Ideology and History

Question 1

Laissez - Faire Economics

Answer 1

An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention.

Question 2

Social Contract Theory

Answer 2

People who live together in society follow an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behaviour. Can be explicit or implicit.

Question 3

The Two Row Wampum Belt (Kaswentha)

Answer 3

Symbolizes an agreement of mutual respect and peace between the Haudenosaunee and European newcomers to North America.

Question 4

Principles of Classical Liberalism

Answer 4

Consent of the Governed
Rule of Law
Limited Government
Individual Rights and Freedoms

Question 5

Natural Right

Answer 5

Refers to all rights given to all humans simply for the sake of being human; free speech, religious liberty, the right to private property, and the right of political opposition.

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

Answer 6

The natural state of man is evil.
Government, strict laws, and sovereign ruler is necessary in order to have a peaceful society.
Rational politics over divine right.
Social contract.

Question 7

John Locke (1632-1704)

Answer 7

The existence of Natural Law exceeded man-made law.
Citizens have the right to life, liberty, and property.
Government receives legitimacy through the consent of the governed.
First extending rights to all men, initially excluding women.

Question 8

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Answer 8

Society is a human construct and should be remade to reflect man’s natural state (free and equal).
Decisions should be made on general will.
Will of the people, majority rule, consent of the goverened.
Romantic movement.

Question 9

Montesquieu (1698 - 1755)

Answer 9

Separation of power: A system composed of 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Tied together by rule of law, equal with different powers. Checks and balances.

Question 10

Adam Smith (1723 - 1790)

Answer 10

Laissez-faire government. Free trade, invisible hand. Self-interested traders and consumers leads to a greater good and markets are guided to positive outcomes.
Specialization, consumer capitalism.

Question 11

John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873)

Answer 11

Liberty provides the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Liberty is limited only when it stands in the way of someone else’s liberty.
Utilitarianism (actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority) - Greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 12

Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

Answer 12

Advocated for a radical form of socialism and a worker’s revolution to overthrow capitalism.
Beginning of modern-day capitalism.

Question 13

Edmund Burke (1729 - 1794)

Answer 13

Reactionary preferring the pre-industrial past.
Disagreed with the general will of the people; believing that it would result in chaos and rule by mediocre uneducated and disinterested people.
Classical Conservatist

Question 14

Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840)

Answer 14

Move from an agriculturally based economy to large-scale production and the factory system.

Question 15

European Exploration

Answer 15

Stimulated a money favouring free trade.

Question 16

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 16

Fertilizers and new machinery increased food production and life expectancy.

Question 17

Enclosure Acts

Answer 17

Private ownership of large fields of land.
Forcing farm people into cities for a large amount of cheap labour.
Helped to industrialize.

Question 18

Luddites

Answer 18

Following Luddism, armies broke into factories and destroyed machinery.
Conservative right reactionaries.
The government response was to make it a capital offence, and created very violent protests.
Opposed the industrial revolution.

Question 19

Chartism

Answer 19

Working-class movement that emerged in 1836.
Gain political rights and influence for the working class and challenge the elitism of political and social liberalism.
Votes for men who did not own property.

Question 20

Classical Liberalism

Answer 20

1. Natural Right
2. Limited Government
3. Rule of Law
4. Consent of the governed.

Question 21

Natural Right

Answer 21

Personal freedom refers to the absence of coercion in the various realms of life. Includes free speech, religious liberty, the right of private property, and the right of political opposition.

Question 22

Limited Government

Answer 22

State is an instrument serving a particular function in society and is not in general charge of all society.

Question 23

Rule of Law

Answer 23

Equality of rights implies that all must abide by the same laws, which the state enforces with impartiality.

Question 24

Consent of the Governed

Answer 24

Means that government emanates from the people, is responsible to them, and may e changed by them; it is a moderate and practical statement of the doctrine of popular sovereignty.

Question 25

Status Quo

Answer 25

The accepted norms in the current date.

Question 26

Elitism

Answer 26

The advocacy or existence of an elite as a dominating element in a system or society.

Question 27

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 27

Government is created by and subject to the will fo the people.

Question 28

Progressivism

Answer 28

Improve the human condition through social reform based on advancements in science, technology, economic development and social organization.

Question 29

Libertarian

Answer 29

Minimal state intervention in free market and the private lives of citizens.

Question 30

Welfare State

Answer 30

The government undertakes to protect well-being of citizens, especially those in financial or social need by means of grants, pensions and other benefits.

Question 31

Right/Left Wing

Answer 31

Left: Radical, Communism/Socialism Right: Reactionary, Conservative/Fascist

Question 32

Authoritarian

Answer 32

Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom

Question 33

Great Law of Peace

Answer 33

Constitution of the Haudenosaunee. Divided powers between levels of government. Guaranteed rights and freedoms. Individuals carefully selected to represent groups of people. Decisions by consensus.

Question 34

Principles of Individualism

Answer 34

Rule of Law: individuals are equal in the law and they apply to everyone. Individual Rights and Freedoms Private Property Economic Freedom Self-interest and Competition

Question 35

Principles of Collectivism

Answer 35

Economic Equality: to each according to his need Cooperation Public Property Collective Interest: Set of interests that members of a group have in common. Collective Responsibility Adherence to collective norms: including censorship

Question 36

Executive/Legislative/Judicial

Answer 36

Executive: Carries out and enforces laws. In Canada: includes the cabinet that develops policies to govern the country and introduces bills to transform these policies into law. Legislative: Law-making branch. Made up of the appointed senate and house of commons. Judicial: Represented by the courts and has the function of resolving conflicts related to laws.