Identification of Unknown Bacteria: Help save baby Kuppelfangs from an epidemic! (Labster Lab Manual | F)

Question 1

What is the purpose of staining in microscopy and histology?

Answer 1

It is a technique to increase contrast in biological sxs

Question 2

What is the principle of action in staining?

Answer 2

Stains and dyes may interact w/ sp tissues, cell populations, organelles or proteins within the sx, w/c allows them to be more easily discerned or quantified

Question 3

What is the purpose of differential staining?

Answer 3

It is the process of differentiating bet diff kinds of cells

Question 4

What is the most widely used differential stain in the microbiology lab?

Answer 4

Gram stain

Question 5

What can be done to differential staining for the identification of unknown bacteria?

Answer 5

It can be combined w/ other techniques, such as differential and/or selective media or biochemical tests

Question 6

What is bacterial culturing?

Answer 6

It is the practice of growing bacteria in the lab

Question 7

What is the purpose of the culture medium?

Answer 7

To provide the nutrients that the bacteria need

Question 8

What are the types of media where bacteria can grow?

Answer 8

1) Liquid culture

2) Media made solid

Question 9

How is the culture media made solid?

Answer 9

By the addition of agar, w/c gives culture media a gel-like consistency

Question 10

What are the other conditions that are important for bacterial growth?

Answer 10

1) Temperature

2) Gas composition

Question 11

The other conditions that are important for bacterial growth are regulated by what?

Answer 11

Incubator

Question 12

What is a pure culture?

Answer 12

A culture that only contains only a single type of microorganism

Question 13

Provide exs of pure cultures

Answer 13

Some clinical sxs taken from normally sterile environments such as the blood or CSF

Question 14

Where can sxs that likely contains a mixture of diff microorganisms come from?

Answer 14

From sites w/ diverse microflora such as nasal sxs or stool sxs

Question 15

Can a pure culture be obtained from nasal sxs and stool sxs? If yes, how?

Answer 15

Yes, a pure culture can be obtained and maintained through sp culture conditions and good aseptic technique

Question 16

True or False

Bacteria take up nutrients from the environment and transform them into energy and cellular components

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Enzymes, proteins w/ catalytic act, are required to what?

Answer 17

To carry out many of the rxns necessary for metabolism

Question 18

Metabolic processes and enzymatic characteristics vary bet what?

Answer 18

Vary bet bacterial strains and spp

Question 19

Differences in metabolic processes and enzymatic characteristics of bacteria are exploited by what?

Answer 19

Exploited by differential or selective media and biochemical tests

Question 20

True or False

Diff parts of the human body are not colonized by bacteria

Answer 20

False, because diff parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria

Question 21

What are the diff characteristics of bacteria that may be present in the human body?

Answer 21

Bacteria may be:

1) Harmless or beneficial (commensals)
2) Disease-causing (pathogenic)

Question 22

What are the 2 MOTs of pathogens?

Answer 22

1) Directly

2) Indirectly

Question 23

How are pathogens transmitted indirectly? Provide an ex

Answer 23

Through ingesting contaminated food or H2O

Touching contaminated surfaces

Question 24

What are the various defenses of humans against the transmission of microorganisms?

Answer 24

1) Physical barriers (skin or mucous membranes)
2) The flow of saliva or mucus
3) Low pH
4) Bile salts

Question 25

How is the flow of saliva or mucus used as a defense against transmission of microorganisms?

Answer 25

To carry away microbes

Question 26

How are low pH and bile salts act as defenses against transmission of microorganisms?

Answer 26

They damage microorganisms

Question 27

What are the other term for commensal bacteria?

Answer 27

Also known as the normal flora, microbiota or collectively as the microbiome

Question 28

What is the action of commensal bacteria?

Answer 28

Can also help protect against pathogens by inhibiting the growth or other microbes or the competitive advantage they have in the particular niche

Question 29

What is the action brought by the immune system?

Answer 29

It allows the host to initiate a sp protective response to neutralize a microbial invasion

Question 30

What is the result when a pathogen breaks the host defenses (of a human)?

Answer 30

It may cause infectious disease