Ideology

Question 1

(Marxism) How does the ruling class create ruling class ideology?

Answer 1

They control the means of production of ideas like education which they use to produce it

Question 2

(Marxism) what is ruling class ideology? Give examples

Answer 2

Ideas that legitimate or justify that status quo

e.g. victim blaming ideas about poverty caused by the myth of meritocracy (B+G)

and racist ideas about the inferiority of ethnic minorities to divide worlers and make them easier to control

Question 3

(Marxism) Gramsci

Answer 3

The WC can develop ideas to counter hegemony because workers have a dual consciousness (ruling class ideology and ideas developed from exploitation)

Question 4

Criticism of gramsci

Answer 4

Abercrombie- economic factors like fear of unemployment keeps workers from rebelling

Question 5

What does nationalism claim

Answer 5

Every nation should be self governing

National loyalty and identity should come before all others

Question 6

What does Anderson argue about narionalism

Answer 6

Nations are imagined communities because people identify with them but we dont know most of its members

Question 7

Marxism’s view of nationalism

Answer 7

A form of false class consciousness that prevents revolution by dividing WC internationally

This is because it encourages WC to think they have more in common with capitalists from their country than WC abroad- allows MC to persuade WC to fight in wars

Question 8

Functionalist view of nationalism

Answer 8

A civil religion that intergrates people into social units by making them feel as though they are part of something greater than themselves

Unites people of different religious backgrounds and education plays a large role in promoting nationalism e.g. learning the anthem

Question 9

What does Gellner argue about nationalism

Answer 9

A form of false class consciousness (like marx)

Elites use nationalism as ideology to motivate people to endure hardships that accompany industrialisation which enables the state to modernise

Question 10

(Mannheim) Two types of worldviews

Answer 10

1. IDEOLOGICAL THOUGHT
   - justifies keeping things the way they are and reflects the interests of priviledged groups
2. UTOPIAN THOUGHT
   - justifies social change and reflects the interests of the underpriviledged like Marxism

Question 11

(Mannheim) what are the 2 types of worldviews a result of?

Answer 11

Intellectuals that attach themselves to a particular group (e.g. Gramsci’s organic intellectuals)

These groups only represent parts of society because they only represent the interests of particular groups (the source of conflict)

Question 12

(Mannheim) solution to conflict in society

Answer 12

Create non aligned freefloating intelligentsia who are able to synthesis elements from partial ideologies to creat a complete worldview

Question 13

Role of partiarchal ideology. Give examples

Answer 13

Legitimates inequality

Marks- ideas from science have been used to prevent women going into education for fear of preventing women becoming mothers

e.g. the idea of menstruating women being unclean in orthodox Judaism