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Computer Networking > ICND1 > Flashcards

ICND1 Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Layers

A

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

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2
Q

What is the data link layer address for Ethernet

A

MAC

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3
Q

What are the non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 Ghz frequency for wireless access points.

A

1, 6, and 11

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4
Q

Basic function of IPS

A

Learn normal behavior of network and block or warn when an abnormality is observed.

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5
Q

IOS Configuration, interface mode, ‘ntp broadcast’

A

Sends NTP broadcasts

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6
Q

What do the following port light colors indicate on a Cisco switch?

no light
green
blinking green
alternating green-amber
amber
blinking amber
A

no light - no link, or port is admin down.

green - link present

blinking green - activity (normal operation)

alternating - link fault: errors such as excessive collisions, CRC, alignment, and jabber.

amber - port blocked by STP while listening or learning

blinking amber - port is in STP blocking state

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7
Q

What conditions might cause a switch port status light to remain unlit?

A

admin down or link down.

Link down may be due to encapsulation or other layer 2 protocol mismatch, a bad or incorrect cable, or a lack of signal.

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8
Q

For numbered ACLs what are the number ranges for standard and extended IP ACLs

A

standard: 1-99 and 1300-1999
extended: 100-199 and 2000-2699

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9
Q

Describe the OSI Application Layer

A

This layer interacts directly with applications.

These services include FTP, SMTP, HTTP, DHCP, et al.

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10
Q

Describe the OSI Presentation Layer

A

This is not always used. It handles translation, compression, and encryption. Translation changes the data to be understood by different types of computers such as changing LF to CRLF in an ASCII FTP transfer.

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11
Q

Describe the OSI Session Layer

A

Creates, manages, and terminates sessions between communicating nodes. These are APIs such as NetBIOS, TCP/IP Sockets aka Python SocketIO, and RPC.

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12
Q

Describe the OSI Transport layer

A

It has two main parts. One is keeping track of what data comes from what application and combining that data into a single flow for use by the lower layers. The receiving device reverses this operation. Dividing the data into segments ready for layer 2 and 3 encapsulation is also done here.

Part 2 TCP/UDP - providing either connection-oriented (TCP) or connectionless (UDP) services. Connection-oriented services include flow control, keeping packets in order, recovering from lost transmissions or errors. Connectionless services do almost nothing apart from keeping track of which application the traffic belongs to. They are called best-effort because if the data is lost there is no attempt to recover it.

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13
Q

Describe the OSI Network Layer

A

This layer handles logical addressing, routing, datagram encapsulation, fragmentation and reassembly, and error handling and diagnostics. Error handling and diagnostics doesn’t include data recovery. The most common example of this is a routing protocol using a ‘hello’ protocol to verify the link is up.

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14
Q

Describe the OSI Data Link Layer

A

This includes logical link control, media access control, data framing, local addressing, and error detection and handling. Common error detection includes the checksum on Ethernet frames.

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15
Q

Describe the OSI Physical Layer

A

This includes hardware specifications, encoding and signaling, and data transmission and reception.
Layer 1 devices are CSU/DSU, transceivers, and repeaters that take bit streams and convert or repeat them without regard to the structure at the other layers.

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16
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI model

A

Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application

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17
Q

What are the major letters used in the ‘show ip route’ command and their associated protocol

A 
C - connected
S - static
R - RIP
B -BGP
D - EIGRP
EX - EIGRP external
I - IGRP (deprecated)
O - OSPF
i - IS-IS
o - ODR
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18
Q

Which protocol is used by Ethernet to control transmission over a shared medium. Which similar protocol is used by WiFi?

A

CSMA/CD for Ethernet
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection)

CSMA/CA for WiFi (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance)

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19
Q 
Answer one to \_\_\_\_ for the following:
Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast
Anycast
A

Unicast: One to One
Multicast: One to Many
Broadcast: One to All
Anycast: One to Any

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20
Q

Which method do network devices use to translate a name to an IP address

A

DNS

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21
Q

What is the RFC number for private IPv4 address space?

A

RFC 1918

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22
Q

List the RFC 1918 address ranges

A
  1. 0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
  2. 16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
  3. 168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
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23
Q

List differences between UDP and TCP

A

TCP deliveries all packets in order

UDP delivers whatever packets arrive.

TCP has higher overhead.

UDP is better for real-time applications like VoIP

TCP is connection-oriented

UDP is connectionless

TCP is slower

TCP does error checknig and error recovery

UDP does error checking but discards and does not recover

TCP has a handshake UDP does not

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24
Q

What is TCP sliding window?

A

The adjustment in quantity of data sent before the sender receives an acknowledgement

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25
Q

What are the 3 steps in a TCP 3-way handshake.

A

SYN (initiator)
SYN-ACK (responder)
ACK (initiator)

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26
Q

List the differences between the TCP/IP reference model and the OSI reference model. (Layer names will be covered on other slides)

A

OSI is protocol independent

OSI is a reference model and TCP/IP is an implementation

OSI model has 7 layers and the TCP/IP model has 4 layers.

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27
Q

What OSI layer(s) provider similar functionality to the TCP/IP Application layer?

A

Application, Presentation, and Session

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28
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality of the OSI Presentation layer?

A

Application

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29
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality of the OSI Session layer?

A

Application

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30
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality of the OSI Transport layer?

A

Transport

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31
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality described by the OSI Network layer.

A

Internet layer

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32
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality described by the OSI data-link layer?

A

Network Access layer

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33
Q

What TCP/IP model layer provides the functionality described by the OSI physical layer?

A

Network Access layer

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34
Q

What OSI layer(s) describe the functionality of the TCP/IP Transport layer?

A

Transport layer

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35
Q

What OSI layer(s) describe the functionality of the TCP/IP Internet layer.

A

Network layer

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36
Q

What OSI layer(s) describe the functionality of the TCP/IP Network Access layer

A

Data Link layer and Physical layer

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37
Q

List the main IOS Command modes

A 
User EXEC
Privileged EXEC
Global configuration
Interface configuration
Subinterface configuration
ROM monitor
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38
Q

List configuration required for SSH access

A 
line vty 0 4
 login local
 transport input ssh/all
username xxx secret xxx
hostname router
ip domain-name example.com
crypto key generate rsa
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39
Q

Command to view table of interface mac address mapping

A

show mac address-table

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40
Q

Command to view directly connected Cisco devices

A

show cdp neighbors

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41
Q

Commands to enable lldp globally, disable it on an interface, and view discovered neighbors.

A

global: lldp run
interface: no lldp transmit
EXEC: show lldp neighbors

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42
Q

What is LLDP an acronym for?

A

Link Layer Discovery Protocol

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43
Q

Describe the three possible response types for switchport port-security

A

protect: block traffic from any MAC addresses beyond the number allowed
restrict: same as protect but will log violations
shutdown: will err-disable the port if the number of allowed MAC addresses are exceeded

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44
Q

Command for a sticky mac in port security

A

switchport port-security mac-address sticky

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45
Q

Command to limit number of mac addresses on port

A

switchport port-security maximum n

46
Q

Command to enable port security

A

switchport port-security

47
Q

Command to configure port security response type

A

switchport port-security violation [protect, restrict, shutdown]

48
Q

Command to set port as static access

A

switchport mode access

49
Q

Command to set port to attempt to negotiate trunk with DTP capable switch

A

switchport mode dynamic desirable

50
Q

Default switchport DTP mode

A

dynamic auto

51
Q

List some conditions which will cause a switch to have its VLAN database replaced by a neighboring switch

A

If VTP domain is null and packet is received from switch with non-null domain. If the password is set on the non-null switch then the null switch won’t inherit the VTP setup.

52
Q

A switch running in VTP client mode version 2 on cbtnuggets.com domain is not receiving the revision updates from the VTP server on version 2 from domain CBTNuggets.com. What is the problem?

A

Domain names don’t match - case sensitive.

53
Q

Command for routing protocol details

A

show ip protocols

54
Q

Command too apply ACL to vty

A

access-class n [in|out]

55
Q

Configure DHCP server range 192.168.1.20-100.

A

ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.19
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.254
ip dhcp pool POOL
network 192.168.1.0 /24
default-router 192.168.1.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8 4.2.2.2

56
Q

Configure NAT overload to the Fa0/1 interface IP for all RFC 1918 addresses behind Fa0/0.

A

access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255
access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255

interface Fa0/0
ip nat inside
interface Fa0/1
ip nat outside

ip nat inside source list 1 interface Fa0/1 overload

57
Q

Configure a NAT pool with the four IP address 200.1.1.2 through 200.1.1.5.

A

ip nat pool NAME 200.1.1.2 200.1.1.5 prefix-length 24

58
Q

Configure a static NAT so that

the host 10.50.1.20 connected to Fa0/0 will appear with a source of 200.2.1.1 to the ISP on Fa0/1.

A

interface Fa0/0
ip nat inside
interface Fa0/1
ip nat outside

ip nat inside source static 10.50.1.20 200.2.1.1

59
Q

What is the IPv6 broadcast address?

A

Trick question there is no IPv6 broadcast.

60
Q

Describe EUI-64

A

first 24-bits of MAC, followed by FFFE, followed by second 24-bits of MAC.

61
Q

List major IPv6 address type prefixes

A

Global Unicast - 2000::/3
Unique Local - FD00::/8 (FC00::/7 with FC00::/8 undefined)
Link Local - FE80::/10
Multicast -FF00::/8

62
Q

What is used in the host portion of a link local address on a Cisco router.

A

Modified EUI-64 address

63
Q

Command to turn off all IPv6 router advertisements both solicited and unsolicited

A

IPv6 nd ra suppress all

note: ‘all’ keyword introduced in 15.1(3)T3

64
Q

What command enables Stateless Address Auto Configuration on interfaces with IPv6 addresses?

A

ipv6 unicast-routing

65
Q

Configure ipv6 route to network 2001:56::/64 with next-hop 2001:210::1

A

IPv6 route 2001:56::/4 2001:210::1

66
Q

Syslog severities are logged from 0 to _____. ____ is the most severe level while ___ is the least.

A

7

0, 7

67
Q

Command to enable seeing console messages on telnet/ssh vty

A

terminal monitor

68
Q

Command to send syslog messages to another host

A

logging host x.x.x.x

69
Q

Command to set daylight savings time

A

clock summer-time XX recurring

70
Q

Commands to configure NTP

1) Listen for broadcasts
2) Listen for multicasts
3) Poll server directly

A

1) interface: ntp broadcast client
2) interface: ntp multicast client
3) global: ntp server x.x.x.x

71
Q

List the four major configuration registers

A

0x2100 ROMMON
0x2101 RXBOOT
0x2102 Boot Normally
0x2142 Ignore NVRAM

72
Q

List where IOS looks for a bootable images in order

A

Images specified by “boot system” commands
First IOS image in flash
Broadcast for a TFTP server

73
Q

When in ROMMON how to set to boot with no config

A

confreg 0x2142

74
Q

Configure port security to re-learn MAC addresses every 10 minutes

A

switchport port-security aging time 10

75
Q

Configure a ROAS subinterface for Fa0/0 VLAN 2

A

interface Fa0/0.2
encapsulation dot1q 2
ip address x.x.x.x

76
Q

Configure logging to send only warnings level 4 and below to syslog hosts

A

logging trap warnings

77
Q

Command to set time zone

A

clock timezone XXX -n

78
Q

List steps to obtain and install a license on an IOS 15 device

A

1 - Purchase license and receive PAK key
2 - Get license file from CLM or www.cisco.com/go/license using UDI
3 - Use the CLI to install the .lic file

79
Q

How do you find the UDI and what is it a combination of

A

show license udi

It is a combination of the product id (PID) and SN. (ex: CISCO2911/K9FTX1524PIRE

80
Q

Command to show licenses

A

show license all

show license detail

81
Q

Command to show features enabled on device

A

show license feature

82
Q

Install license

A

license install flash0:licensefile.lic

83
Q

Backup license

A

license save flash:filename

84
Q

Unistall a license

A 
license boot module x x x disable
do reload
license clear x
conf t
no license boot module x x x disable
do reload
85
Q

What command sets the local router as an authoritative time source

A

ntp master

86
Q

What commands show cdp neighbor information

A 
show cdp
show cdp entry *
show cdp neighbors 
show cdp neighbors detail
show cdp interface
show cdp traffic
87
Q

How to configure the router to generate a link-local IPv6 address

A

Either statically assign an IPv6 address or autoconfig. Link-local will be generated at the same time.

88
Q

What is another name for ROMMON mode?

A

Router diagnostic mode (maybe?)

89
Q

List and describe DHCP message types

A

DHCPDiscover - First packet sent by host
DHCPOffer - Response from server includes IP, mask, gateway, and other information.
DHCPRequest - This is the response to the DHCPOffer or simply a request if renewing
DHCPDecline - The client determines the offered configuration parameters are invalid and sends a decline message.
DHCPAck - This comes from the server to acknowledge the request
DHCPNak - This comes from the server if DHCPRequest has an unavailable IP
DHCPRelease - The client sends this when it no longer needs the lease.
DHCPInform - This is used to obtain other network information if the client already has an IP manually configured or obtained elsewhere.

90
Q

When running a classful routing protocol what command allows it to use the default route even if it already knows some routes in a major network?

A

ip classless

91
Q

How many NTP stratum levels can be used?

A

16

92
Q

What should be included in a login banner?

A
  • Notice that use is permitted only by authorized personnel
  • Notice that unauthorized use is unlawful and may be prosecuted
  • Notice that access and use may be monitored and logged for use in court
  • It should not include words like ‘welcome’
93
Q

List and describe colors of the system LED on Cisco switches

A

off - no power
solid green - operating normally
solid amber - not operating normally

94
Q

List Cisco password best practices

A
  • 10 characters
  • Must begin with alphabetic character
  • Include U/L/N/S
  • No dictionary words even as part of password
95
Q

What command disables cdp on a router?

A

no cdp run

96
Q

List device type codes for CDP

A 
R - Router
T - Transparent Bridge
S - Switch
H - Host
r - Repeater
P - Phone 
D - Remote
M - Two-port Mac Relay
97
Q

List device type codes for LLDP

A 
(R) Router
(B) Bridge
(T) Telephone
(C) DOCSIS Cable Device
(W) WLAN Access Point
(P) Repeater
(S) Station
(O) Other
98
Q

What is the mac address-table default timeout. Bonus, how do you change it?

A

5 minutes

mac address-table aging time ss

99
Q

Configure arp timeout

A

interface: arp timeout ss

100
Q

View arp timeout

A

show interfaces

101
Q

What is the arp timeout default?

A

4 hours

102
Q

View CAM table timeout

A

show mac address-table aging

103
Q

What DHCP configuration command is used to provide phones or other hosts that need a tftp server that address?

A

next-server x.x.x.x

104
Q

What is equivalent to ntpq -p

A

show ntp associations

105
Q

How to tell if the clock is synchronized

A

No asterik and/or ‘show ntp status’

106
Q

How to find ntp protocol or bad version packets?

A

show ntp packets

107
Q

Command to verify md5 hash of file

A

verify /md5 filesystem:filename [hash]

108
Q

List SYSLOG level names with their associated numbers

A 
Emergency - 0
Alert - 1
Critical - 2
Error - 3
Warning - 4
Notification - 5
Informational - 6
Debugging - 7
109
Q

Command to suppress CDPv2 advertisements

A

no cdp advertise-v2

110
Q

What OSI layer includes SCP and service requests

A

Session Layer

Computer Networking (3 decks)

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