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MRB 122 Remote Sensing & GIS > Identification > Flashcards

Identification Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

a set of things working together as part of a mechanism or an interconnecting network

A

System

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2
Q

an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing
information, knowledge, and digital products.

A

Information System

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3
Q

a system (usually computer system) designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data

A

Geographic Information System

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4
Q

“Knowing where things are and why,
is essential to rational decision making.”

A

Jack Dangermond

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5
Q

the vehicle which carries a sensor. i.e. satellite,
aircraft, balloon, UAV, boat, etc…

A

Platform

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6
Q

device that receives electromagnetic radiation
and converts it into a signal that can be recorded and displayed as either numerical data or an image

A

Sensors

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7
Q

Types of Remote Sensing

A

Passive and Active Remote Sensing

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8
Q

the remote sensing of energy naturally reflected or radiated from the terrain.

A

Passive Remote Sensing

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9
Q

the remote sensing methods that provide their own source of electromagnetic radiation to illuminate the terrain. Example on this are RaDAR and LiDAR

A

Active Remote Sensing

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10
Q

Types of Satellite
Satellites can be classified by their orbit characteristics

A

Low Earth Orbits/Satellites
Sun-synchronous Orbits/Satellites
Geostationary Orbits/Satellites

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11
Q

Some satellites capable to acquire stereo pair images that can be achieved when two images of the same area are acquired on different days from different orbits, one taken East of the other (i.e., East or West of the nadir).

A

Stereo Pair Remote Sensing Data Collection

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12
Q

normally used in spy satellite (Military purposes)

A

Low Earth Orbits/Satellites

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13
Q

a polar orbit where the satellite always crosses the Equator at the same local solar time. Most of the earth resources satellites are sun-synchronous orbit.

A

Sun-synchronous Orbits/Satellites

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14
Q

Example of Sun-synchronous orbits/satellites

A
  • Landsat TM/ETM
  • SPOT
  • ALOS
  • IKONOS
  • QuickBird
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15
Q

are satellites at very high altitudes, which view the same portion of the Earth’s surface at all times. Especially used in metrological applications.

A

Geostationary Orbits/Satellites

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16
Q

Three main components that defines the GIS

A

Computer System
Geographic data
Methods for data management and analysis

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17
Q

When did the history of GIS all started?

A

1854 in city of London, England

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18
Q

He began mapping outbreak locations, roads, property boundaries and water lines.
Also called the Cholera Map

A

Dr. John Snow

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19
Q

in what year is the GIS Dark Ages wherein maps were simple and no computer yet and one option was sieve mapping which uses transparent layers on lighted table to identify areas of overlap

A

year 1950s

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20
Q

In what year is the GIS Pioneering stage

A

year 1960 to 1975

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21
Q

On this stage, pieces in GIS were coming together with advancements in technology:

A

GIS Pioneering stage, year 1960 to 1975

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22
Q

Stage of GIS where they had their place in vehicle routing, new development planning, and locating points of interest

A

The GIS Dark Ages, before 1960

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23
Q

He is the father of GIS

A

Roger Tomlinson

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24
Q

Stage of GIS where the development of Canadian Geographic System (CGIS) occur

A

GIS Pioneering, year 1960 to 1975

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25
Were early adopters of some of the core principles of GIS
US Census Bureau
26
Led to the digital input of the 1970 Census using the data format GBF-DIME (Geographic Base File – Dual Independent Map Encoding).
Pioneering work by the US Census Bureau
27
They started their routine topographic map development.
The Ordinance Survey in the UK
28
Stage of GIS where the government realization on the advantages of digital mapping influenced the work of the Harvard Laboratory Computer Graphics.
GIS Software Commercialization
29
Name of the publication of Roger Tomlinson
A Geographic Information System for Regional Plannning
30
It was in this period in the history of GIS when it really took off since all the ingredients were ready for the infiltration of GIS to the people:
User Proliferation, year 1990 to 2010
31
Stage of GIS where computer processors are now in gigahertz, graphics cards are crisper than they’ve ever been before.
The Open Source Explosion, year 2010 Onward
32
When did the GISci originated?
early years of 4th stage of GIS development
33
He presented the Geographic Information Science (GISci)
Michael F. Goodchild of the University of California
34
the scientific discipline that studies data structures and computational techniques to capture, represent, process, and analyse geographic information.
Geographic Information Science (GISci)
35
It is the systematic studies on the use of geographic information.
Geographic Information Studies (GISt)
36
Emphasis on technology and tools for geographic information.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
37
5 Basic Components of GIS
Software Hardware Methods People Data
38
Types of GIS Data (Feature) Storage
Vector Data Raster Data
39
data storage method uses shapes to represent features. There are three basic features shape
Vector
40
Three basic features shape of Vector Data
Points Lines (arcs) Polygons
41
data storage method is used to represent continuous data. This data can occur at every location on the earth and does not have distinct boundaries or well-defined shapes.
Raster
42
Example of Raster Data
Precipitation Ground Cover Temperature
43
feature’s shape is defined by its location coordinates which may be in latitude and longitude or another system of measurement
Vector
44
One set of coordinates defines a ______ feature.
Point
45
Two or more sets of coordinates that are connected define a ________ feature.
Line
46
Multiple sets of coordinates that are connected and closed define a ________feature
Polygon
47
use matrices of square cells (grids, pixels) of same size to store data.
Raster
48
tables of data describing spatial features
Attribute tables
49
Basic GIS Function
Capture Store Query Analyze Display Output
50
are psychological tools that we all use every day
Mental Maps
51
Five types of Geographic questions
Location Distribution Association Interaction Change
52
Is a concept that distinguishes geography from other fields and it is a central to a GIS. Simply a position on the surface of the earth, but what more is that nearly everything can have a geographic location.
Location
53
Location can be described in:
Nominal Term Relative Term Absolute Term
54
locations are simply defined and described by name
Nominal Term
55
refers to defining and describing places in relation to other known locations
Relative Term
56
locations that use some type of reference system to define positions on the earth’s surface
Absolute Term
57
refers to the position of something relative to something else usually along a line
Direction
58
One of the most common benchmarks used to determine direction is ourselves, which is called _________ direction. “to my left,” “behind me,” or “next to me” are examples of egocentric direction
Egocentric
59
Three more standard benchmarks that are used to define the Directions
True North Magnetic North Grid North
60
refers to the point on the surface of the earth where the earth’s magnetic fields converge
Magnetic North
61
simply refers to the northward direction that the grid lines of latitude and longitude on a map, called a graticule, point to.
Grid North
62
based on the point at which the axis of the earth’s rotation intersects the earth’s surface.
True North
63
refers to degree or amount of separation between locations and can be measured in nominal or absolute terms with various units
Distance
64
between locations can be expressed as “large” or “small,” or we can describe two or more locations as “near” or “far apart.
Nominal distance
65
Measured or Calculated using a standard metric
Absolute distance
66
Is a more abstract concept than distance that it is more commonly described rather than measured. For example, space can be described as “empty,” “public,” or “private.”
Space
67
A destination-oriented travel are generally referred to as _________, which was being illustrated in transportation maps previously presented how people move through the environments where they live, work, and play.
Navigation
68
Three types of geographic knowledge
Landmark knowledge Route knowledge Survey knowledge
69
refers to our ability to locate and identify unique points, patterns, or features (e.g., landmarks) in space.
Landmark knowledge
70
permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space.
Route knowledge
71
enables us to understand where landmarks are in relation to each other and to take shortcuts.
Shortcut knowledge
72
Landmark, route, and survey knowledge are the cornerstones of having a sense of direction and frame our geographical learning and awareness.
Navigation
73
the formal study of maps and mapping
cartography
74
This is the family of maps that are used to locate features on the surface of the earth.
Reference Map
75
This is the family of maps that are about a particular topic or theme
Thematic Map
76
Maps which are changeable or interactive representations of the earth and its resident phenomena.
Dynamic Maps
77
the three-dimensional coordinate system commonly used to define locations on the earth’s surface
Geographic Coordinate System
78
Unit of measure in the GCS (Geographic Coordinate System) is ________
Degrees
79
is measured relative to the equator at zero degrees, with max. of either 90 degrees north at the North Pole or 90 degrees south at the South Pole.
Latitude
80
is measured relative to the prime meridian (Greenwich) at 0 degrees, with maxima of 180 degrees west or 180 degrees east.
Longitude
81
is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used to locate places on the Earth (or similar objects)
Geodetic Datum
82
Three surfaces used for map projections
Plane Cone Cylinder
83
Map projections that accurately represent distances
equidistant projections
84
are used for navigational purposes due to the importance of maintaining a bearing or heading when traveling great distances.
Conformal
85
equivalent projections, preserve the quality of area.
Equal area
86
Map projections that accurately represent distances are referred to as _______
equidistant projections
87
used for navigational purposes due to the importance of maintaining a bearing or heading when traveling great distances.
Conformal map projections
88
preserve the quality of area
Equal area or equivalent area
89
The process by which real world phenomena or object are explicitly, consistently and precisely defined and described or expressed as features on a map
Map Abstraction
90
are well defined and are easy to locate, measure, and count, and their edges or boundaries are readily defined
Discrete features
91
are less well defined and exist across space
Continuous features
92
used to identify particular geographic features, like cities, bodies of water, or other points of interest.
Annotation
93
provides users information about the how geographic information is represented graphically
Map legend
94
refers to the process of resolving conflicts associated with too much detail, too many features, or too much information to map.
Map generalization

MRB 122 Remote Sensing & GIS (1 decks)

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