ID 2

Question 1

preoperative antibiotic timing 
infuse antibiotic (e.g. cefazolin or cefuroxime) \_\_\_ min before incision (start of surgery)

Answer 1

60

Question 2

if using a ___ or ___ antibiotic pre operative start the infusion 120 min prior to incision/ start of surgery

Answer 2

FQ or vancomycin

Question 3

intra operative surgery is ___

Answer 3

anti biotics during surgery

additional doses are given if surgery is greater than 3-4 hours or with major blood loss

Question 4

post operative abx are usually ___ needed but if used dc within __ hours

Answer 4

not

24

Question 5

most preferred perioperative antibiotic

Answer 5

cefazolin bc it prevents MSSA and streptococci infections

Question 6

if patient has a beta lactam allergy and cannot use cefazolin for pre operative surgery abx choose

Answer 6

clindamycin preferred

vancomycin if mrsa risk

Question 7

for perioperative if surgery is colon or abdominal space related you need to include gram negative coverage so the drug isnt cefazolin its

Answer 7

cefotetan
cefoxitin
ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn)
ertapenem
or
metronidazole+cefazolin or ceftriaxone

Question 8

meningitis classic symptoms

Answer 8

fever headache
stiff neck
AMS

diagnosis: lumbar puncture

Question 9

meningitis is caused by

Answer 9

strep pneumo
neiserria men.
h flu

*listeria in certain groups

Question 10

listeria needs additional tx with

Answer 10

ampicillin

Question 11

for meningitis tx dexamethasone can be given 15-20 minutes prior to or with the first abx dose to prevent _____ complications

Answer 11

neurological

Question 12

empiric tx meningitis neonates less than 1 month

28 days old or less

Answer 12

ampicillin (listeria coverage)
\+
cefotaxime (no ceftriaxone in neonates)
or
gentamicin

Question 13

meningitis age 1 month to 50 years tx

Answer 13

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
+
vancomycin

Question 14

meningitis tx age greater than 50 or immunocompromised

Answer 14

ampicillin (for listeria coverage)
\+
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
\+
vancomycin

Question 15

AOM symptoms

Answer 15

bulging of the tympanic membrane
otorrhea
otalgia
tugging or rubbing at ear
fever etc

Question 16

observation without abx is an option for ___ AOM for 48-72 hours

Answer 16

nonsevere

Question 17

what is defined as non severe AOM

Answer 17

mild otalgia less than 48 hours
or
temp less than 102.2 and

age 6-23 months: symptoms in one ear only
age 2 and older: symptoms in one or both ears

Question 18

first line for AOM

Answer 18

high dose amoxicillin
or
augmentin

Question 19

when using amox/clav for AOM use

Answer 19

lowest dose of clav to decrease risk of diarrhea

Question 20

in a non severe pcn allergy ___ is rec. for AOM in children

Answer 20

3rdgen cephalosporin

Question 21

dose of amox or augmentin for AOM

Answer 21

90 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses

Question 22

sneezing
runny nose
cough
mucous production

Answer 22

common cold

Question 23

sudden onset fever
chills
fatigue
body aches

Answer 23

flu

Question 24

sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
white patches on tonsils
fever headache

absence of cough or runny nose

Answer 24

strep throat, pharyngitis

Question 25

flu criteria for anti infective treatment

Answer 25

less than 48 hours since symptom onset

Question 26

flu treatment

Answer 26

oseltamivir x 5 days baloxavir x 1 dose zanamivir inhalation x 5 days

Question 27

criteria for treating pharyngitis

Answer 27

positive rapid antigen test (tonsil swab) | or positive strep pyogenes culture

Question 28

what causes strep throat/ pharyngitis | and what to treat with

Answer 28

strep pyogenes | penicillin or amoxicillin

Question 29

``` nasal congestion purulent nasal discharge facial ear and dental pain/pressure headache fever and fatigue ```

Answer 29

sinusitis

Question 30

criteria for sinusitis tx

Answer 30

10 days or more of symptoms or 3 days or more of severe symptoms (fever 102 or higher, face pain, purulent nasal discharge) or worsening symptoms after initial improvement

Question 31

first line for sinusitis

Answer 31

amox/clavulanate

Question 32

COPD exacerbation preferred abx

Answer 32

1) augmentin | others: azithromycin, doxycycline

Question 33

bordetella pertussis tx

Answer 33

macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin) | or bactrim

Question 34

COPD exacerbation always gets supportive treatment and then you use abx for 5-7 days ( augmentin, azithromycin, or doxycycline) only if they have

Answer 34

1) increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence or mechanically venitlated

Question 35

pneumonia chest xray will have

Answer 35

it is the gold standard for diagnosis - infiltrates - opacities - consolodations

Question 36

most CAP caused by

Answer 36

s. pneumoniae h. influenzae m. pneumoniae

Question 37

CAP duration of treatment

Answer 37

5-7 days

Question 38

comorbidities for CAP

Answer 38

``` heart, lung, liver, renal disease DM alcoholism malignancy asplenia ```

Question 39

tx for CAP no comorbities outpatient

Answer 39

``` 1) highdose amox (1 gram TID) or 2) doxycycline alone or 3) Macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin) ```

Question 40

tx for CAP with comorbidities

Answer 40

1) augmentin or cephalosporin + macrolide or doxy | 2) respiratory FQ alone (MGL)