IC1

Question 1

Is there any blood vessel/ nerves in the cartilage tissue?

Answer 1

No.

Question 2

Which joints are the most mobile?

Answer 2

Synovial joints

Question 3

What is the structural unit of the compact bone?

Answer 3

Osteon

Question 4

How does bone in osteoporosis look like compared to normal bone?

Answer 4

More porous & translucent

Question 5

Muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells called ______

Answer 5

muscle fibers

Question 6

Features of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 6

Striated & voluntary

Question 7

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle is known as ____

Answer 7

sarcomere

Question 8

Thin myofilaments are made of ______ (attached to Z line)

Answer 8

F-actin

Question 9

Thick myofilaments are mainly made of_____ attached to M line

Answer 9

myosin

Question 10

IM injection: where to inject at gluteal region?

Answer 10

Top right (to avoid sciatic nerve)

Question 11

Feature of osteoarthritis

Answer 11

joint space narrowing, sclerosis of subchondral bone, osteophyte formation & eventually cystic changes in adjacent bone

Question 12

What happens to blood when left in the tube without anti-coagulants?

Answer 12

Coagulation

Question 13

Is there fibrinogen left in a tube containing blood (w/o anticoagulant)?

Answer 13

No; fibrinogen converted to fibrin

Question 14

What makes up the buffy coat (1% of blood composition)?

Answer 14

White blood cells & platelets

Question 15

Thrombocytes are known as ____

Answer 15

platelets

Question 16

Worn-out RBCs are removed by____ or destroyed in _____

Answer 16

macrophages; liver & spleen

Question 17

WBCs Originate from ______

Answer 17

bone marrow stem cells

Question 18

Examples of Granulocytes (WBCs with visible granules)

Answer 18

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 19

Agranulocytes (without visible granules)

Answer 19

Lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 20

Lifespan of most WBCs

Answer 20

A few days

Question 21

Cell that account for 50-70% of WBCs

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Role of neutrophils

Answer 22

Specialized in attacking & digesting bacteria that have been “marked” for destruction.

Question 23

Characteristic of neutrophil

Answer 23

• Nucleus: segmented (3~5 lobes connected by fine strands)
• Cytoplasm: packed with pale (“neutral colored”) granules containing bactericidal compounds

Question 24

Characteristic of eosinophil

Answer 24

Have reddish-orange granules.
Usually bilobed nucleus

Question 25

Role of eosinophil

Answer 25

Phagocytize antibody-coated bacteria, protozoa & cellular debris, but main method of attack is exocytosis of toxic compounds onto surface of target.

Question 26

Which are the first WBCs to arrive at site of acute inflammation/phagocytosis?

Answer 26

Neutrophil

Question 27

Which WBC increases dramatically in a parasitic infection?

Answer 27

Eosinophil

Question 28

Characteristic of basophil

Answer 28

Contain deep purple/blue basophilic granules. The usually bilobed nucleus is often obscured by the granules.

Question 29

Role of basophil

Answer 29

Migrate to injury sites & discharge contents of granules [e.g., histamine (a vasodilator & enhancer of capillary permeability) & heparin (an anticoagulant)] that enhance local inflammation initiated by mast cells, & attract other WBCs.

Question 30

Characteristic of monocyte

Answer 30

Nucleus is large, eccentrically placed, & tends to be oval or kidney-shaped

Question 31

Role of monocyte

Answer 31

– Generate tissue macrophages. – Phagocytize & digest protozoa, virus & aged cells which might not be effectively dealt with by neutrophils. – Antigen presentation

Question 32

Can T lymphocyte & B lymphocyte be differentiated on blood smear?

Answer 32

No.

Question 33

Characteristic of lymphocyte

Answer 33

thin halo of cytoplasm around a relatively large nucleus

Question 34

Each platelet circulates for ______before being removed by _____

Answer 34

9-12 days ; splenic phagocytes

Question 35

Platelets are produced in bone marrow by ______

Answer 35

megakaryocytes

Question 36

Characteristic of platelets

Answer 36

Purple stained & granular appearance on blood smear