Identification Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the definition of identification?
It is the recognition of a person through certain features that distinguish him from all other individuals.
In which situations is identification required?
- Civil situations (inheritance, missing persons, or disputed paternity)
- Medico-legal conditions (medical documents or certificates)
- Legal cases (accidents, crimes, or mass disasters)
What are the methods for identifying age from bones?
- Skull
- Long bones
- Sternum
- Clavicle
- Pelvis
What does closure of fontanels indicate in skull development?
The posterior fontanel is closed at full term. The anterior fontanel is 3 fingers at full term and closes at 18 months after birth.
At what age does the frontal suture close?
Frontal suture closes at 2 years (30 years in Negroid individuals).
What is the sequence of teeth eruption in milk dentition?
- Central incisors at 6 months
- Lateral incisors at 9 months
- First molar teeth at 12 months
- Canine teeth at 18 months
- Second molar teeth at 24 months
What are the characteristics of permanent dentition?
- 32 teeth
- Ivory white in color without serrated edges
- Larger, stronger, and broader than milk teeth
When do the first permanent molars erupt?
The first permanent molars erupt at 6 years.
What is the significance of ossification centers in identifying age?
Enumerate
- O.C. calcaneus at 5th month
- O.C. talus at 7th month
- The lower end of the femur at 8th month
- The lower end of radius and tibia at 2nd year
At what age do the ends of metatarsal and phalanges unite with their shaft?
18 years.
What is the age of complete civil rights?
21 years.
What are the suggestive methods for identifying sex?
- Examination of general appearance
- Examination of external genitalia and body hair distribution
What are the sure methods for identifying sex?
- Detection of gonads (ovary and testicles)
- Detection of sex chromosomes (X and Y)
What is the significance of fingerprints in identification?
The pattern is absolutely individual even in uniovular twins.
What are some uses of footprints in identification?
- Identifying pathways of missed people
- Estimating height from distance between prints
- Indicating running or carrying heavy objects
What is the significance of teeth in forensic identification?
- Special characters in teeth (size, irregularities)
- Examining DNA from dental bulb
What types of poisoning can be diagnosed through teeth examination?
- Chronic Arsenic poisoning
- Mercury, Lead, Copper, Bismuth, Cadmium
What are the key aspects of hair examination in forensic science?
- Color, form, and distribution of hair
- DNA profiling of the root sheath
What is the age of marriage in both sexes?
18 years.
At what age do males and females have complete civil rights?
21 years.
What are the ages of medico-legal importance for boys and girls?
- 15 years for custody in divorce
- 14 years for age of puberty in males
- 18 years for age of consent in females
What is the age of pension?
60 years.
What color indicates the presence of Copper in hair examination?
Green
What color indicates the presence of Bismuth in hair examination?
Black
