ideology and science

Question 1

Science as a belief system

Answer 1

Developments and science and technology have revolutionised almost every aspect of human life resulting in widespread faith in science a belief that it can deliver the goods

Question 2

Negative

Answer 2

There is such things as bad science where science is late to proven untrue
Science has also developed nuclear weapons

Question 3

Science as open belief system

Answer 3

Popper believes that science is an open belief system because it governed by principle of falsification he argues scientific knowledge is cumulative and that the process of falsification science to keep moving forward

Question 4

The CUDDOS norms

Answer 4

• communism; scientist must share knowledge with others while allowing it to grow
• Universalism ; truth or false city is judged by objectivity by all
• Disinterestedness- discovering knowledge for its own sake whilst publishing to reduce fraud
• OrganisEd sceptism; every idea is open to question

Question 5

Science is a closed belief system

Answer 5

Some sociologist argue that science itself can be seen as self sustaining or a close belief system.
Kuhn argues most natural scientists establish paradigm the paradigm tell scientist what reality is like what a problem to study and what methods to use. There are only cases in which sustainability evidence that challenges the paradigm is found triggering scientific revolution however once a normal science is established once again the same rules applied to challenge it.

Question 6

Scientific knowledge as a social construct

Answer 6

Interpretivist sociologist have developed kuhns ideas further. They argue that all knowledge including scientific knowledge is socially constructive. Scientific facts are therefore the product of shared theories or paradigm that tell scientist what method use what they should expect to find from the research.

Question 7

Ideologies as a belief system: marxism an ideology

Answer 7

Mark‘s source Society is divided into two opposing classes. Instead of just using brute fast to control the working class workers Mark’s argued the rule in class used power of ideas.

He believed the rule in class spread their ideology and belief that justified the existing white society was organised. He called this class consciousness.

Question 8

Eval

Answer 8

Marxism is an ideology so represents a set of beliefs about how society is and how it should be some critics challenge marxs assumption that it is not existence of dominant ideology that keeps the workers in line preventing them from overthrow capitalism.

Question 9

The ideology of nationalism

Answer 9

Nationalists claim that

• nations a distinctive communities each with their own unique characteristics and a long shared history
• Every nation should be self governing
• National loyalty and identity should come before all others such as class or religion

Anderson argues that nation is only imagined community rather than a real one.
Gellner argues that nationalism is very modern phenomenon as pre-industrial societies were held together not by nationalism but by face-to-face relationships in small scale communities

Question 10

Feminism and ideology