Ideologies and Historical Considerations

Question 1

Ideology

Answer 1

A system of ideas or philosophies that form political theories.

Question 2

Democracy

Answer 2

A system of government where citizens vote.

Question 3

Anarchism

Answer 3

Belief in the abolition of government.

Question 4

Authoritarianism

Answer 4

Belief in the enforcement of structured government.

Question 5

Libertarianism

Answer 5

A political system with limited government intervention.

Question 6

Communism

Answer 6

Extreme left-wing political ideology that came from marxism. Supports classless society, shared resources, economic equality.

Question 7

Socialism

Answer 7

Left-wing political ideology. Supports classless society, equality, public ownership.

Question 8

Liberalism

Answer 8

Centre left-wing political ideology. Supports individual rights and freedoms, rule of law, limited government, separation of the church and state, equality, and market economies.

Question 9

Progressivism

Answer 9

Support for social reform or change.

Question 10

Conservatism

Answer 10

Centre right-wing political ideology. Supports traditional values, rights and freedoms, free markets, privatization, rule of law, limited government.

Question 11

Fascism

Answer 11

Extreme right-wing politcal ideology. Supports authoritarianism and dictatorship, exclusion, nationalism, powerful military.

Question 12

Political/Economic Spectrums

Answer 12

Ways to visualize various beliefs. Ex. left-wing/right-wing spectrum.

Question 13

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 13

Absolute monarch/dictatorship
- freedom for security
- social contract
- against the divine right of kings
- state of nature

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

Socially conservative and limited government
- natural rights and freedoms can be given away
- separation of church and state
- governments are chosen by the people, and they can be overthrown
- life, liberty, property

Question 15

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 15

General will/socialist/democrat
- naturally good people sin because of society
- happy state of nature
- rights and freedoms for people

Question 16

Montesquieu

Answer 16

Liberal
- separation of powers (legislative, executive, judiciary)
- free market
- against absolute power

Question 17

Adam Smith

Answer 17

• founding father of the economy
• invisible hand and laissez-faire economy
• freedom for people
• importance of self-interest

Question 18

John Stuart Mill

Answer 18

Liberal
- greatest happiness for greatest people
- rights and freedoms until others are harmed

Question 19

Marxism

Answer 19

A political theory named after Karl Marx. What is now communism.

Question 20

Industrial Revolution

Answer 20

Shifting from a agriculture dependant economy to a industrial dependant economy.

Question 21

Self-Interest

Answer 21

Acting and making transactions that benefit the individual.

Question 22

Federalism

Answer 22

A system of government where the power is split between two levels of government.

Question 23

Limited Government

Answer 23

A principle of classical liberalism that means the government is not interfering or in total control.

Question 24

Rule of Law

Answer 24

A principle of classical liberalism that means everyone is subject to the law no matter social class.

Question 25

Social Contract

Answer 25

An agreement between members of society.

Question 26

Natural Rights

Answer 26

Rights that individuals would have in the state of nature.

Question 27

Status Quo

Answer 27

The way things currently are.

Question 28

Reactionary

Answer 28

An individual or group that aims to prevent change.

Question 29

Moderate

Answer 29

An individual or group that does not have extreme political views.

Question 30

Radical

Answer 30

An individual or group that wants change.

Question 31

Modern Liberalism

Answer 31

The way liberalism is done now. The political philosophy based on individual rights and freedoms and equality.

Question 32

Classical Liberalism

Answer 32

The father of liberalism. Following the primary principles of natural rights, rule of law, consent of the governed, and limited government.

Question 33

Privitisation

Answer 33

The transfer of affairs from public to private ownership.

Question 34

Individualism

Answer 34

Valuing the interests of an individual and their role in society over the collective.

Question 35

Collectivism

Answer 35

Valuing the rights of the community over the rights of the individual.

Question 36

Neo-Conservative

Answer 36

Having traditional conservative views.

Question 37

Neo-Liberal

Answer 37

Having traditional/classical liberal views.