Identification

Question 1

How to tell animals apart

Answer 1

Colouration/markings/wells
Name
Breed
Behaviour (energetic/noisy etc)
Microchips
Age
Collars/tags
Size
Nicks/scars/abnormalities

Question 2

What methods are used to make sure animals registered to us

Answer 2

Ear tags/tags
Passports
Branding (hot and freeze)
Tattooing
Microchips
Fin clip (fish)

Question 3

Considerations when marking/taggign animals

Answer 3

Placement (hindrance/fits well)
Pain
Correct details/can be changed easily
Can break easily (head collars)

Question 4

Governing body for cats

Answer 4

The Governing council of the Cat Fancy - aims to look at breed standards and provide information and advice for owners and reputable breeders

Question 5

Top 10 cat breeds

Answer 5

British shorthair
Bengal
Siamese
Maine coon
Persian
Ragdoll
Russian blue
Scottish fold
Savannah cat
Sphynx

Question 6

Government body for dogs

Answer 6

Kennel club - designed to look at breed standards and reputable breeding

Question 7

Kennel club groups

Answer 7

Terrier
Working (Rottweiler)
Gun dogs/sporting (spaniel)
Toy (chihuahua)
Pastoral/herding (collie)
Hounds (basset)
Utility (Dalmatian)

Question 8

How many horse breeds

Answer 8

300

Question 9

How are horses grouped

Answer 9

By purpose (draught/thoroughbreds etc)

Question 10

Bird classification

Answer 10

Psittaciformes (parrots/mackaws)
Passseriformes (budgies/canaries)
Columbiformes (pigeon/dove)
Falconiformes (raptors birds of prey)
Strigiformes (night birds-owls)
Galliformes (pheasants/fowls/chickens)
Anseriformes (water birds)

Question 11

3 main groups of bird colours

Answer 11

Carotenoids - from plant materials (yellow/orange/red/blue/green)
Melanins - browns/blacks
Porphyrines - from amino acid produce all colours

Question 12

Structural colours in birds

Answer 12

Refraction from light by proteins in feathers

Question 13

Iridescent feathers in birds

Answer 13

Works like a prism splitting the light into different components

Question 14

What should dog tags have on (legality)

Answer 14

Owners name
Address (postcode)
Telephone number (optional)
Don’t put dogs name

Question 15

Fine for dog not wearing tag

Answer 15

Upto £5000

Question 16

Exception for not wearing tags

Answer 16

Service dogs
Police dog/working dogs
Hounds
Gundogs
Race greyhounds
Sheep dogs

Question 17

Ear tags

Answer 17

Used on farm animal
Legal requirements
Vet surgeon can allow exemption
Enables biosecurity
Regs of DEFRA

Question 18

Who needs to be microchipped

Answer 18

Dogs, horses, exotics, cats (10th June 2024 legally)

Question 19

What age should dog be microchipped

Answer 19

8 weeks - breeders adress
Stray - rescue adress

Question 20

What age should horse be microchipped

Answer 20

6 months - breeders adress

Question 21

Fine for no microchip (dog)

Answer 21

£500 (21days grace to get tag and not be charged)

Question 22

Placement of microchip

Answer 22

Scruff of neck (cats/dogs/rodents)
Left side of neck - middle 3rd nuchae ligament (horse)
Left pectoral muscle (bird)

Question 23

Is a microchip proof of ownership

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Tattooing placements

Answer 24

Lips on horses
Ears on dogs
Can be removed / amputated

Question 25

Freeze branding

Answer 25

Permanent unique mark on skin Not that painful? Freezes hair follicules to change/damage colour

Question 26

Hot branding (mostly banned)

Answer 26

Red hot irons placed on skin to burn/scar it Unique and permanent Cattle and horses Painful Exmoor ponies on hindquarter

Question 27

Reasons for freeze branding

Answer 27

Used as a deterrent to thieves as permanent marking cannot be removed

Question 28

Horse passport regulations revoked

Answer 28

The equine identification regulations 2018 All horses, ponies and donkeys must has a horse passport Make sure horses that have been treated with certain medication don’t go into food intended for humans

Question 29

When should horse passport be produced

Answer 29

Owner must have passport on them at all times when with the animal May have to show to trading standard inspector or animal health officer Can be fined upto £5000 if Passover not valid

Question 30

Where is an animals genetic code found

Answer 30

In their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A long double helix molecule present in every living cell Contains thousands of genes

Question 31

Genes

Answer 31

Provide specific DNA code or sequence that leads to inherited characteristics which are passed to offspring via reproduction

Question 32

Chromosomes

Answer 32

Tightly bound unit of DNA Contain hundreds of thousands ofgenes Found in pairs within cells known as alleles (2separate copies of each gene)

Question 33

How many chromosomes does a horse have

Answer 33

64 (32 pairs)

Question 34

How many chromosomes does a dog have

Answer 34

78 (39 pairs)

Question 35

How many chromosomes does a cat have

Answer 35

38 (19 pairs)

Question 36

How many chromosomes does a rabbit have

Answer 36

44 (22 pairs)

Question 37

What is the exception to the rule regarding paired chromosomes

Answer 37

Sperm and egg cells Each cell only gets one copy of each chromosome (haploid cells) Together they make a diploid cell

Question 38

Dominant and recessive alleles

Answer 38

Dominant = single copy of that allele will express the trait (autosomal dominant) Recessive = both alleles must be in the same order for that trait to be observed (autosomal recessive)

Question 39

What is a mutation

Answer 39

Errors that occur during processes of DNA replication May have negative, positive or no effect

Question 40

DNA testing - where from

Answer 40

Cheek swabbing Blood sample Hair follicle

Question 41

Why we DNA Test

Answer 41

Parentage analysis Breed strategies and variations -Desirable characteristic Hereditary diseases Identification of unwanted genes Sexing for exotics

Question 42

Blood typing why

Answer 42

Correct match for blood transfusions Cats - mismatch could be fatal Dogs - can give one non typed transfusion safely but second must be a blood match Horses - not routinely typed

Question 43

When is the only time when it is acceptable to travel a horse without a passport

Answer 43

Travelling to the vets for emergency treatment

Question 44

Can a horse still be treated by vets if section XI on the passport has been signed stating the horse is intended for human consumption

Answer 44

Yes but withdrawal periods must be adhered to and all drugs must be records in medicines book

Question 45

Equine passport requirements

Answer 45

Diagram - markings Section XI - drugs list for food chain

Question 46

What is signified by a black cross on horse passport

Answer 46

Whorls (where hair grows from)

Question 47

What is signified by a black/red arrow on horse passport

Answer 47

Scars (red pen used if horse is white)

Question 48

What is signified by a black triangle on horse passport

Answer 48

Prophets thumb- dent

Question 49

What is signified by a red border/solid line with hatching on horse passport

Answer 49

White hair

Question 50

What is signified by thick black lines on horse passport

Answer 50

Zebra marks

Question 51

What is signified by solid red on horse passport

Answer 51

White skin or hooves

Question 52

Drawing of the horse is outlined in what colour on passport

Answer 52

Black unless the horse is white

Question 53

Different face markings on a horse

Answer 53

Star Stripe Blaze Star, stripe, snip Snip Bald face/white face Star and stripe

Question 54

Different leg markings on horse

Answer 54

Coronet Pastern Sock Half stocking Stocking Outside heel white extending Outside heel Inside heel