IC 10 - Pharm Tech (2) Flashcards
1
Q
List the 5 injection methods.
A
- IM
- SQ
- IV
- Intradermal
- Intrathecal
2
Q
Which of the parenteral method allows drugs to travel to brain?
A
Intrathecal
3
Q
What are the barriers or disadvantages for non-intrathecal?
A
- Cannot reach BBB
- Dilution/ distribution
- Reticuloendothelial system
- Metabolic enzymes
- Invasive
- Medical professional required
- Strict sterility
4
Q
What are the barriers for intrathecal?
A
- Dilution/ distribution
- Reticuloendothelial system
- Metabolic enzymes
- Invasive
- Medical professional required
- Strict sterility
5
Q
What are the advantages of parental delivery?
A
- Bypass hepatic first pass
- Can control dosage (relative low drug concentration and low toxicity)
- Direct access to brain (intrathecal)
- Sustained release (IM depots, intrathecal reservoirs)
- Ideal for non compliant, unconscious, dysphagic
6
Q
How does molecules move through BBB?
A
- Paracellular
- Transcellular
7
Q
BBB contains active _____ transporters.
A
efflux
8
Q
List three efflux transporter found in BBB.
A
P-gp, BCRP, MRP
9
Q
What are the two transporters in BBB?
A
- Carrier mediated
- Receptor-mediated
10
Q
List the modified Lipinski rule of 5.
A
- MW < 450Da
- Hydrogen bond acceptors <7
- Hydrogen bond donors <3
- Log P 1 - 3
- Unionised
11
Q
List the two types of parental formulation.
A
- Solutions
- Suspensions
12
Q
What are the common excipients for parental injections?
A
- Diluent
- Buffer salts
- Tonicity adjuster
- Preservatives (minimal for intrathecal)
- Stabiliser/ co-solvent
13
Q
What are the considerations for parental delivery?
A
- pH (ideal 7.4)
- Tonicity (280-290)
- Particle size (No visible particles)
14
Q
The pH of IM injections can range from ____ to ____.
A
3,11
15
Q
The SQ injection’s pH can range from ___ to ____.
A
3, 6
