ID

Question 1

What is HIV?

Answer 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- RNA retrovirus that enters and destroys CD4 T helper cells

Question 2

What is the course of illness if infected by HIV?

Answer 2

1 - seroconversion flu-like illness
2 - asymptomatic period
3 - AIDS defining illness

Question 3

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 3

• unprotected anal/vaginal/oral sexual activity
• mother to child (vertical)
• mucous membrane/blood/open wound

Question 4

Give an example of 4 AIDS defining illnesses

Answer 4

1 Kaposi’s sarcoma
2 PCP
3 cytomegalovirus
4 oesaphageal candidiasis

Question 5

How do you test for HIV?

Answer 5

1 P24 antibody blood test
2 PCR testing for HIV RNA (viral load)
3 CD4 count

Question 6

At what CD4 count is a patient considered to have AIDS?

Answer 6

<200

Question 7

How is HIV treated?

Answer 7

Antiretroviral treatment

Question 8

Give an example of 2 antiretroviral used to treat/prevent HIV

Answer 8

Tenofovir
Emtricitabine

Question 9

What is the dosage regime for PrEP?

Answer 9

EITHER
daily
OR
event based (anal only)

Question 10

Which organism most commonly causes malaria?

Answer 10

Plasmodium falciparum parasite

Question 11

In basic terms, what is the life cycle of malaria?

Answer 11

1 - malaria spores injected into blood stream and travel to liver
2 - INFECT RBC
3 - take 48 hrs to reproduce = every 48hrs RBC ruptures and releases +++ spores into blood

(haemolytic anaemia + 48hrly fever spikes)

Question 12

When would you get malaria after being bitten?

Answer 12

Incubation period = 1-4 weeks
(although can lie dormant for years!!)

Question 13

What are 3 typical SIGNS of malaria

Answer 13

1. Pallor = anaemia
2. Hepatosplenomegaly
3. Jaundice = haemolytic anaemia

Question 14

How do you diagnose malaria?

Answer 14

1 - malaria blood film
(sent on 3 consec days to match life cycle)

Question 15

How is malaria treated?

Answer 15

ARTESUNATE
QUININE

Question 16

What is the causative organism in TB?

Answer 16

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 17

Vomiting and then watery diarrhoea that resolves after 24hrs suggests infection with which organism?

Answer 17

Bacillus Cereus (rice!)

Question 18

GI upset + raw eggs/poultry =…..

Answer 18

salmonella

Question 19

contaminated swimming pool + GI upset = ……

Answer 19

shigella

Question 20

What is the causative organism of travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 20

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 21

What is the most common causative organism in bacterial tonsillitis?

Answer 21

Group A strep
- e.g. Strep Pyogenes

Question 22

How is bacterial tonsillitis treated?

Answer 22

Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicllin)

Question 23

How would otitis media present?

Answer 23

Ear pain
- bulging tympanic membrane
- recent URTI
- ear drum may perforate = discharge

Question 24

How is otitis media managed?

Answer 24

NORMALLY resolves within 3-7 days
- analgesia

5-7 day course AMOXICILLIN if:
- over 4 days Sx
- systemically unwell
- immunocompromise
- <2 and bilateral
- perforation/discharge

Question 25

How would pyelonephritis differ from UTI ?

Answer 25

- fever - loin pain - renal angle tenderness

Question 26

What are the two most common caustaive organisms of chest infections?

Answer 26

Strep pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae

Question 27

Which organisms are most commonly the cause of chest infections in patients with CF?

Answer 27

- pseudomonas aeruginosa - staph aureus

Question 28

How would you treat pneumonia?

Answer 28

CURB65 (1) = amoxicillin CURB (2-3) = amoxicllin + clarithromycin

Question 29

Which organism commonly causes bacterial pneumonia post influenza?

Answer 29

Staph aureus

Question 30

Which organism causes pneumonia in alcoholics?

Answer 30

Klebsiella

Question 31

What is the most common infective cause of pneumonia in COPD?

Answer 31

haemophillus influenza