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ID Flashcards

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1
Q

Seafood diarrhea

A

vibrio P

-watery or inflammatory

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2
Q

Shigella dysentery

A

common cause of food-borne illness. usually daycare, institutions

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3
Q

Colitis from improperly cooked ground beef

A

EHEC

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4
Q

Colitis from raw pork

A

Yersinia Entercolitica

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5
Q

Colitis from undercooked/infected poultry

A

Campylobacter. Watery or hemorrhagic, severe cramps

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6
Q

Presentation and species Malaria

A

-Cyclical fever with cold/hot phases. Vomiting, arthralgias, etc. +/- splenomegaly
-Vivax, ovale: 48 hr cycle
-malariae: 72 hr cycle
-Falciprum: no periodicity
Most deaths due to falciprum

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7
Q

Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, renal failure in someone with functional asplenia or splenomegaly

A

Babesiosus

  • RBC parasite (like plasmodium)
  • transmitted by tick
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8
Q

Crypto meningitis Tx

A

-Ampho + flucytosine. Maintenance on fluconazole

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9
Q

Histo meningitis Tx

A

-Ampho. Maintenance on itraconazole

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10
Q

PPx vs Tx toxoplasmosis

A

PPx: TMP-SMZ
Tx: sulfadiazine - pyrimethamine

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11
Q

Mycobacterium avium

A

CD4 < 50
fever, cough, malaise, splenomegaly
prophylax with Azithromycin!

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12
Q

Tx CMV, when to prophylax in HIV pts

A
  • Gancyclovir

- PPx when CD4 <50 and IgG or biopsy is positive

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13
Q

2ndry syphilis

A
  • fever, malaise, sore throat, GENERALIZED LNOPATHY
  • non-pruritic maculopapular rash on trunk, SOLES, PALMS
  • Tx: PCN. Doxy if allergic
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14
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

pruritic papulosquamous rash with initial “herald” lesion
does NOT involve palms and soles
follows viral illness

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15
Q

RMSF

A

tick borne

rash on wrists/ankles that generalizes + severe headache, myalgias

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16
Q

most common cause of rash in children

A

viral exanthem

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17
Q

Complication mononucleosis

A

thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia
2/2 cross reactive antibodies
Splenic rupture 2/2 trauma (not infarction)

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18
Q

Colonic hyperplasia/ UC and endocarditis

A

Increased risk of IE from strep bovis (gallactolyticus)

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19
Q

Nosocomial UTIs and endocarditis

A

Enterococcus

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20
Q

IVDU and endocarditis

A

staph aureus

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21
Q

Cat-scratch disease

A
  • Bartonella henselae
  • immunocompetent pts
  • localized pruritic rash with REGIONAL LNADENOPATHY
  • Tx: Azithromycin
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22
Q

Leprosy

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Starts as hypopigmented patch
  • progressive nerve damage –> muscle atrophy –> hand deformities
  • Dx: AFBs on biopsy
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23
Q

Creeping eruption

A
  • helminthic disease -ancylostoma braziliense (hookworm)
  • often transmitted by soil (sandboxes)
  • tropical/subtropical regions (Florida)
  • pruritic erythematous papules –> elevated, serpiginous red/brown
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24
Q

sporotrichosis

A

fungal
gardeners
papule at inoculation site –> ulceration and LNadepathy

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25
Scabies
- parasite - sarcoptes scabei. - volar wrist and interdigit webs - short burrows accompanied by papules, vesicles, or plaques - transmitted by close contact
26
Antimalarials
- Areas w/o P Falciprum (Central Am, Brazil, Turkey): primaquin. Teratogenic - Areas w chloro-susceptible Falciprum: chloroquin. Need to start 1-2 weeks early - Areas w chloro-resistent Falciprum (Sub-saharan africa, Southern, south-east Asia): Mefloquin (Best in Pregnancy. Neuropsych SEs). Doxy (GI, teratogen). Atovaquone-proguanil (Expensive, GI)
27
CMV mononucleosis
- syndrome, without pharyngitis and LNadeopathy | - Atypical lymphos on smear
28
Tx GC/CT
- GC: ceftriaxone | - CT: Azithro
29
Tx PID
- Tx both GC/CT (Cef, azithro). | - RPR, HIV, HBV testing
30
Testing warts for HSV
Tzanck smear
31
IV catheters and IE
coag-neg Staph
32
Fungal IE
- immunocompromise - chronic indwelling catheters - prolonged Abx
33
Q Fever
- inhalation from infected livestock or drinking unpasturized milk - Coxiella burnetti -- rickettsial bacteria
34
Candida vs viral esophagitis in HIV
- Candida: thrush, mild/moderate esophagitis. If thrush and mild/moderate esophagitis, can Tx empirically with fluconazole - Viral: severe esophagitis - HSV: circular ulcers - CMV: large, linear ulcers
35
Bacillary angiomatosis
Bright red, firm, friable, vascular nodules in HIV pt - Bartonella (GNB) - Oral erythromycin
36
Kaposi's sarcoma
-HIV. Caused by HHV-8 papules --> plaques/ nodules over trunk, face, extremities -light brown --> pink --> violet
37
PCP skin lesions
nodular/papular lesions of external auditory meatus | -HIV
38
Molluscum
poxvirus | centrally-umbilicated dome-shaped, non-pruritic papules
39
Histo and HIV
``` CD4 < 100 disseminated infection --> cytopenias, LNopathy, hepatosplenomegaly high mortality due to shock Dx: Urine/Serum antigen testing Tx: Itraconizole ```
40
Tx Positive PPD in HIV pt
-INH + pyridoxine (prevents INH neuropathy, but not hepatitis--check LFTs)
41
Coccidio
- SW US | - pulm infection + erythema multiformae and arthralgias
42
Blasto
- central US - flu-like or asymptomatic infection. uncommon in immunocompetent - in HIV, multiple nodules or dense consolidation on CXR. Contact with soil. Ulcerative/Verucous skin lesions
43
Cryptococcus
- HIV CD4 meningitis/encephalitis | - rare infection in immunocompetent
44
Thresholds for positive PPD
>5 in HIV/immunosupressed or recently-infected >10 in risk factors >15 in healthy folks if not strictly positive, Tx = observation
45
Nocardia pneumonia
HIV + or immunosuppressed weakly acid-fast, branching, filamentous rod found in soil and water -cavitary lesions in lung -Tx: TMP-SMX
46
trichinosis
- parasite - undercooked pork - invades intestine (first phase--abd pain etc) --> systemic hypersensitivity rxn --> splinter hemorrhages, chemosis, retinal hemorrhages, periorbital edema
47
Botulism Sx
-constipation, descending paralysis, respiratory failure
48
HIV/IVDU and IE
- most commonly Staph, most commonly TV - fewer peripheral manifestations - septic emboli --> lungs --> cavitary lesions
49
Febrile neutropenia
-Admit, cover pseudomonas (cefepime)
50
recent BMT, pneumonia, colitis
CMV pneumonitis!
51
urease bugs and effect in UTI
- increases urine pH --> calculi formation --> reservoirs of bacteria --> recurrent UTI not clearable by Abx alone - Happens in Hx, pts w Foleys - Proteus, pseudomonus, Klebsiella, Morganella, Providencia, Staph, Ureaplasm
52
hemachromatosis pathogens
Listeria! | Also iron overload --> Yersinia, Vibrio
53
Podophylin
Tx option for warts. causes cell death
54
Tx Lyme in pts with doxy allergy
amox
55
PPx in post-transplant pts
TMP-SMX
56
Erysipelas
- specific type of cellulitis - Sharply-demarcated, erythematous, edematous, tender lesion - Group A Strep
57
Abrupt onset nausea/vomiting after meal
- preformed toxin! - either Staph or B Cereus - Mayonaise, meat, veggies: Staph - Rice, etc: B cereus
58
C Perfigens
- Forms spores that live in meat, gravy, poultry | - Watery diarrhea
59
C Diff (Risk Factors, pathogen, presentation, Dx, Tx)
- RFs: Recent Abx(!), hospitalization, PPIs - Path: Toxin A: water diarrhea. Toxin B: colonic necrosis - Sx: fever, abd pain, leukocytosis, range from watery diarrhea to toxic megacolon - Dx: PCR of toxin genes in stool - Tx: metronidazole, PO Vanc, or fidaxomicin. NOT BROAD SPECTRUM ABX -- will worsen
60
Diarrhea after contact with water in developing countries
microsporidia: cryptosporidium, giardia, etc
61
osteomyelitis
- most commonly Staph | - NAIL PUNCTURE wound --> pseudomonus
62
Tx Herpes Zoster
- Valacyclovir preferred | - Acyclovir also effective, and less expensive
63
Cysticercosis
-Caused by T Solidium -Can cause neurocysticercosis in areas with pigs/poor sanitation. From direct ingestion of contaminated human feces. Causes fluid-filled cysts and seizures. Tx neurocysticercosis: albendazole
64
Tx PCP
- TMP-SMX | - If gas exchange impaired (PaO2 < 70 or A-a gradient >35), add prednisone
65
"halo sign" on lung CT in immunosuppressed
Aspergillis
66
Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
- Triad: ipsilateral CN7 palsy, ear pain, vesicles in auditory canal - VZV
67
Tx human bite wound
- Need to cover Gram (+), Gram (-), and anaerobes. | - Amox-Clav.
68
Post-viral pneumonia with multiple necrotizing abscesses
Staph!
69
Dental/Respiratory procedures and IE
-Viridans group Strep e.g. Strep Sanguinis

Medicine (7 decks)

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