
152
The typical mode of transmission for HIV is?
Feces, sexual fluid, and Blood
153
Objective symptom is?
Rash
154
What is the function of the hormone calcitomine is?
regulate calcium in the blood
155
What are the three factors that determine the electrical performance of the needle?
length, diameter, and shape
156
What is the shape of the heating pattern of the blend?
Vase shape
157
the epidermal layer that is constantly being shed is known as what layer?
Cornium
158
AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current)
Rectifier
159
Phase mitosis involved in the alignment of chromosomes?
Metaphase
160
Two by products of electrolysis are?
Hydrogen gas and Chlorine gas
161
During the galvanic process the accidental use of the positive pole will produce all except?
Sodium hydroxide; negative
162
Most thermolysis epilators use?
13.5 mghtz
163
The process of adding or removing electrons is known as?
Ionization
164
The most common staph infection is?
A boil
165
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum Corner
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosm
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basal Layer/Germinitivum
166
What does the Germinitivum have?
It has the melanin
167
What are the two layers of the Dermis?
Papillary layer and Reticular layer
168
What does the stratum corneum have?
Dead skin cells
169
What does the Stratum Spinosum have?
Langerhan cells (skin's 1st line of defense)
170
What does the Basal layer (germinativum) have?
Merkle cells (light pressure)
171
What does the papillary layer have?
Meissners corpusles;
(regular pressure);
sensitive to touch
172
What does the Reticular Layer have?
Pacinian corpuscles;
(deep pressure)
173
Subcutis is contains what?
Fat - Adipose
174
What does the Stratum Lucidum have?
translucent; only found at the soles of the hands an feet.
175
Dermis is also referred to?
Cutis, correct, and true skin
176
Another name for Epidermis?
Epithelium
177
What is mitosis?
Cell division of skin and hair cells; cells continuously dividing into halves which grow into full size cells.
178
What is meiosis?
Cell division of sex cell; the number of chromosomes are reduced by half.
179
What is the Interphase?
Resting phase; cells get bigger or mature
180
What is the Prophase?
Chromosomes organize; nucleus disappears
181
What is the Metaphase?
Chromosomes are aligned in a line
182
What is the Anaphase?
Separation inside the cell
183
What is the Telaphase?
Separation outside the cell and cell division is almost complete.
184
After probe selection, the electrologists first priority is to determine the?
Depth of the Anagen hairs in treatment.
185
What percentage is alcohol a antiseptic?
30%
186
The adrenal cortex produces hormones called?
Steroids
187
The most painful area on the body is generally?
On the center line
188
A newly formed anagen hair that remains in a treated follicle is?
Tombstone
189
Adult condition caused by chicken pox is?
Herpes Zoster and Molluscum Contagiosm
190
What layer of the hair has imbrications (layers)?
The cuticle
191
Where is the reticular layer found?
Dermis
192
What is Acromegaly?
Characterized by the enlargement of the hands, feet, and face caused by an over secretion of the pituitary gland hormone. (Adults)
193
What hairs are associated with the deepest follicles?
Terminal and grey
194
Which IS NOT associated with the Pilosebaceous unit?
Sudoriferous gland
195
What is the correct sequence to wash hands?
Wash hands, put on gloves, give treatment, take off gloves, and wash hands.
196
What are the terms to describe the second layer of the skin?
True skin, corium, and dermis.
197
The phase of mitosis where the nucleus is resting?
Interphase
198
What is the deepest stage of hair growth?
Anagen 6
199
The most numerous type of pathogenic bacteria are?
rod shaped
200
Sterilizers should be checked and tested?
each month
201
What is a spore?
Tough outer covering to resist heat, cold, and disinfectants.
202
What is an example of a ductless gland?
Parathyroid
203
When two or more hairs with separate papillas sharing the same follicle is?
Pili-miltigemini
204
A Cancer that begins in the melanocytes and spreads to internal organs?
Melanoma
205
The layer that influences the color tone of hair by reflecting light?
Medulla
206
This condition is also known as PCOS
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
207
What is known as the "mask of pregnancy?"
Melasma
208
Saprophytes live on?
Dead matter
209
What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary or "master gland."
Thyrotropin, ACTH, and gonadotropins.
210
What is Red-Brown rough scaling macule caused by sun exposure?
Actinic Keratosis
211
The causes of hirsutism include which of the following?
Pituitary Hypersecretion, Adrenal Tumors, and Ovarian Tumors.
212
What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
Dowagers hump, Moon face, and Amenorrhea.
213
What is associated with the lymphatic system?
Fights disease and sift impurities from the blood.
214
Round shaped bacteria connected in chains are called?
Streptococcus
215
What two categories is HSV (herpes simplex virus) divided into?
Type I (above the waist)
Type II (below the waist)
216
What is the function of Mitochondria?
provides energy on a cellular level
217
A chemical agent that can destroy most bacteria and slow down its multiplication is called?
Disinfectant
218
The term idiopathic hirsutism refers to?
hair growth of an unknown origin
219
An enlargement of the skin due to multiplication of cells?
Hypertrophy
220
The function of the parathyroid gland is?
to regulate calcium in the body
221
Microorganisms that cause disease are?
Pathogens
222
A person with a goiter will have increased secretion of?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
223
List hair follicle layers in the correct order from inner to outward?
Here (Hair cuticle)
She (Sheath)
Hugs (Huxley)
Hens (Henley)
224
Milia and seatoma are conditions associated with which of the following glands?
Sebaceous
225
The electrologist should advise a patient who is taking phenytoin (dilation) that this medication may?
Cause hair growth
226
What are the causes of hirsutism include?
Pituitary hyper secretion, adrenal tumors, and ovarian tumors.
227
A virus needs?
a host cell to reproduce
228
The body's ability to resist invasion and destroy bacteria is known as?
Immunity
229
Bacteria that move freely from place to place (bacilli) are?
Mobile
230
Hair grows out of a depression in the epidermis known as?
Follicle
231
Hair density refers to?
number of hairs per square centimeter
232
Aquired immunity is?
Partially inherited and partly developed through hygienic practices.
233
What are the functions of the skin?
Elimination
Protection
Excretion
Sensation
Aborption
Heat Regulation
234
Immunization against HBV lasts?
15 years
235
Dermatitis Artifacta is?
lesions produced by the patients
236
What are the five layers of the epidermis?
Germinitivum
Spinosum
granulosum
lucidum
corneum
237
Where does vellum hair begin it's growth?
lobe of the sebaceous gland
238
What glands share a pore with ambosexual hair?
Apocrine Glands
239
What are sensory nerves?
Afferent nerves that carry messages from the sense organs.
(Ex. heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, and taste.)
240
What are motor nerves?
Efferent nerves that carry impulses from the brain to muscles or glands. (produce movement)
241
Nervous System is composed of?
Brain, Spinal cord, and nerves.
242
Bain controls what?
the body's functions.
243
Spinal cord controls what?
the central nervous system from the brain to the bottom of the spine.
244
What are Dendrites?
protrusions which connect the neuron to other neurons.
245
Electron flow from?
Negative to positive
246
What is an Oscillator?
Changes from alternating current to high frequency.
247
What is an Inverter?
Direct current to alternating current
248
What is a Rectifier?
Alternating current to direct current
249
