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1
Q

common bacteria in 0-1 month

A

GBS
Ecoli
Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

how to treat a 0-1 month with antibiotics

A

ampicillin +

gentamicin/cefotaxime

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3
Q

common bacteria in 1-3 months

A

GBS
streptococcus pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

how to treat 1-3 months with antibiotics

A

ampicillin +

cefotaxime (+vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)

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5
Q

common bacteria in 3months - 3 years

A

strep. pneumoniae
h.influenza type B
neisseria meningitidis

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6
Q

how to treat 3months- 3 years with antibiotics

A

cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

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7
Q

common bacteria in 3yrs - adult

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

how to treat 3yrs- adults with antibiotics

A

cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

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9
Q

criteria for low risk for serious bacterial infections

wbc, absolute band count, ua,

A

wbc - >5,

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10
Q

when to hospitalize kids w fever
neonate
infant

A

neonate - all
infant btw - 29 days and 3 months – toxic? suspect meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or bone and soft tissue infections unresponsive to oral antibiotics?
uncertain f/u

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11
Q

fever of unknown origin - meaning

A

fever that lasts 8days - 3 weeks

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12
Q

common causes of sinusitis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenza
m. catarrhalis

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13
Q

treatment of sinusitis

A

amoxicillin/ amoxicillin + clavulante, or second gen. cephalosporin

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14
Q

most common causes of pharyngitis

A

Coxsackie, EBV, CMV
strep pyogenes/
diphtheria

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15
Q

how does viral pharyngitis present?

A

URI symptoms

tonsilar exudates

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16
Q

EBV pharyngitis

A

enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes/malaise/hepatosplenomegaly

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17
Q

coxsackie virus pharyngitis presentation

A

painful vesicles or ulcers on the posterior pharynx and soft palate herpangina
might have blisters on hand-foot- soles (hand -foot- mouth disease)

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18
Q

GABHS-

A 
school age - 5-15
winter and spring
lack of URI
exudates on the tonsils 
petechiae on the soft palate 
strawberry tongue 
enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
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19
Q

diphteria presentation of pharyngitis

A

gray adherent tonsillar membranes

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20
Q

how to treat GABHS pharyngitis

A

penicillin
IM benzathine penicillin
if allergic: erythromycin or macrolides

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21
Q

how to treat diphtheria pharyngitis?

A

oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin

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22
Q

most common causes of otitis media

A

s.pneumoniae
non-typeable h. influenxae
moraxella

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23
Q

how to treat acute otitis media?

A

can use amoxicillin

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24
Q

pathogens of otitis externa

A

pseudomonas, staph

candida

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25
when that OE happen?
when the patient perfs typmapnic membrane secondary to AOM
26
diagnosis of OE
erythema and edema of the EAC discharge tender to palpation of the tragus if refractory need culture
27
parotitis- causes
mumps - | CMV/EBV/HIV
28
bacterial parotitis presentations
unilateral parotid involvement staph s.pyogenes TB
29
how to diagnose mumps paratotitis
in the urine
30
complications of mumps
meningoencephalitis, orchitis, epididymitis, pancreatitis
31
impetigo
``` staph GAS - honey-colored crusted - no fever - infection is easily transmitted no culture mupirocin - or oral antibiotics like dicloxacillin ```
32
erisipelas
skin infection involving the lymphatic GABHS tender erythematous skin with border on face and scalp
33
complications of Erisipelas
bacteremia, post-strep glomerulonephritis, NEC fasciitis
34
cellulitis
GABHS and staph indistinct area or erythema oral or IV antibiotics - 1st generation cephalosporin or anti-staph penicillin
35
buccal cellulitis presentation
blue discoloration on the cheek of a young unimmunized child
36
what causes buccal cellulitis?
HIB
37
complications of buccal cellulitis
bacteremia and meningitis - so do a LP
38
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
staph fever, tender skin, bullae nikolsky sign is present - extension of bullae when pressure is applied to the skin good wound care and IV antibiotics
39
scarlet fever - causes and presentation
GABHS winter and spring respiratory drople or by infected nasal secretion rash might develop during any GABHS infection before or during rash - fever, chills, malaise, exudative pharyngitis on trunk and moves peripherally erythematous skin with tiny skin-colored papules sandpaper rash pastia's line - localized in skin creases dequamation - as infection resolves
40
managing scarlet fever
prevent rheumatic fever penicillin if allergy erythromycin or macrolides
41
complications of GAHBS infections
post-strep glomerulonephritis --> hypertension and cola colored urine rheumatic fecer post-strep arthritis --> joint sympoms last for weeks PANDAS - ocd SYMPTOMS OR TICS FOLLOWING INFECTION-- ANTIBIOTICS PREVENTS THIS COMPLICATION
42
criteria for TSS
1. fever >103 2. hypotension sbp GI, Myalgias, hyperemia ,pyuria, thrombocytopenia, CNS 6. negative cultures of blood, CSF and pharynx
43
viral causes for diahrrea
rotavirus-- in winter | norwalk virus -- fecal-oral route
44
what is HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome- do not treat with antibiotics - cause it might worsen and result in endotoxin release
45
most common cause of bacterial bloody diarrhea in the US
campylobacter jejuni
46
mesenteric adenitis - cuases
yersinia - might mimic acute appenditicits
47
diarrhea infection where children might develop a seizure
shigella
48
most common electrolyte abdnormality in diarrhea
non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
49
classic prodrome of measles
cough conjunctivitis coryza
50
kolik spots -
measles | enanthem seen on mucous membrane
51
treatment of measels
vit. A
52
measels associated with what virus
paramyxoviridae
53
rubella associated with what virus
togavirus
54
rubella presentation
mild and asymptomatic painful lymphadenopathy exanthem follows the adenopathy and it is non pruritic maculopapular rash face to trunk and extremities
55
presenting symptoms of prenatal rubella infection
``` blueberry muffin baby thrombocytopenia hepatisplenomegaly jaundice purpura patent ductus arteriosum sensorineural hearing loss ```
56
how to treat ameba
metronidazole
57
malaria presentation
``` cyclical fevers and flulike prodrome - when the RBCs burst hemolytic anemia splenomegaly jaundice hypoglycemia ```
58
triad of congenital toxo
hydrocephalus intracranial calcifications chorioretinitis
59
how to treat pinworm
mebenzazole
60
hookworm clnical features
rash and pruritis at site of infection | iron-def. anemia

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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