Ideas of Equilibrium Flashcards
What are the conditions for Equilibrium?
-closed system, particles cannot enter nor leave
-approached from either direction, final equilibrium position will be the same
-dynamic process, rates of two opposing processes are the same
-macroscopic properties don’t change, density;pressure;concentration remain same
How is a reversible reaction represented?
by a forwards and backwards arrow
What does Le Chatelier’s principle state?
If a system is changed, the equilibrium moves in the direction that opposes the change
How does increasing the concentration of one reactant affect the position of equilibrium?
requires equilibrium to shift in forwards direction (to products) to oppose the change by reducing the reactant
How can decreasing the concentration of one reactant affect the position of equilibrium?
requires equilibrium to shift in the backwards direction (to reactants) to oppose the change and restore the reactant
How does increasing pressure affect the position of the equilibrium?
requires equilibrium to shift to the side with the fewest molecules and oppose the change
Why when pressure is increased, does the equilibrium shift to the side with fewest molecules?
exert less pressure
If a reversible reaction is exothermic in one direction, what is it in the opposite direction?
endothermic
What does Le Chatelier’s principle state if you increase the temperature at equilibrium?
requires equilibrium to shift in the direction which cools it down to oppose the change
How would increasing the temperature of a forwards EXOTHERMIC reaction affect the position of equilibrium?
requires equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction to oppose the change
Why does the equilibrium shift in the endothermic direction when the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased?
endothermic absorbs heat which in turn cools it down/opposes change
How do catalysts affect equilibrium?
do not affect position of equilibrium
HOWEVER…
allows equilibrium to be reached faster
