Identification of infectious diseases processes Flashcards
(50 cards)
The ability of an organism to grow and multiply.
Virulence
What is the initial element in virulence?
a. favored site of invasion
b. avoidance of host defense mechanisms of resistance
c. ability of an organism to survive in the external environment during transit between hosts
d. mechanism for transmission to a new host
c. ability of an organism to survive in the external environment during transit between hosts
It is an adaptive immune response which is induced, mediated, or regulated by T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes.
cell-mediated immune system
What is the etiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis?
a. Clostridium perfringens
b. Clostridium difficile
c. Clostridium botulinum
d. Clostridium tetani
b.Clostridium difficile
A slimy covering secreted by some bacteria.
Glycocalyx
Self-produced, polymeric conglomerations of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides that confer resistance against different environmental stresses, including immune responses and antimicrobial agents.
Biofilms
What organism is responsible for the most immediate postoperative surgical site infections, beginning in less than 24 hours from incision? a. Streptococcus pyogenes b. Staphylococcus epididirmidis c.Streptococcus pneumoniae D. Haemophilus influenzae
a.Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacterial toxin which enhances invasion by killing protective neutrophils and enhances rapid spread of infection by digesting subcutaneous proteins;
Panton- Valentine leukocidin of MRSA
Neither CD4 nor CD8 cells, have the ability to lyse and kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells.
Natural killer (NK) cells
The major circulating and extravascular (interstitial) antibody-a protein molecule of approximately 160,000 molecular weight that possesses two Fab reactive sites linked to one Fc component.
Immunoglobulin G (lgG)
The late-occurring immunoglobulin in an immune response and is the longest lived; enters interstitial tissue relatively easily, it is the major antibody to protect “tissue.”
Immunoglobulin G (lgG)
The first reacting immunoglobulin in an adaptive immune response to an infection and is generally produced for no more than 6 months after the onset of the infection.
lgM
The principal secretory antibody in humans, primarily produced in plasma cells residing in mucous membranes
Immunoglobulin A (lgA)
The principal allergy-inducing immunoglobulin, known as reagin.
Immunoglobulin E (lgE)
What type of immunoglobulin is highly effective in preventing virus infections of the respiratory and intestinal mucosa, such as rhinovirus, influenza virus, coronavirus, and enteroviruses (e.g., poliovirus and Coxsackie virus). It is also thought to be a key protector against intestinal parasites.
a. Immunoglobulin M (lgM)
b. Immunoglobulin A (lgA)
c. Immunoglobulin E (lgE)
d. Immunoglobulin D (lgD)
b. Immunoglobulin A (lgA)
A low-activity enzyme secreted by mucous membranes and kills a narrow range of Gram-positive bacteria.
Lysozyme
The components of the human complement system include except`;
a. C1 q, r, and s
b. C4; C2; C3;
c. C5; C6; C7; C8; C9.
d. C10;C11;C12
d. C10;C11;C12
Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear [PMN] leukocytes or “polys”) consist of :
a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
b. Monocytes
C. Leukocytes
D. Blastocytes
a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
The principal antibacterial PMNs and the first cells to arrive at the site of an inflammatory focus.
Neutrophils
Important in hypersensitivity reactions and defense against parasites and are early arrivals at the site of a primary exposure to an antigenic substance.
Eosinophils
it implies an abundance of immature neutrophils (e.g., increased “band” forms of PMNs) in the peripheral blood
Left shift
The normal number of white blood cells (WBCs; collectively includes the five cell lines of leukocytes previously described- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) in peripheral blood is:
a. 4,000 and 10,000 cells/mm3
b. excess of 10,000
c. less than 4,000
d. below 1,000 cells/mm3or resides below 500
a. 4,000 and 10,000 cells/mm3
The Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices (ACIP) divides patients with immunocompromising disorders except:
1. patients with HIV infection
2. patients with severe immunosuppression not caused by HIV
3. patients with other conditions that cause limited immune deficits, such as asplenia, renal failure, diabetes, and alcoholism
4. patients with complete immunization
a. 1
b. 1,2,3
c. 1,3,4
d. 4
- patients with complete immunization
Patients at risk for development of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci should receive prophylactic antimicrobials for the duration of that risk. Alternatives for allergic patients include dapsone or atovaquone by mouth and pentamidine given by inhalation. What is the name of the prophylactic antimicrobials?
a. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
b. fluoroquinolones
c. posaconazole
d. alemtuzumab
a. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
