ID Flashcards by Morgan C

where does staphaureus colonize

groin, axilla, nasal passages/resp tract

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HA MRSA can be ____ or ____

hospital (over 24 hrs after hospitalization)or community onset (within 12 mo of exposure to HC)

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CMV is caused by and spread via

cytlomegalovirus and is spread from person to person by sex, breastmilk, congenital, transplant

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CVM signs and sx

similar to mono, but no exudate on tonsils and lymphadenopathy

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CMV infects _____ ppl

immunocompetent

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dx of CMV

CMV IgM

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trmt CMV

ganciclovir + forcarnet

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presentation is diff in CMV for immunocompromised bc…

sx are retinitis and encephalitis

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2 diff strains of flu

A and B

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incubation period of flu

1-4 days… doesnt spread after that

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signs and sx of flu

fever nonprod cough, fatigue, myalgia, rhinitis, HA, sore throat

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sx of flu

clinical; but can do rapid nasal swab

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when do we test for the flu

if itll change trmt

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who getts the trmt for the flu?

high risk pop

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trmt for flu

antiviral Tamiflu which shorterns sx 1-3 days and dec risk of complications

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who is flu vaccine recommended for

6 mo +

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3 fungal infections

cryptococcus, pneumocystis, histoplasmosis

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cryptococcus organism

cryptococcus neoformans… a yeast

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transmission of cryptococcus

inhaled from pigeon poop in soil

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signs and sx of cryptococcus

asymptomatic, but can cause lung disease in immunocompromised and spread to look like meningitis

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dx cryptococcus

lung: sputum culture
meningitis: LP and gram stain CSF

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MCC of fungal meningitis

cryptococcus

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if you see cryptococcus, you may susspect the pt has ____

AIDS

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pneumocystis organism and transmission

pneumocystis jirovecii; unknown maybe airborne

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pneumocystis is usually seen in

immunocompromised

signs and sx of pneumocystis

asymptomatic, but im immunocompromised interstitial pneumonia with fever, SOB, nonprod cough

pneumocystis dx

1. chest x ray shows diffuse infiltrate | 2. Ct if infiltrate seen

trmt pneumocystis

PPX; trimethoprim/TMP for 14-21 days`

MC opportunistic infection of AIDS

pneumocystis

histoplasmosis organism and transmission

histoplasma capsulatum; bat/bird poop in soil we inhale

histoplasmosis areas affected

ohio and mississippi

coin like lesions on cxr are in

histoplasmosis for iimmunocompetent

if someone has pneumonia/pericarditis with mediatstinal/hilar mass/lymphadenopathy suspect this

histoplasmosis

sx of histoplasmosis

mild flu like sx to severe pneumonia

histoplasmosis usually affects this popul.

immunocompromised

dx of histoplasmosis

bronchoscopy | culture and sensitivity

trmt for histoplasmosis in immunocompetent

none

distinguish histoplasmosis from this condition

sarcoidosis

risk factors for NF

IVDA, immunocompromised, ETOH abuse

NF caused by?

usually GAS strain with exotoxin

ss of NF

pain out of proportion, crepitus, systemically ill, compartment syndrome, anesthesia of area, cellulitis appearance, necrosis

dx of nf

CT scan

only way to definitiely dx nf

surgical exploration, biopsy, and debridement

if nf is suspected, start this right away

broad spectrum ATB, but then change based on what culture shows

fourniers gangrene?

nf of the perineum, destroys gluteal muscles, scrotum area remember that NF is from GAS and this is polymycrobial

fourniers gangrene is mc in

old men

group b strep/ s agalactiae

newborns have pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, and sepsis

group b strep/ s agalactiae sx

fever, lethargy, trouble breathing/feeding, irritability,

how is group b strep/ s agalactiae prevented

its screened for in pregnancy and the mother gets iv atb suring pregancy

vancomycin resistant enterococci is gram ___ ___

+ cocci

common uti pathogen

VRE

vre primary risk

hospitalization, primarily spread by HC workers

risks for vre

prevoius vancomycin, chronic disease, hospitalization, contaminated surfaces

ss of vre

uti and bacteremia

vre prevention

wash hands, ppe, clean rooms well, change catheters, isolate infected pt

dx vre

C and S via rectal swab

vre trmt

remove catheter if uti and often resolved. if not, treat with atb

diphtheria transmission

respiratory secretions

diphtheria ss

sore throat, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, malaise, fever, cervical lymphadnopathy, gray pseudomembrane on throat that cant be scraped off

diphtheria can lead to

upper airway obstruction

dx diphtheria

nose and throat culture

diphtheria trmt

remove membrane, PCN or erythromycin, antitoxin if severe

this diptheria is MC

laryngeal

pertussis transmission

resp secretions, very contagious

pertussis incubation

1-3 wks

ss pertussis

whoop cough and forceful cough that lasts 6 wks, emesis

is there a vaccine for pertussis

yes Tdap

stages of pertussis

catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent

most contagoius stage of pertussis

catarrhal

paroxysmal stage of pertussis

rapid coughing bursts that may cause broken ribs

dx pertussis

PCR nasal swab and culture

trmt pertussis

azithromyacin, clarithromyacin

consider this if someone has a cough for over 2 wks

pertussis

"spider bite"

CA MRSA

ss CA MRSA

warm, tender, draining/necrotic lesion that looks like a spider bite, maliase, fever (not common)

if no palpacle fluctuance is felt but you suspect an abscess, you must do this

bedside US or CT/MRI

_____ and abscesses

abscess trmt

ID, ATB if recommended (clindamycin, bactrim, doxycycline) and cephalexin if cellulitis is present along with the abscess

____ alone is NOT enough trmt for an abscess

atb

CA MRSA pt education

warm compresses on abscess/cellulitis, use hibiclens body wash if recurrent infections, use bactroban nasal cream f

GAS is aka streptococcus _____

pyogenes

group B strep is streptococcus_____

agalctiae

pharyngitis is AKA ____ and is MC in

strep throat and kids ages 5-14

transmission pharyngitis

droplets

ss pharyngitis

sudden onset fever, sore throat, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar enlargement/exudate, NV, dec appetite, palatal petechiae rash

centor criteria pharyngitis

tonsillar exudate, tender cervical adenopathy, fever, no cough, one extra pt given if btwn 3-14 yo

centor criteria btwn 0-2

unlikely to have gas, dont get a strep test

centor criteria btwn 3+

get a rapid strep test

if the strep test is - you can get this, but its only 80-90% sensitive

throat culture

if streo test is +, what is the trmt

atb

cause of scarlet fever

strain of GAS that produces erythrogenic toxin

ss scarlet fever

sandpaper feel, sunburn look, pastias lines, desquamation, strawberry tongue

trmt GAS

PCN or amoxicillin

trmt for GAS with pcn allergy

cephalosporin, azithromycin, biaxin

is empirical atb trmt for gas recommended

peritonsillar abscess is often____

polymicrobial

gas complications

tonsillar abscess, rneumatic fever, PSGN, PANDAS

slide 40

ID Flashcards

(98 cards)