ID Flashcards by Teera C

What are the five most common causes of fever in a returning traveler?

Malaria, dengue, typhoid fever, Mono, rickettsia

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A blood culture with which organism should never be considered a contaminant?

Candida

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Patients who have internuclear Or intracytoplasmic inclusions on a urinalysis, increasing creatinine level, and status post transplant on tacrolimus are likely to have what condition?

Human polyomavirus (Bk) nephropathy.

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Bacillus anthracis TX?

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline

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Gram pos aerobic organism, appears as sporulating rod on microscopy. Mediastinal widening from hemorrhagic lymphadenitis is classic, Dx?

Bacillus anthracis

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Gram neg coccobacilli w/bipolar staining “safety pin” Dx?

Yersinia pestis

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Yersinia Tx?

Streptomycin or Gentamicin

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What two antibiotics are most commonly used for the treatment of diverticulitis?

Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole

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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC Dx?

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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Back pain, fever, night sweats Dx?

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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With terminal complement deficiency, to which organism are patients most susceptible?

Neisseria meningitidis

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Which HIV medication requires you to check HLA B-5701 to prevent hypersensitivity reaction?

Abacavir

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Which HIV medication is known to cause an asymptomatic elevation in MCV?

Zidovudine

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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)

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Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

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Chancroid TX?

Azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin

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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

Nonpainful: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

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Large rash with bulls-eye appearance

Erythema chronicum migrans from

Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) Tx: doxycycline

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What reflexes (increased/decreased) would you expect with someone who is diagnosed with West Nile Virus meningitis?

Decreased

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What organism is known to cause Q fever?

Coxiella burnetti

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What organism is known as the”great mimicker” of appendicitis?

Yersinia enterocolitica

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What is the number of dermatomes over which a patient with Herpes Zoster virus requires both contact and airborne precautions?

Two dermatomes

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What organism can cause febrile, hemolytic anemia esp in pts who visited Nantucket or Long Island area?

Babesia microti

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What is the most likely organism that causes post partum endometritis?

Group B Streptococcus(Streptococcus agalactiae)

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

Strawberry tongue"

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease (only time to give children aspirin)

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

Bacterial endocarditis

Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals

Condylomata lata (2º syphilis)

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

Koplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus)

Rash on palms and soles. 3 DX.

Coxsackie A, 2º syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

What is the most common cause of septic arthritis in individuals greater than 40 years of age?

Staph aureus

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in HIV patients?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the MOST common cause of aseptic meningitis?

Enterovirus (more than echovirus)

What is the main vector of Lyme Disease in North America?

Ixodes scapularis

Empiric treatment for non complicated UTI in female?.

Nitrofurantoin

What is the best treatment for penicillin-allergic, pregnant female with UTI?

Nitrofurantoin

Rapid fire assoc: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

"Owl eye" appearance of CMV

Rapid fire assoc: Branching gram (+) rods with sulfur granules

Actinomyces israelii

What enteropathic organism is most often associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Campylobacter jejuni

What condition is often associated with pigeon or bat droppings?

Histoplasmosis

What condition is known as "spotless Rocky Mountain spotted fever"?

Ehrlichiosis

What is a very common organism for UTIs in young, pregnant women?

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection, caused by what organism?

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

Rapid fire assoc: Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

Rapid fire assoc:Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Rapid fire txt: Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Rapid fire assoc:"Steeple" sign on frontal CXR

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

Rapid fire txt: Treponema pallidum

Penicillin

Rapid fire txt: toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Rapid fire txt: Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Rapid fire txt: Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

Rapid fire txt: Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

Rapid fire txt: Rickettsia ricketsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

Rapid fire txt: Neisseria meningitidis

3rd gen cephalosporin; ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Rapid fire txt: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone + azithromycin or doxycycline

Rapid fire txt: Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

Rapid fire txt: Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

Rapid fire txt: Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

Which organism is the most common cause of diabetic foot ulcers?

Staphylococcus aureus

Rapid fire assoc:Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

Colon cancer

Which organism is notoriously known to cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Which organism is known to cause "desert rheumatism?"

Coccidioidomycosis

Which organism is considered a contaminant in the blood if no central venous catheter is present?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Which organism commonly causes meningitis in infants and the elderly,requiring treatment with ampicillin?

Listeria monocytogenes

Which organism causes Trench Fever? five-day fever of the relapsing type, rarely exhibiting a continuous course. The incubation period is relatively long, at about two weeks. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden, with high fever, severe headache, pain on moving the eyeballs, soreness of the muscles of the legs and back, and frequently hyperaesthesia of the shin

Bartonella quintana

Which organism can be associated with Burkitt's Lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Patient develops a pneumonia soon after recovering from the flu. What organism is most often associated in this scenario?

Staphylococcus aureus

Long-term use of which potent antibiotic requires performing regular eye exams?

Linezolid

HSV how to Dx?

PCR or DFA Viral Culture previous gold standard useful for resistant or recalcitrant infections

Rapid fire txt: Cryptococcus neoformans

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

Rapid fire txt: Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

Rapid fire txt: CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Rapid fire txt: Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

Rapid fire txt: c diff recurrence

if after metro, vanc. If after vanc, fidaxomicin. Subsequent recurrence=longer vanc or vanc then rifaximin or fecal transplant

Rapid fire txt: Clostridium difficile

Oral vanc or fidaxomicin

Rapid fire txt: Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

Rapid fire txt: actinomyces

Penicillin

Severe odynophagia without thrush favours what diagnosis in a patient with HIV? These infections are commonly due to organisms?

ulcerative esophagitis; viruses

Severe odynophagia, fevers, no classical candidal Esophagitis symptom should prompt what diagnostic modality?

Endoscopy with biopsy and culture

What are the 3 signs of Candida esophagitis in immunosuppressed patients. They can be given an empiric trial of antifungals (oral fluconazole)

Moderate odynophagia, dysphagia, concurrent oral thrush

If a patient is exposed w/in 90 d of primary, secondary or latent syphilis in a sex partner, what is the next step?

Penicillin treatment

What diagnosis should be made in a patient that is treated for syphilis that involves an acute febrile illness with worsening rash?

jarisch herxheimer reaction

What is the treatment for a jarisch herxheimer reaction

Iv fluid, acetaminophen or nsaids. Treatment supportive and illness is self limited within 48 hours of onset

What are 3 main components of classic dengue fever?

Flu like febrile illness with marked myalgias & joint pains, retro orbital pain, rash (white islands in the sea of red)

Increased vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia with platelets less than 100,000, spontaneous bleeding, positive tourniquet test which is petechiae after sphygmomanometer cuff inflation are signs of what diagnosis?

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

What medicine should be given pyrimethamine to prevent bone marrow suppressio?

leucovorin

When must you use a fluroquinolone for CAP treatment? otherwise treat with what?

When someone has comorbidities (DM, organ dysfxn, immunosuppression, ca) or recent abx in last 3 mo. Macrolide or doxy

What antibiotic regimen should be used for infected necrotizing pancreatitis?

Carbapenem or fluoroquinolone + metronidazole

ID Flashcards

(91 cards)