Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MOHD Keystone Exam 3 > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Use this in uncomplicated UTI

A

Nitrofurantoin

Trimethoprim Sulfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These have surface proteins that allow attachment to host proteins

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

(not Gram- rods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Use this in complicated UTI

A

Fluroquinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Continuous bacteremia is

A

infection in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use this antimicrobial to treat Chlamydia

A

Azythromycin (Macrolide)

Or Doxy?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram positive cocci
Catalase +
Coagulase +

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intermittent bacteremia may be due to

A

transient in the blood; local infection in the body OR after a procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of urethritis

A 
GC
CT
HSV
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Mycoplasma gentalium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common organism in uncomplicated UTI

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This infection has a mucopurulent meatal discharge

A

GC Urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This organism is usually lymphatic spread

A

Strep pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Use this antimicrobial to treat Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin) IM or IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This organism if usually hematogenous spread

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common cause of infective endocarditis

A

S. aureus

viridans strep
E. faecalis (GU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat HSV encephalitis?

A

Acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Common cervicitis pathogens

A

NG
CT
HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is at increased risk for chlamydia or gonorrhea?

A

Sexually active women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Definition of SIRS

A 
TPR WBC
Temp 38
P >90
R >20
WBC 12k
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci would likely be seen in

A

HIV infected

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
CAP
Candidiasis
HSV
Shingles
Seborrheic dermatitis
Leukoplakia

Are likely to be seen at CD4 counts…

A

200-500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CD4 count tells you

A

What types of diseases people are most susceptible to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Organisms in the gut –>

A

Gram negative rods
Anerobes
Enterococci
Micro-aerophilic streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Macrophages do this and ingest these

A

Activate T helper cells

Ingest intracellular organisms (Fungi, protozoa, bacteria, parasites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the basis of combination anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Three drugs from at least 2 classes

–> Lifelong treatment because of need for adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CMV Infections are associated with
Transplant and immunosuppressive medications Causes organ-specific infection: hepatitis, pancreatitis, pneumonitis, GI disease
26
Patients with antibody or complement defects are prone to infections with
encapsulated organisms: S. pneumo N. miningitidis H. influenzae
27
Organisms on the skin --> leading to infection
Coagulase negative staphylococci Staph aureus Central line: Gram negative, Candida
28
What time frame after transplant is greatest risk?
4 weeks to 6 months: opportunistic, relapsed, residual
29
Infections associated with Steroids Steroids block IL-2, cause lymphopenia, decrease Ab production, decrease chemotaxis
Infections that require macrophage mediated killing or require neurophilic killing
30
Organisms in the oral mucosa --> leading to infection
Streptococcus Anaerobes H. influenza N. meningitidis
31
Anti-TNF-a inhibitors are associated with
mycobacterial and fungal (histoplasma in the midwest) | granulomatous and intracellular infections
32
Cytotoxic T cells do this
Kill virus laden cells (CMV, HCV, EBV, HSV, VZV)
33
Who is a high risk neutropenic patient?
>7 days of neutropenia or ANC
34
Definition of neutropenic fever
Single temp >38.3 or sustained >38 for 1hr ANC
35
What component of otitis media makes it more difficult to treat?
Biofilm formation
36
What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
37
Usual culprit in Acute Rhinosinusitis
VIRAL: rhino-, flu/paraflu - most resolve spontaneously bacterial: S. pneumo, H. info, M. catt, anaerobes (dental) - more likely if 7+ days or worsening; severe symptoms (fever >38, pain); facial erythema/swelling/pain
38
Pharyngeal ulcers are suggestive of
Viral pharyngitis
39
What risk factors for otitis media can be changed?
daycare, smoke exposure, formula v breastfeeding, pacifier use
40
Self-limited inflammation of the bronchi with cough lasting >5 days +/- sputum
Acute bronchitis --> | Usually VIRAL cause
41
Highly enlarged tonsils are suggestive of
Infectious mononucleosis
42
Antibiotics for Community Acquired pneumonia
Macrolides Doxycycline Cephalosporins
43
Conjunctivitis in Otitis media is associated with this organism
H. influenzae
44
Diagnosis of sinusitis is usually
CLINICAL (Imaging or sinus aspirate if complicated) Same is true for OM and pharyngitis --> Clinical diagnosis
45
Common organisms in ventilated patients pneumonia
Enteric Gram(-) P. aerunginosa S. aureus + MRSA
46
Otitis Media organisms
2/3 may be mixed bacterial/viral Bacteria: S. pneumo H. influ Moraxella caterrhalis Viruses: RSV, flu, enterovirus, cold, metapneumo Atypical: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, TB
47
Symptomatic inflammation of the nasal cavity/paranasal sincuses lasting
Acute Rhinosinusitis
48
When might observation be appropriate for otitis media?
>6 months or > 2 years, nonsevere and unilateral, not immunocompromised, no high fever
49
Present with cough >5 days, purulent sputum, wheezing, atypically fever, CXR with normal or thickened bronchial walls
Acute bronchitis
50
Possible complications of sinusitis
Cellulitis (periorbital, orbital) Abscess (orbital, epidural, subdural, parenchymal) Meningitis Venous sinus thrombosis
51
Common organisms for Community Acquired Pneumonia
``` S. pneumo*# Mycoplasma#/Chlamydia# H. influenzae (smokers, COPD) S. aureus (post-influenza)* Legionella (severe, multi-lobe)* Gram negative rods* Viruses# ``` ICU* Outpatient#
52
--> Viral causes more common: cold virus, RSV, influenza/para-influenza, metapneumovirus --> Bacterial causes: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia, Bordatella pertussis
Causes of acute bronchitis
53
What is the most common treatment for strep throat?
Penicillin
54
What is the most common treatment for otitis media?
Amoxicillin
55
What is used to treat tickborne diseases like HME, HGA, Lyme, RMSF?
Doxycycline
56
What is used to treat cervicitis?
Azithromycin (macrolide) for Chlamydia
57
What can Ceftriaxone be used to treat?
Respiratory (meningitis, pneumonia) Enteric (UTI) Gonorrhea
58
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis These are common to
Bacterial acute OM Bacterial acute sinusitis CAP
59
Typically a viral infection rather than bacterial
Acute bronchitis
60
Usually caused by GAS but may be G(-) anaerobe
Bacterial pharyngitis
61
Most common SSI organism
Staph aureus! Candida - most common fungus
62
CLABSIs most important risk factor
Central line! Age, malnutrition, immunosuppression, loss of skin integrity, severity of illness, ICU/hospital stay
63
Alcohol based hand rubs do not kill
C. diff!
64
RIsk factors for CDAD (C. difficile)
``` Age Antimicrobial use (ceph, clinda, fluroquinolones) Use of PPI/H2 blockers Infected roommate Prolonged stay Multiple, severe conditions Immunosuppressive therapy ```
65
What guides selection of therapeutic agents in the lab?
Most narrow spectrum + least expensive that will have 90%+ success rate (based on MIC)
66
Encapsulated organisms that are affected by antibody defects
S. pneumo N. meningitidis H. influenzae
67
Common pathogens in neutropenic fever
``` Gram positives (like staph aureus) Gram negatives (like Enterobacter)(greatest mortality) Fungal ```
68
How do you treat neutropenic fever?
For high risk: cifepime IV or vancomycin or antifungals For low risk: ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin
69
Common pathogens in TNFa suppression
Bacterial URIs M. tuberculosis Histoplasmosis (in Iowa) or other fungi
70
Rituximab (B cell lymphoma treatment) is associated with
decreased vaccine response and HBV reactivation
71
Common infections in steroid use
(macrophage mediated killing impaired) Fungi, Tb, pneumocystis (neutrophilic mediated killing impaired) S. aureus, Aspergillus

MOHD Keystone Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions