ID(F) Flashcards
(237 cards)
1
Q
Med Intel Brief sources
A
CDC
WHO
2
Q
Carrier
A
person or animal that harbors ID but does not demonstrate sx
3
Q
Contact
A
exposure to a source of infection
4
Q
Contagious
A
capable of being transmited
5
Q
Host
A
an organism that harbors parasitic, mutualistic, or comemensalist guest
6
Q
Parasite
A
organism that lives on ir in a host and gets its food from or at expense of the host
7
Q
Pathogen
A
an infectious agent or organism
8
Q
Infection
A
invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent
9
Q
Portal of Entry
A
a pathway inot the host that gives an aggest access to tissue
10
Q
Reservoir
A
area in which infectious pathogen natrurally lives and reproduces
11
Q
Zoonosis
A
transmissible from non-humans to humans
12
Q
Epidemic
A
an increase in number of cases of disease specific to an area
13
Q
Pandemic
A
occurring over a widespread area
14
Q
Arbovirus
A
arthropod-borne virus
15
Q
Immunity, active
A
resistance developed to an antigen
16
Q
Immunity, passive
A
transfer of active immunity produced from another host (short term)
17
Q
Immunity, herd
A
majority of a group is restitant or immune to a pathogen
18
Q
Incubation period
A
timet interval from being infected to symptoms
19
Q
Latency Period
A
time interval from of being infected to infetiousness
20
Q
Subclinical infection
A
an infection that is nearly or completely asymptomatic
21
Q
Syndrome
A
combination of symptoms characterisitc of disease or condition
22
Q
Indirect contact
A
transmission occurs when there is no direct human-human contact
23
Q
Prodrome
A
indicate the onset of a disease
24
Q
First medical condition to have a developed prodrome
A
schizophrenia
25
3 classes of human parasites
protozoa
helminths
ectoparasites
26
Are parasitic infections reporatble?
yes
27
Srcodina
the ameba
28
Parasite transmission
protozoa harbor in GI and are transmitted fecal-oral routes
29
Mastigophora
flagellates
30
Ciliophora
the cilates
31
Sporozoa
non motile adult stage organism
32
Leading cause of waterborne disease in the US
cryptosporidium
33
Helminth
large multicellular organism visible to the naked eye; invades GI
34
Platyhelminth
flatworm
35
Acanthocephalins
thorny-headed worm
36
Nematode
roundworms
37
Roundworm types
ascaris
hookworms
38
Ectoparasites (4)
flea, tick, lice, mite
39
Parasitic Infection Lab/Studies
fecal exam
endo/colonoscopy
blood test
XRAY/MRI
40
West Nile Virus incubation period
2-6 days
41
Leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease
West Nile Virus
42
West Nile Virus Transmitted by
culex mosquito; blood transfusion
43
Where do Culex mosquitos contract West Nile Virus?
birds
44
WNV presentation
80% asymptomatic; fever; neurologic illness; headache; weakness; rash; GI sx
45
Neuroinvasive WNV types
meningitis or encephalitis
46
WNV labs (2)
ELISA for IgM
CSF
47
WNV tx
symptomatic
MEDEVAC if neurological
48
Malaria caused by
female anopheles mosquito
49
Falciparum is what phase of malaria?
blood
50
Malaria incubation period
7-30 days
51
Lethal Malaria
Falciparum
52
Malaria sx
cyclic fevers*
flu-like symptoms
jaundice
anemia
53
Paroxysmal fever cycle
cold stage 1 hr
febrile stage 2-6 hr
diaphoretic stage 2-4 hr
cycle lasts 48-72 hr
54
Two Malaria treatment regimens in US (2)
Malarone
Coartem
55
Mosquitos not found above what elevation
6k ft
56
Uncomplicated Malaria tx
chloroquine phosphate 1g PO
.5g 6 hours later
.5g daily next two days
57
Chloroquine Resistant Malaria tx
Malarone 4 tabs PO QD3
58
Severe Malaria tx
Artesunate 2.4mg IV
Doxy 100mg
59
Malaria P.ovale tx
Primaquine 52.6mg (14 days)
60
Malaria propholylaxis (4)
doxy
mefloquine
malarone
primaquine
61
Dengue fever aka
Breakbone Fever
62
Dengue fever prevelant area
tropic/subtropic
63
Dengue fever transmission
Aedes aegypti; mother to child; blood transfusion
64
Dengue Fever sx
75% asymptomatic;
fever fatigue and malaise
muscle, joint, bone pain
hemorrhagic manifestations
DIC like sx
65
Dengue fever 3 phass
febrile
critical
convalescent
66
Tourniquet test
inflate BP cuff to median pressure for 90-120 sec
20+ petechia per square inch is positive for dengue
67
Dengue shock syndrome
hypotension and shock despite tx
68
Tick borne illnesses
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lyme
69
RMSF scientific name
Rickettsia
70
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever most common location
Appalachian mountains
71
RMSF most common cause
hiking, camping
72
RMSF incubation
2-14 days
73
RMSF symptoms
fever
GI
myalgias
rash around eyes and hands
74
RMSF tx
Doxy
75
RMSF tick
American Dog (East coast)
Brown Dog (everywhere else)
76
Lyme Disease Tick
Ixodes blacklegged tick
77
Lyme disease hallmark
bullseye rash/target lesion
78
3 stages of Lyme Disease
Early
Acute Disseminated
Late
79
Most common affected joints of Lyme Disease
knees
80
Lyme Disease tx
Doxy BID 14 days for early and Disseminated
28 days for late
81
Late Lyme Disease hallmark
arthritis
82
Lyme disease precatuions
Doxy 200mg PO daily
protective clothing
Tick checks Q12
DEET
83
Early/Disseminated Lyme Disease dispostion
MEDADVICE
84
Leishmaniasis caused by what organism
L. Tropica
85
2 subtypes of Leishmaniasis
New World and Old World
86
Leishmaniasis sx
non healing pruritic lesion
painless
sand flea bite
87
Leishmaniasis tx
debridement
cleaning
bandage/wrap
88
Leishmaniasis med (3)
oral antifungals
“amphotericin b deoxycholate”
antimonial
89
Osteomyelitis 2 types
MRSA and MSSA
90
2 MRSA types
CA (community) and HA (hospital)
91
MRSA labs/diagnostics
Wound Culture
US
92
MRSA medications
Septra (Bactrim)
Doxy
Clindamycin
93
MRSA tx
I&D
irrigation
do no suture
94
Fight bite tx
control bleed
clean wound
do not close
antibiotics
bandage
24h f/u
IMZ
95
Clenched Fist Injury aka
Fight Bite
96
Tetanus booster following injury
if longer than 5 years ago
if unkown
if less than 3 doses recieved
97
Avoid what antibiotics in human bites
keflex
dicloxacillin
Macrolides (-mycin)
98
Human Bite dispositions
MEDADVICE unless neurovascular or avulsion
99
Most common cause of OM in young adults
trauma
100
Most common cause of OM in older adults
contagious spread of infection from adjacent tissue
101
2 pillars of OM tx
surgical containment
antibiotic therapy
102
Tetanus scientific name
Clostridium Tetani
103
Fatal component of tetanus
exotoxin-mediated
104
Minimum lethal dose of tetanus
2.5 nanograms per KG
105
Tetanus antibiotics
Metronidazole IV
Pen G IV
106
Neutralization of unbound tetanus toxin
TIG
HTIG
500 units in different location than Tetanus Immunization
107
Dengue Fever, fever type
Saddle back
108
Meningitis bacterial causes (6)
strep pneumonia
group b strep
meningitidis
influenza
e. coli
listeria
109
Meningitis viral causes (7)
entero virus
coxsack
echo
WNV
influenza
Epstein Barr
HSV
110
Classic Menigeal Tetrad
fever
nuchal rigidity
AMS
severe headache
111
How to determine meningitis type?
CSF
112
Meningitis antibiotics
Ceftriaxone 2G IV Q12h
or
PEN-G 4 mu IV Q4h
113
Meningitis steroid
Dexamethasone 4mg IV
114
Meningitis chemoprophylaxis
Ceftiraxone 250mg IM one time
Cipro 500mg PO one time
115
Mono sx
malaise
fever
cervical lymphadenopathy
spleen enlargement
rash
116
Mono tx
symptomatic
117
Rabies organism type
Rhabdoviridae
118
Aerophobia
phalangeal muscle spasm triggered by feeling of air
119
Rabies post exposure prophylaxis (unvaccinated)
wound cleansing
RIG
vaccine 4 shots (0,3,7,21)
120
Rabies post exposure prophylaxis (vaccinated)
wound cleansing
vaccine 2 shots (0,3)
121
Diarrhea
3 or more loose/watery stools within 24 hours
122
Acute Diarrhea
<14 days
123
Persistent Diarrhea
14-30 days
124
Chronic Diarrhea
>30 days
125
Mild diarrhea
tolerable/ non distressing
126
Moderate diarrhea
distressing and interferes with daily life
127
Severe diarrhea
incapacitating
128
Most effective prevention of diarrhea
hand washing
129
Diarrhea viral causes
norovirus
rotavirus
130
Diarrhea bacterial causes
E.coli
Shigella
Salmonella
Bacterial toxin releasing
131
Diarrhea protozoal causes
giardia
entamoeba
132
Campylobacter hallmark
frequent bloody bowel movements 10x a day
133
Giardia hallmark
foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea
134
Giardia tx
Flagyl aka Metronidazole
135
Campylobacter incubation
2-5 days
136
Typhoid diarrhea hallmark
pea soup
137
E. coli incubation
3-4 days
138
2 E. Coli types
ETEC (travelers/non-inflammatory)
EHEC (inflammatory)
139
Mild Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral rehydration
ODT
140
Moderate Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral Rehydration
ODT
Azithromycin or Cipro
141
Severe Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral Rehydration
Azithromycin or Cipro
IV LR with Ondansetron
142
Vibrio associated with
salt water
143
When to consider MEDADVICE or MEDEVAC diarrhea
fever >103F
positive hemoccult
inability to rehydrate
multiple patients
144
Tetanus incubation
10-21 days
145
Lyme's disease incubation
3-30 days
146
Rabies incubation
1-3 months
147
Isolation for asymptomatic rabies patients
10-14 days
148
Leshminiasis incubation period
2 weeks to several months
149
Mono incubation period
4-6 weeks
150
Influenza types affecting humans
A/B
151
Influenza highest infectiousness
within 3 days of onset
152
Influenza 2 structures
Hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3)
Neuraminidase (N1 and N2)
153
Flu sx
constitutional symptoms
non productive cough
sore throat
substernal soreness
rales
154
Influenza resolves within
1-7 days
155
Influenza antiviral
Oseltamivir 75mg BID x5 days
156
Tuberculosis bacteria shape
rod
157
TB incubation
3-12 weeks
158
Leading cause of infectious death world wide
TB
159
TB vaccine
Bacille Calmette-Guerin
160
TB diagnosis capability on ship
TST
161
GHON focus
TB lesion/granuloma
162
GHON complex
affected area of lower region of lung
163
TB Exposure Risk Assessment
NAVMED 6224/7
164
LTBI meds
INH/Rifampin
165
TB monthly evaluation form
6224/9
166
TB latency
10-60 years
167
Gold standard for confirmatory TB diagnosis
sputum test
168
Anthrax bacteria
bacillus anthracis
169
Anthrax incubation
1-7 days
170
4 presentations of anthrax
cutaneous
ingestion
injection
inhalation
171
Cutaneous Anthrax hallmark
Eschar with edema
172
Anthrax antiobiotics
Cipro
Doxy
Levo
173
Anthrax initial presentation
small painless papule progresses to bulla; bulla progresses to eschar
174
Most reported STI
chlamydia
175
Chlamydia- Gonorrhea co-infection rate
50%
176
Gold Standard Chlamydial test
NAAT
177
Chlamydia tx
Doxy
Azithromycin
178
Reiter's syndrome
arthritis
conjunctivitis
urethritis
179
Recommended chlamydia retest
3 months
180
Gonorrhea oragism
gram-negative diplococci bacteria
181
Gonorrhea scientific name
Neisseria gonorrhea
182
Gonorrhea incubation
1-14 days
183
Gonorrhea test
NAAT
184
Gonorrhea tx
Ceftriaxone IM
Doxy PO
Azithromycin PO
185
Syphilis scientific name
treponema pallidum
186
Syphilis incubation
10-90 days; average is 21
187
Primary Syphilis hallmark
painless chancre
188
Secondary Syphilis hallmark
skin rashes around mucous membranes, trunk, palms, and soles
189
Latent Syphilis
no visible signs or symptoms
190
Tertiary Syphilis sx
Aortitis
Neurosyphilis
Gummatous syphilis
191
Syphilis tests
RPR
Fat-abs**********
192
Syphilis tx
Penicillin G/ Bicillin
193
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
acute febrile reaction to syphilis tx with headache and rigors
194
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction tx
Tylenol or NSAIDs; self-resolves in 12 hours
195
Trich caused by what protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis
196
Most common protzoal STI
trichomonas
197
Thricomonas infects what
squamous epitheliam in urogenital tract; strawberry cervix is hallmark
198
Thrichomonas sx
itching, pain, discharge
199
Trich labs
wet mount
NAAT
200
NAAT
nucleic acid amplification test
201
Trich tx
Metronidazole
202
Hep A transmission
Transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or
food, and fecal-oral route to include certain sex practices
203
Hep B transmission
Transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen,
body fluids, contaminated blood products, and IV drug use
204
Hep C transmission
Transmitted through exposure to infective blood, HCV
contaminated blood & blood products, and IV drug use.
Sexual transmission is possible but less common
205
Hepatitis type without vaccine
C
206
Which vaccine provides protection from Hep D
Hep B
207
Hep E transmission
contaminated water or food
208
Hepatitis presentation
Fatigue, fever, muscle/joint pains, runny nose, pharyngitis,
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
209
What develops within 1-3 weeks of Hepatitis
RUQ px and jaundice
210
Hepatitis tx
symptomatic/MEDEVAC/SIQ
211
Hepatitis prevention
condoms and vaccination
212
Most common viral STI
HPV
213
Is HPV reportable
no
214
Genital Wart low-risk cancer types
6 &11
215
HPV tx
cryo
imiquimod
podophyllotoxin solution
216
HPV vaccine age
11-26
217
Genital Wart high-risk cancer types
16 & 18
218
Genital warts aka
condyloma acuminata
219
HIV incubation
2-4 weeks
220
Acute phase of HIV
acute retroviral syndrome
221
ARS sx
rash, fever, pain
222
HIV prophylaxis post-exposure types
nPEP (non-occupational)
PEP (occupational)
223
HIV tx
Medadvice/Medevac
Antiretroviral medication
224
HIV instruction
DODI 6485.01
225
Most accurate HIV test
4th Gen
226
Avoid what drugs in dengue
NSAID/Aspirin
227
Oral med for leishmaniasis
oral -azoles
228
Most common viral diarrhea
norovirus
229
Most common bacterial diarrhea
campylobacter (most common overall)
230
Most common parasitic diarrhea
giardia
231
Malaria confirmatory lab
blood smear
232
Leishmaniasis disposition
MEDEVAC
233
IV antibiotic for OM
Vancomycin or Ceftriaxone
234
Tetanus booster following injury
if longer than 5 years ago
if unknown
if less than 3 doses received
235
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
235
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
236
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
