ICS - Pathology New

Question 1

What is acute inflammation?

Answer 1

Initial and often transient series of tissue reactions to injury - may last from a few hours to a few days

infections, hypersensitivity

Question 2

Example of acute inflammation

Answer 2

Appendicitis

Question 3

What is inflammation?

Answer 3

The local physiological response to tissue injury.

Question 4

Name the benefits of acute inflammation.

Answer 4

• destruction of invading microorganisms
  -walling off of an abscess cavity - prevents spread of infection

Question 5

Name the limitations of inflammation.

Answer 5

• DISEASE - abscess in the brain acts as a space-occupying lesion compressing vital surrounding structures.
• FIBROSIS - results from chronic inflammation - may distort tissues and permanently alter their function.

Question 6

Name the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation? (macroscopic)

Answer 6

1. RUBOR - red
2. DOLOR - pain
3. CALOR - heat
4. TUMOR - swelling
5. LOSS OF FUNCTION

Question 7

What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?

Answer 7

1. RESOLUTION - goes away
2. SUPPURATION - pus formation eg : abscess
3. ORGANISATION - healing by fibrosis (scar formation) when there is substantial damage to connective tissue framework and/or the tissue lacks the ability to regenerate specialised cells. when this happens, dead tissue and acute inflammatory exudate are first removed from damaged areas by macrophages. defect then becomes filled by ingrowth of specialised vascular connective tissue called granulation tissue - ORANGISATION. granulation tissue then gradually produces collagen to form a fibrous (Collagenous) scar constituting the process of repair.
4. PROGRESSION - to chronic inflammation

Question 8

Stages in Neutrophil Polymorph Emigration

Answer 8

1. MARGINATION
2. ADHESION
3. NEUTROPHIL EMIGRATION
4. DIAPEDESIS