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Infection, control, safety, first aid, wellness > ICSFW > Flashcards

ICSFW Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is an infection?

A

Microorganism invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease

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2
Q

Define pathogens.

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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3
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Nonpathogenic microorganisms on our skin and in other areas (GIT)

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4
Q

What is a local infection?

A

An infection affecting only one area of the body

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5
Q

What is a systemic infection?

A

An infection affecting the entire body

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6
Q

Define autogenous infection.

A

Infection from one’s own flora

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7
Q

What is a communicable infection?

A

Infection spread from person to person

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8
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

Infection acquired in hospitals or other health care facilities

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9
Q

What are antibiotic-resistant infections?

A

Microorganisms develop resistance to specific antibiotics

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10
Q

Define multidrug resistant organisms.

A

Pathogenic microorganisms resistant to several drugs

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11
Q

What does the chain of infection represent?

A

Continuous link in the transmission of pathogens between source and susceptible host

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12
Q

What are the means of transmission?

A

Contact, droplet, airborne, vector, vehicle

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13
Q

What is direct contact transmission?

A

Physical transfer of infective material from the source to the susceptible host through close or intimate contact

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14
Q

Define indirect contact transmission.

A

Transfer of infective material via an object, such as bed linens, instruments, furniture

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15
Q

What is droplet transmission?

A

Transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of a susceptible individual via infectious droplets 5 um or larger

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16
Q

What is airborne transmission?

A

Dispersal of infectious agents that can remain infective for long periods of time in particles less than 5 um

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17
Q

What are droplet nuclei?

A

Airborne droplet nuclei develop when the fluid of pathogenic droplets evaporates

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18
Q

List the components of the chain of infection.

A
  • Infectious Agents (Source)
  • Reservoir
  • Exit Pathway
  • Means of Transmission
  • Susceptible Host
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19
Q

What is an infectious agent?

A

Causative agent, pathogenic microbe responsible for causing an infection

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20
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

Source of an infectious agent where the microbe could grow, survive, and multiply

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21
Q

What is an exit pathway?

A

A way an infectious agent can leave a reservoir host

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22
Q

What does vehicle transmission refer to?

A

Transfer of infective material through contaminated items such as food or water

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23
Q

What is vector-borne transmission?

A

Transmission by insect or animal

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24
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?

A

Hand hygiene

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25
Fill in the blank: Routine hand washing uses ______.
plain soap and water
26
What is a way an infectious agent can leave a reservoir host?
Eyes, nose, mouth
27
What is the term for the transfer of infective material through contaminated items such as food or water?
Vehicle
28
What is the term for transmission by insect or animal vectors?
Vector-borne
29
Give two diseases associated with mosquito vectors.
* Dengue * Malaria
30
What is the Portal of Entry in the context of infection?
A way an infectious agent enters a susceptible host
31
List three ways an infectious agent can enter a susceptible host.
* Body orifices * Mucous membranes * Breaks in the skin
32
Who is considered a susceptible host?
Someone who is prone to infection
33
Name four categories of individuals who are susceptible hosts.
* Elderly * Newborn * Immune-suppressed * Unvaccinated
34
What does breaking the chain of infection involve?
Stopping infections at the source
35
List three ways to break the chain of infection.
* Effective hand hygiene procedures * Immunization against common pathogens * Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
36
What are the four functions of an infection control program?
* Protect patients, employees, and visitors from infection * Screen employees for infectious diseases and require immunization * Provide evaluation and treatment to health workers exposed to infections * Monitor employees and patients at risk of infection
37
What is an effective way to prevent the spread of infection?
Hand hygiene
38
When should routine hand washing be performed?
When hands are visibly dirty, before eating, and after using the restroom
39
What should be used for hand antisepsis when hands are not visibly dirty?
Alcohol-based sanitizers
40
Fill in the blank: Hand sanitizer should be rubbed on hands for ______ seconds.
20
41
List three situations that require hand hygiene procedures.
* Before and after each patient contact * Before putting on gloves and after taking them off * Whenever hands become visibly or knowingly contaminated
42
According to WHO guidelines, when should hand hygiene be performed during direct patient care?
* Before touching a patient * After touching a patient * After a risk of body fluid exposure
43
What is the first step in the routine handwashing technique?
Remove jewelry
44
What is the recommended duration for scrubbing hands during routine handwashing?
At least 15 seconds (20 seconds is preferred)
45
What motion should be used when rinsing hands?
Downward motion
46
What should be used to close the faucet after washing hands?
A clean paper towel
47
What is the minimum duration for the entire handwashing procedure?
1 minute
48
What is the first step in the routine handwashing technique?
Palm to palm to make a lather
49
In the routine handwashing technique, how do you rub the back of fingers?
Rub the back of fingers to opposing palm with fingers interlocked
50
What type of protective equipment is referred to as Level 4 PPE?
N95 mask (or PAPR), goggles or face shield, double gloves, surgical cap, scrub suits, gown, shoe covers
51
What is the preferred PPE for COVID-19 healthcare personnel?
Use N95 or Higher Respirator
52
What should alcohol-based antiseptic hand cleaners contain as a minimum percentage of alcohol?
60%
53
Fill in the blank: PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to _______.
hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses
54
List the items included in Level 2 PPE.
* Surgical mask * Goggles or face shield * Gown * Gloves
55
What should you do with gloves during blood collection?
Wear gloves
56
True or False: You should reuse disposable gloves.
False
57
What materials can gloves be made from?
* Vinyl * Latex * Nitrile * Others
58
What is the purpose of wearing gloves in a healthcare setting?
* Patient care * Environmental services * Others
59
What should you avoid touching with contaminated gloves?
* Surfaces * Your face * Adjusting PPE
60
How long should you allow hands to dry after using alcohol-based antiseptic hand cleaners?
20 to 30 seconds
61
What is the second step in the routine handwashing technique?
Rub right palm over the back of left hand with interlaced fingers, vice versa
62
What type of masks are included in Level 1 PPE?
Surgical mask
63
What should be worn over the cuffs of the lab gown?
Gloves
64
In the routine handwashing technique, how do you clean the tips of the fingers?
Rub rotationally with clasped fingers of right hand and left palm, and vice versa

Infection, control, safety, first aid, wellness (1 decks)

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