ICPP 8 Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What does the ANS control?

Answer 1

All involuntary functions

Question 2

Is the ANS afferent or efferent?

Answer 2

Entirely efferent
Regulated by afferent inputs

Question 3

What are the divisions of the ANS?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic- rest + digest
Sympathetic - fight or flight

Question 4

What type of response comes about from the sympathetic response?

Answer 4

Fight or flight

Question 5

What type of response comes about from the parasympathetic response?

Answer 5

Rest + digest

Question 6

Where do the parasympathetic nerves come from?

Answer 6

Cranial/medullary region
Sacral region

Question 7

Where do the sympathetic nerves come from?

Answer 7

Thoracic + lumbar region

Question 8

Are the pre or post ganglionic axons myelinated?

Answer 8

Pre-ganglionic - myelinated
Post-ganglionic - unmyelinted

Question 9

Cholinergic meaning

Answer 9

Uses acetylcholine as neurotransmitter

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is released from all pre ganglionic neurons?

Answer 10

Acetylcholine

Question 11

What receptors does pre-ganglionic ACh act on?

Answer 11

Nicotinic ACh receptors

Question 12

What type of receptor are nicotinic ACh receptors?

Answer 12

Ligand gated channels

Question 13

What neurotransmitters do parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

What neurotransmitters do MOST sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

Answer 14

Noradrenaline

Question 15

What receptors do post-ganglionic ACh act on?

Answer 15

Muscarinic ACh receptor

Question 16

What receptors do post-ganglionic NA act on?

Answer 16

Adrenoreceptors
(Alpha 1 + 2)
(Beta 1, 2 + 3)

Question 17

What does noradrenergic mean?

Answer 17

Uses noradrenaline as neurotransmitter

Question 18

What type of a receptor are muscarinic ACh receptors?

Answer 18

GPCR

Question 19

What type of receptors are adrenoreceptors?

Answer 19

GPCR

Question 20

What neurotransmitters do SOME sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

Answer 20

Acetylcholine

Question 21

What do sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons in adrenal glands differentiate into?

Answer 21

Neurosecretory chromaffin cells

Question 22

What do chromaffin cells do?

Answer 22

Release adrenaline to blood stream from adrenal medulla

Question 23

What are chromaffin cells?

Answer 23

Post ganglion sympathetic neurons which don’t project to a target tissue
Release adrenaline from adrenal medulla

Question 24

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on heart

Answer 24

bradycardia - SAN
decrease cardiac conduction velocity - AVN

Question 25

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on smooth muscle

Answer 25

**bonchial contraction** - lungs **^ intestinal mobility/secretion** - GI tract **bladder contraction + relaxation** - GU tract **penile erection** - GU tract **ciliary muscles + iris sphincter contraction** - eye

Question 26

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on glands

Answer 26

Increase sweat, salivary + lacrimal secretion

Question 27

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in heart?

Answer 27

Muscarinic M2

Question 28

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in smooth muscle?

Answer 28

Muscarinic M3

Question 29

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in glands?

Answer 29

Muscarinic M1/3

Question 30

What receptor does NA from the sympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in heart?

Answer 30

Beta adrenoreceptors B1 *one heart two lungs*

Question 31

What receptor does NA from the sympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in smooth muscle?

Answer 31

B2

Question 32

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on heart

Answer 32

**Tachycardia** - SAN **Positive inotropy/contraction** - ventricles

Question 33

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on smooth muscle

Answer 33

**arteriolar + venous contraction** - vasculature **bronchiolar/intestinal/uterine relaxation** - lungs,GI/GU tract **bladder sphincter contraction** - GU tract **radial muscle contraction** - eye

Question 34

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on glands

Answer 34

**Increased secretion** - salivary

Question 35

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on kidney

Answer 35

Renin release

Question 36

Which sympathetic post ganglions neurones release ACh?

Answer 36

Those innervating sweat glands and hair follicles

Question 37

Sympathic nervous system targets

Answer 37

Blood vessels

Question 38

Parasympathetic nervous system targets

Answer 38

Glands

Question 39

What axons are myelinated?

Answer 39

Pre ganglionic axons

Question 40

What lies either side of the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 40

Sympathetic chains - chain of ganglia

Question 41

What do transversing sympathetic nerves form?

Answer 41

Splanchic nerves

Question 42

How do sympathetic nerves get to the GI tract?

Answer 42

Transverse >> splanchnic nerves

Question 43

What are the 4 specialised parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

Answer 43

Ciliary ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion