ICD-10-PCS Root Operations

Question 1

Excision

Answer 1

The cutting out or off of a portion of a body part.

Examples: partial nephrotomy, liver biopsy

(Root operations that take out some or all of a body part)

Question 2

Resection

Answer 2

The cutting out or off, without replacement, of all of a body part.

Examples: total nephrotomy, total lobectomy of lung

(Root operations that take out some or all of a body part)

Question 3

Detachment

Answer 3

The cutting off of all or part of an upper or lower extremity.

Examples: amputation below the knee, disarticulation of the shoulder

(Root operations that take out some or all of a body part)

Question 4

Destruction

Answer 4

The physical eradication of all or a portion of a body part by the direct use of energy, force, or a destructive agent.

Examples: fulguration of rectal polyp, cautery of skin lesions

(Root operations that take out some or all of a body part)

Question 5

Extraction

Answer 5

Pulling or stripping out of all or a portion of a body part by the use of force.

Examples: dilation and curettage (removing tissue from the inside of the uterus), bone marrow biopsy

(Root operations that take out some or all of a body part)

Question 6

Drainage

Answer 6

Taking or letting out fluids and/or gases from a body part.

Examples: thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the plural space between the lung and chest wall, lancing (incision and drainage) a cyst

(Root operations that take out solids/fluids/gases from a body part)

Question 7

Extripation

Answer 7

The taking or cutting solid matter from a body part.

Examples: thrombectomy, endarterectomy (removal of part of the inner lining of an artery along with any obstructive deposits), choledocholithomy (incision into common bile duct for removal of gallstones)

(Root operations that take out solids/fluids/gases from a body part)

Question 8

Fragmentation

Answer 8

Breaking solid matter in a body part into pieces.

Examples: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESSWL) for kidney stones, transurethral lithotripsy

(Root operations that take out solids/fluids/gases from a body part)

Question 9

Division

Answer 9

Cutting into a body part without draining fluids and/or gases from the body part in order to separate or transect a body part.

Examples: spinal cordotomy (surgical cutting of selected pain conducting tracts in the spinal cord), episiotomy

(Root operations involving cutting or separation only)

Question 10

Release

Answer 10

Freeing a body part from an abnormal physical constraint by cutting or by use of force.

Examples: carpal tunnel release, adhesiolysis

(Root operations involving cutting or separation only)

Question 11

Transplantation

Answer 11

Putting in or on all or a portion of a living body part taken from another individual or animal to physically take the place and/or function of all or a portion of a similar body part.

Examples: Kidney transplant, heart transplant

(Root operations that put in, put back, or move some/all of a body part)

Question 12

Reattachment

Answer 12

Putting back in or on all or a portion of a separated body part to its normal location or other suitable location.

Examples: Reattachment of hand, reattachment of avulsed kidney

(Root operations that put in, put back, or move some/all of a body part)

Question 13

Transfer

Answer 13

Moving, without taking out, all or a portion of a body part to another location to take over the function of all or a portion of a boy part.

Examples: tendon transfer, skin pedicle flap transfer

(Root operations that put in, put back, or move some/all of a body part)

Question 14

Reposition

Answer 14

Moving to its normal location or other suitable location all or a portion of a body part.

Examples: Reposition of undescended testicle, fracture reduction

(Root operations that put in, put back, or move some/all of a body part)

Question 15

Restriction

Answer 15

Partially closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part.

Examples: Esophagogastric fundoplication for GERD, cervical cerclage (cervical stitch)

(Root operations that alter the diameter or route of a tubular body part)

Question 16

Occlusion

Answer 16

Completely closing an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part.

Examples: Fallopian tube ligation, ligation of the inferior vena cava

(Root operations that alter the diameter or route of a tubular body part)

Question 17

Dilation

Answer 17

Expanding an orifice or the lumen of a tubular body part.

Examples: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, pyloromyotomy

(Root operations that alter the diameter or route of a tubular body part)

Question 18

Bypass

Answer 18

Altering the route of passage or contents of a tubular body part.

Examples: Coronary aretry bypass, colostomy formation.

(Root operations that alter the diameter or route of a tubular body part)

Question 19

Insertion

Answer 19

Putting in a non-biological device that monitors, assists, performs or prevents a physiologiccal function but does not physically take the place of a body part.

Examples: Insertion of a radioactive implant, insertion of a pacemeker

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 20

Removal

Answer 20

Taking out or off a device from a body part.

Examples: Drainage tube removal, cardiac pacemaker removal

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 21

Revision

Answer 21

Correcting, to the extent possible, a malfunctioning or displaced device.

Examples: Adjustment of a pacemaker lead, adjustment of hip prosthesis

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 22

Change

Answer 22

Taking out or off a device from a body part and putting back an identical or similar device in the same body part without cutting or puncturing the skin or a mucus membrane.

Examples: Urniary catheter change, gastrostomy tube change

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 23

Replacement

Answer 23

Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically takes the place and or function of all or a portion of a body part.

Examples: total hip replacement, bone graft, free skin graft

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 24

Supplement

Answer 24

Putting in or on biologic or synthetic material that physically reinforces and or augments the function of a portion of a body part.

Examples: Herionthalpy using mesh, mitral valve ring annuloplasty

(Root operations that always involve a device)

Question 25

Inspection

Answer 25

Visually and/or manually exploring a body part.

Examples: Diagnostic antrhoscopy, exploratory laprotomy

(Root operations involving examination only)

Question 26

Map

Answer 26

Locating the rout of passage of electrical impulses and/or locating functional areas n ta body part.

Examples: Cardiac mapping, cortical mapping

(Root operations involving examination only)

Question 27

Repair

Answer 27

Restoring, to the extent possible, a body part to its normal anatomic structure and function.

Examples: Hemiorrhaphy, suture of a laceration

(Root operations that define other repairs)

Question 28

Control

Answer 28

Stopping, or attempting to stop, postprocedural bleeding.

Examples: Control of post-prostatectomy hemorrhage, control of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage.

(Root operations that define other repairs)

Question 29

Fusion

Answer 29

Joining together portions of an articular body part rendering the articular body part immobile.

Examples: Spinal fusion, ankle arthrodesis

(Root operations that define other objectives)

Question 30

Alteration

Answer 30

Modifying the natural anatomic structure of a body part without affecting the function of the body part.

Examples: Face lift, breast augmentation

(Root operations that define other objectives)

Question 31

Creation

Answer 31

Making a new genital structure that does not physically take the place of a body part.

Examples: Creation of a vagina in a male, creation of a penis in a female

(Root operations that define other objectives)