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Question 1

At what age does menarche and spermarche occur?

Answer 1

Menarche - 12

Spermarche - 13/14 (occurs at the right heigh of a male growth spurt)

Question 2

when does the adolescent growth spurt occur for boys and girls?

Answer 2

between ages 10 - 14 in girls

12 - 16 in boys

Question 3

what are the positive consequences of early maturation for boys?

Answer 3

greater leadership and feelings of satisfaction with themselves

Question 4

early maturing boys (prior to year 7) now exhibit?

Answer 4

less academic success and higher anxiety

Question 5

What behaviour are adolescents more likely to be involved in?

Answer 5

risky sexual behaviour
substance abuse
be involved in motor vehicle accidents

Question 6

Which lifespan group has the highest rates of STIs?

Answer 6

Adolescents (12 - 18)

Question 7

What are the statistics of sexually active adolescents becoming infected with an STI in any one year?

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

Overweight and obese adolescents are at high risk of what health problems?

Answer 8

high blood pressure
respiratory disease
orthopaedic disorders
diabetes

Question 9

Adolescent girls desire to ____ weight, whereas adolescent boys often express the desire to ___ weight

Answer 9

lose, gain

Question 10

Which lifespan age has the highest rates of gonorrhoea, genital herpes, chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 10

adolescent girls

Question 11

what are the most reported STIs contracted by teenagers in Australia

Answer 11

chlamydia, then gonorrhoea

Question 12

What are the most common substances used by adolescents?

Answer 12

alcohol, tobacco and cannabis/drugs

Question 13

Whats the name of Erikson’s theory for adolescents/teens

Answer 13

Identity Vs Role confusion

Question 14

Whats the name of Erikson’s theory for late adulthood?

Answer 14

Ego integrity Vs despair

Question 15

Whats the name of Erikson’s theory for early adulthood (20-30)

Answer 15

intimacy Vs isolation

Question 16

Whats the name of Erikson’s theory for middle adulthood (40 - 60)

Answer 16

generativitiy vs stagnation

Question 17

Guess the lifespan for eriksons theory: generatively vs stagnation

Answer 17

middle adulthood (40-60)

Question 18

According to Piaget’s stages of formal operations, formal operational thinkers are described as having what?

Answer 18

• abstract thinking
• perform mental manipulations using thoughts
• not tied to one single idea
• can deal with multiple factors or dimensions in a problem and therefore come to a solution
• formal thought does not involve specific behaviour; rather, it represents a generalised orientation towards problem solving
• emphasise logical–mathematical thought structures, the solving of problems by using rational principles, logic and careful reasoning.

Question 19

Piaget’s formal operational thought is divided into 3 categories. List them

Answer 19

hypothetic-deductive
propositional
combinatorial

Question 20

What is piaget’s hypothetic-deductive reasoning? What age does this usually occur?

Answer 20

At the age of 13, individuals make hypotheses from their own observations (pendulum)

Question 21

Complete: many teenagers are able to solve problems using the ____ _____, reflecting one aspect of ____ _______ _______ called hypothetico-dedeuctive reasoning

Answer 21

Many teenagers are able to solve problems using the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, reflecting one aspect of FORMAL OPERATIONAL THOUGHT called hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

Question 22

‘All men are mortal’, is presented along with the second premise, ‘Socrates is a man’, followed by the logical conclusion, ‘Therefore Socrates is mortal’.

Is an example of which reasoning:

• propositional
• hypodeductive reasoning
• combinatorial

Answer 22

• propositional

Question 23

Propositional reasoning is an operation of which age sector in older adolescents?

Answer 23

15 - 18 years of age

Question 24

formal operations lead to expansions in ______ and ____ ______

Answer 24

Formal operations lead to expansions in EDUCATION and SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

Question 25

``` information processing involves 3 types of attention: - sustained - selective - divided What does each mean? ```

Answer 25

sustained: where the individual maintains attention over a prolonged period of time selective: where the individual screens out irrelevant stimuli and focuses only on task-relevant stimuli where the individual attends to more than one stimulus or set of stimuli simultaneously.

Question 26

_____ attention improves during adolescence.

Answer 26

divided

Question 27

Give an example of divided attention.

Answer 27

teenagers doing their homework in front of the television, or with loud pop music blasting from media players.

Question 28

Memory is divided into 2 types of memory. what are they

Answer 28

short term - info retention up to 30 seconds long term - permanent storage of information

Question 29

When Year 1 children ask an adult how to spell a word, they can only hold two or three letters in their mind at a time, and the adult has to present them slowly and singly or in pairs; for example, ab…or…ig…in…al. By contrast, high school students can be presented with much longer strings of letters and still reconstruct the word accurately. This is an example of what type ______ _____memory

Answer 29

long term memory

Question 30

The cognitive processes that contribute to the development of critical thinking during adolescence include: a) greater speed b) automaticity and capacity for information processing c) a greater knowledge base in wide-ranging knowledge domains d) increased ability to combine different pieces of knowledge e) and a greater number and usage of strategies and metacognitive abilities. f) all of the above

Answer 30

f) all of the above

Question 31

"to evaluate a proposal for a fairer system of taxation, a student would need to understand the elements and operations of the existing tax system" is an example of which element of critical thinking? a) values, beliefs and dispositions? b) domain-specific knowledge c) metacognitive knowledge d) basic operations of reasoning

Answer 31

b) domain specific knowledge.

Question 32

what is metacognitive knowledge in critical thinking?

Answer 32

Effective critical thinking requires metacognitive monitoring, with individuals evaluating when and if they fully understand a concept or a problem, knowing if they need more or new information, and predicting the degree of effort involved in gathering and learning new information.

Question 33

moral reasoning is: a) the process of applying reasoning to situations and decisions that involve right and wrong. b) involves changes in moral or ethical behaviour, and changing feelings about moral matters

Answer 33

a)

Question 34

What are Kohlberg's stages of moral development? How many stages are there. Briefly describe each stage.

Answer 34

There a 6 stages. Preconventional - avoiding punishments and getting awards conventional - emphasis on social rules for friends OR society post conventional - moral reasoning is guided entirely by an internalised personal moral code

Question 35

Chronological age does not seem to affect developments in moral reasoning beyond adolescence. True of false?

Answer 35

true

Question 36

Kohlberg's stages of moral development: What statistic states that chronological age not affect developments in moral reasoning beyond adolescence? a) 25% of both men and women aged 35 reason at stage 3/4 b) 75% of men aged 32 still reason at stage 3/4 c) 45% of men aged 40 still reason at stage 3/4 d) 70% of both men and women aged 24 reason at stage 3/4

Answer 36

b) 75% of men aged 32 still reason at stage 3/4

Question 37

in Gillians 1st stage of moral development, adolescents: a) lack of awareness of others’ needs; ‘right’ action is what promotes emotional or physical survival. b) Coordination or integration of needs of self and of others; ‘right’ action takes account of self as well as others. c) Lack of distinction between what others want and what is right; ‘right’ action is whatever pleases others best.

Answer 37

a) lack of awareness of others’ needs; ‘right’ action is what promotes emotional or physical survival.

Question 38

``` Julie is donating blood because she believes it will benefit someones health. What stage of Gillians moral development does she display? a) stage 2 b) stage 3 c) stage 1 ) stage 4 ```

Answer 38

stage 3

Question 39

the period of development from about ___ years of age is known as adolescence a) 10-16 b) 12-18 c) 12-20 d) 10-18

Answer 39

12-18

Question 40

``` Which represents the rate of sexually transmitted infections found in sexually active adolescent populations? A One in four B One in three C One in two D One in five ```

Answer 40

a) 1/4 25%

Question 41

John is interested and highly involved in political and social movements. He is actively exploring an important aspect: a) critical thinking b) formal operations c) identity d) identity diffusion

Answer 41

c) identity

Question 42

Amy has just graduated high school and is unsure of what she wants to do in life. Amy is functioning which of the following in terms of identity? a) identity diffusion b) role confusion c) identify moratorium d) psychological moratorium

Answer 42

a) identity diffusion

Question 43

A developmental suspension between the security and certainties of childhood and the unknowns of the adult world is termed as: a) identity moratorium b) psychological moratorium

Answer 43

b) psychological moratorium

Question 44

John has decided to take a gap year after finishing year 12 in order to explore various possibilities, including different jobs and social service roles. This is an example of: a) identity diffusion b) psychological moratorium c) role confusion

Answer 44

b) psychological moratorium

Question 45

Sam's parents are wanting her to pursue medicine. Considering that Sam applies for medicine in uni, what stage of Marcia's identity status model does sam function at and why? a) identity achievement b) identity moratorium c) identity diffusion c) identity foreclosure

Answer 45

c) identity foreclosure Identity foreclosure is where commitment is present, but there is no crisis involved. Sam has arrived at a committed identity without going through the process of exploring medicine.

Question 46

identity foreclosure tend to arrive from: a) authoritative parenting b) authoritarian parenting

Answer 46

b

Question 47

Which of the following is/are a factor affecting identity development? a) gender b) peers c) parents d) personality e) all of the above)

Answer 47

e

Question 48

Societal factors that negatively influence identity achievement include?

Answer 48

poverty, unemployment, economic recession, political instability and war

Question 49

Negative identity is a branch of which of the following: a) foreclosure b) achievement c) diffusion d) moratorium

Answer 49

a) foreclosure

Question 50

substance abuse, school dropout, antisocial behaviour and gang membership are best suited to which group? Why? a) cliche b) crowd

Answer 50

a) cliche Small groups may promote negative values and behaviours (snobbishness and intolerance of others). Thus involvement with a clique of antisocial peers is associated with various adolescent adjustment problems.

Question 51

A personal and inappropriate picture was spread across facebook of Ellessea. Ellessea is experiencing which of the following and why? a) relational aggression b) bullying c) cyber bullying

Answer 51

relational aggression information technology is used to perpetrate relational aggression, undermining another person’s relationships through insinuation, rumour spreading and friendship exploitation

Question 52

Erik has asked out Caprice on a date and has offered to pay for any dining expenses during their movie. This is an example of: a) being in love b) romantic intimacy c) emotional involvement d) dating script

Answer 52

d) dating script

Question 53

maximum bone mass is achieved at which age/lifespan?

Answer 53

by age 30, early adolescence

Question 54

what is the average body fat percentage of males and females during their early twenties (early adulthood)

Answer 54

21% for females 15% for males

Question 55

which is an example of pathological ageing: a) a father who has diabetes has passed it onto his son b) eden who lives in poverty c) both A and C

Answer 55

c

Question 56

______ of cancers are believed to be diet-related. a) 24% b) 30% c) 35% d) 16%

Answer 56

c) 35%

Question 57

studies have shown that adult activity levels are at their highest from ______: a) 23 to 26 years b) 18 to 24 years c) 30 to 35 years d) 16 to 19 years

Answer 57

c) 18 to 24 years

Question 58

optimal health requires exercise at _____ of the maximum heart rate nonstop for at least _______ three times a week. a) 70 to 80%; 20 to 30 minutes b) 70 to 85%; 20 to 35 minutes c) 70 to 90%; 10 to 20 minutes d) 65 to 80%; 20 to 30 minutes

Answer 58

b) 70 to 85%; 20 to 35 minutes

Question 59

which is an example of eustress? a) James has chosen to give a speech for an award b) mary's car won't start and she needs to get to an exam c) Bryan is off to a meeting and is stuck in traffic

Answer 59

a) James has chosen to give a speech for an award

Question 60

The general adaption syndrome has 3 stages of stress: alarm, resistance and exhaustion. Match each stage with the following: a) the body rallies to cope with the stressor. The adrenal glands produce hormones that attempt to keep the stressor as localised as possible, while still enabling the body to overcome it b) the body becomes mobilised to meet the threat. The sympathetic nervous system (which helps to control the heart) and the adrenal glands increase the production of hormones that bring on typical stress responses. Rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, shallow and quick breathing and higher blood pressure all result from increased blood supply to the heart, brain, liver and peripheral muscles c) Wear and tear on the system brought about by repeated or prolonged stressors depletes the body’s resources and lays the groundwork for disease

Answer 60

alarm - b resistance - a exhaustion - c

Question 61

In primary appraisal, a negative stressor will assess its potential for harm, threat or challenge. Which of the following is an example of harm? a) the increase in car insurance premiums, the difficulties that might arise from the additional points on your licence, and the history of being late for work. b) If a police officer pulls you over and gives you a ticket for speeding, the harm might include the cost of the fine, the embarrassment in telling your parents or partner, and the distress of being late for work c) learning not to speed or getting up earlier so there is less motivation to speed

Answer 61

b) b) If a police officer pulls you over and gives you a ticket for speeding, the harm might include the cost of the fine, the embarrassment in telling your parents or partner, and the distress of being late for work

Question 62

In relation to stress and primary appraisal, ____ refers to present damage. _____ refers to future damage. a) harm; threat b) threat; harm

Answer 62

a) harm; threat

Question 63

_____ _____ refers to the person’s assessment of whether they have sufficient coping resources to meet the harm, threat and challenge of the negative stressor a) primary appraisal b) secondary appraisal c) ambiguous thought d) critical thinking

Answer 63

b) secondary appraisal

Question 64

the physical and psychological symptoms of a person who has been the victim of a highly stressful event, such as war or earthquake, which last long after the event is over is an example of: a) societal stress b) post traumatic stress disorder c) ambiguous events d) occupational stress

Answer 64

b) post traumatic stress disorder

Question 65

smoking rates among Australians has remained highest in which of the following age groups? a) 20 - 30 b) 25-34 c) 18 - 23 d) 27 - 32

Answer 65

b) 25-34

Question 66

smoking rates are at its highest in which lifespan?

Answer 66

early adulthood

Question 67

Jerome works in a factory and has returned home with signs of an ear infection. This is an example of: a) passive smoking b) morbidity c) chronic illness d) respiratory problems

Answer 67

a) passive smoking

Question 68

according to the ABS, smoking prevalence among aboriginal and Torres straight islander males and females: a) 34.8% b) 37.3% c) 38.9% d) 39.7%

Answer 68

c) 38.9%

Question 69

adolescents and young adults aged _____ are vulnerable to alcohol dependency a) 13 - 30 b) 12 - 25 c) 14 - 23 d) 16 - 25

Answer 69

b) 12 - 25

Question 70

individuals at highest risk of eating disorders are typically: a) female, aged 18 - 25 b) male, aged 18 - 25 c) female, aged 16 - 28 d) female, aged 18 - 27

Answer 70

a) female, aged 18 - 25

Question 71

individuals most at risk for eating disorders are: a) female, aged 18 - 25 b) athletes c) those living in low SES d) A and B

Answer 71

d) A and B

Question 72

Which of the following events is most likely to result in PTSD? a) robbery b) physical assault c) rape d) the death of a close friend

Answer 72

c) rape

Question 73

Australian statistis indicate that _____ of females and ____ of males over the age of 15 have experienced at least one incident of sexual violence. a) 18 - 19.4; 4.5% b) 33 - 35.5; 6% c) 20 - 21.5; 7% d) 9; 24%

Answer 73

a) 18 - 19.4; 4.5%

Question 74

Vanessa was sexually abused by a cousin. This is an example of: a) stranger rape b) acquaintance rape

Answer 74

b) acquaintance rape

Question 75

a couple is living in Sydney, near its surroundings suburbs. It may be reasonable to assume that they are: a) heterosexual b) lesbian c) homosexual

Answer 75

c) homosexual

Question 76

If a sexually active woman has never experienced an orgasm, she is considered to have: a) primary organism dysfunction b) secondary organism dysfunction c) orgasmic functioning

Answer 76

a) primary organism dysfunction

Question 77

____ exists when a male reaches orgasm with minimal sexual stimulation. a) erection b) premature ejaculation c) orgasm d) erectile dysfunction

Answer 77

b) premature ejaculation

Question 78

Maddy and Josh have been trying to conceive a pregnancy for 18 months. This couple is experiencing: a) primary organism dysfunction b) infertility c) female infertility d) male infertility

Answer 78

b) infertility

Question 79

the 2 major causes of female infertility are: a) failure to ovulate and blockage of the fallopian tubes b) failure to ovulate and poor diet c) failure to take the pill consistently at the same time each day

Answer 79

a) failure to ovulate and blockage of the fallopian tubes

Question 80

according to Piaget, formal operational thought emerges between ______. a) 11 and 16 years of age b) 18 and 23 years of age c) 18 and 25 years of age

Answer 80

a) 11 and 16 years of age

Question 81

A Year 12 student systematically compares the advantages and disadvantages of the universities they are interested in. This is an example of a) concrete operations b) formal operations c) hypo-deductive reasoning d) post-formal operations

Answer 81

b) formal operations

Question 82

Lennon is planning a dinner for his mates which include both vegetarians and meat-and-potato lovers. He decides that ordering Thai or Indian will contain dishes that cater for both parties. Lennon is experiencing which of Piaget's thought processes and why? a) formal operations b) concrete operations c) post-formal operations

Answer 82

c) post-formal operations postformal thinkers can synthesise contradictions into coherent wholes. Instead of choosing among alternatives, they construct a framework that integrates the contradictions. For example, when planning a dinner for guests who include both vegetarians and meat-and-potato lovers, a choice of Thai or Indian food can include a coherent array of meat and non-meat dishes.

Question 83

____ is the art or practice of deriving truth through conversation involving questions and answers to understand contradictions. Individuals master formal thought, in which they analyse relationships within a problem or system. a) dialectical postformal thought b) formal mode c) internalised mode d) dialectical thinking

Answer 83

d) dialectical thinking

Question 84

Who build on Piaget's stages of cognitive development? a) Vygotsky b) schaie c) Erikson

Answer 84

b) schaie

Question 85

According to Schaie, the person builds basic skills and abilities, from walking and talking to abstract reasoning about future possibilities is part of which stage? a) responsible b) achieving c) executive d) acquisitive

Answer 85

d) acquisitive

Question 86

According to piaget, young adults are in the ____ stage. Why? a) reintegrative b) executive c) achieving d) acquisitive

Answer 86

c) achieving Young adults are in the achieving stage. They direct their intelligence towards specific goals rather than following every inclination, as might an adolescent who has not yet formulated clear personal choices. Young adults must consider both the contexts and the consequences of their decisions when solving real problems associated with planning careers and establishing families.

Question 87

According to Schaie, people in middle adulthood enter the ____ stage. a) responsible b) executive c) achieving d) acquisitive

Answer 87

a) responsible

Question 88

The chief executive officer of a mining company must make decisions about community relations that concern members of staff, local residents worried about mining waste and their children’s health, Indigenous title-holders of mining land, and, perhaps, the town’s entire economy and social structure. According to schaie, this is an example of: a) responsible stage b) executive stage c) reintegrative stage d) acquisitive stage

Answer 88

b) executive stage

Question 89

participation rates for post secondary education are highest for those aged: a) 17 to 25 b) 18 to 24 c) 25 to 44

Answer 89

b) 18 to 24

Question 90

Nicolina is 45 years of age. If she is typical, what stages of Greenhau's career ladder does she function at? a) organisation entry age b) early career age c) mid career d) late career e) C and D

Answer 90

e) C and D

Question 91

Mike has just graduated year 12 and is looking continue his studies. Considering mike has no previous employment, what stage of Greenhau's career stage is he functioning at? a) organisational entry level age b) preparation for work age c) early career age d) late career age

Answer 91

b) preparation for work age

Question 92

What is the correct sequence of stages in greenhau's career ladder? a) early career, organisational entry level, preparation for work, mid career, late career b) organisational entry preparation for work, early, mid, late career c) preparation for work, organisational entry, early, middle, late career d) early career, preparation for work, entry level, mid, late

Answer 92

c) preparation for work, organisational entry, early, middle, late career

Question 93

occupations that depend on education have been more receptive to females than have occupations that require physical strength and skill. This is an example of: a) occupational segregation b) discrimination c) the wage gap

Answer 93

a) occupational segregation

Question 94

sexual harassment in the workplace is best defined as: a) unwelcome sexual behaviour b) unwelcome sexual advance, unwelcome request for sexual favours or other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which makes a person feel offended, humiliated and/or intimidated, where a reasonable person would anticipate that reaction in the circumstances. c) a subtype of aggression directed towards females by males with whom they are often acquainted or intimate and that limits the victim’s ability to function effectively in her job

Answer 94

c) a subtype of aggression directed towards females by males with whom they are often acquainted or intimate and that limits the victim’s ability to function effectively in her job

Question 95

harassment can include: a) verbal and physical abuse b) sexual abuse only c) physical or verbal abuse or unwelcome sexual advances

Answer 95

c) physical or verbal abuse or unwelcome sexual advances

Question 96

Florence is earning a relatively low wage with few fringe benefits and little advancement opportunities. In relation to work/jobs, this is an example of the : a) primary labour market sector b) secondary labour market sector

Answer 96

b) secondary labour market sector

Question 97

Sloan and Mark will think about having children in the next few years because they have internalised society’s expectations about when to have children, and because many of their friends are likely to be having children. This is an example of Eriksons: a) timing of events theory b) normative crisis theory

Answer 97

a) timing of events theory

Question 98

Mark and Sloan will have children in the next few years because of their inner needs for intimacy and generativity. This is an example of Eriksons: a) timing of events theory b) normative crisis theory

Answer 98

b) normative crisis theory

Question 99

Social clocks tell us: a) whether we are ‘on time’ in following the age-appropriate social timetable b) about age-appropriate behaviour are often revealed in statements about someone being too old or too young to do certain things, such as becoming pregnant or starting university c) when males and females ‘should’ become sexually active, leave home, marry or have children

Answer 99

a) whether we are ‘on time’ in following the age-appropriate social timetable

Question 100

Eriksons theory of intimacy vs isolation is the equivalent of Vaillants ___ stage, as well as generatively and stagnation are the same as vaillants ____ stage. a) career consolidation; keeping of mind b) keeping of mind; career consolidation

Answer 100

a) career consoldation; keeping of mind

Question 101

Darren is 23 years old and is surrounded by a group of friends that offer protection, guidance and support. This is an example of: a) essential elements b) social convoy c) intimacy d) agreeableness

Answer 101

b) social convoy

Question 102

Social networking sites are considered a benefit in early adolescence. females are more likely to report: a) that the internet helped their career b) making new friends or having met their partner

Answer 102

b) making new friends or having met their partner

Question 103

in same-sex relationships, males tend to define intimacy in terms of: a) emotional sharing of confidences b) proximity and shared activities and interests

Answer 103

b) proximity and shared activities and interests

Question 104

What percent of Australian couples live together or 'co-habit' before they marry? a) 81% b) 25% c) 51% d) 70%

Answer 104

a) 81%

Question 105

Jane has a crush on her best friend Joel. According to Sternerg, Jane is experiencing which type of love? Why? a) empty b) romantic c) infatuation d) liking

Answer 105

d) liking There is no passion or commitment

Question 106

Jane is married to Joel but lives separately from him. She is experiencing which of Sternberg's type of love? Why? a) companionate love b) empty love c) consummate love d) companionate love

Answer 106

b) empty love There is commitment without intimacy or passion.

Question 107

according to sternberg, compassionate love is ____ and ___ without _____. a) Intimacy; passion; commitment b) commitment; intimacy; passion c) intimacy; commitment; passion

Answer 107

c) intimacy;commitment;passion

Question 108

according to sternberg, fatuous love is ___ and ____ without ___. a) Passion; commitment; intimacy b) intimacy; passion; commitment c) commitment; intimacy; passion

Answer 108

a) Passion; commitment; intimacy

Question 109

males consider which of the following to be the most important aspects of love? a) intimacy only b) emotional involvement and expressive qualitities c) practical help, shared PE, spending time together and sex d) verbal self disclosure and PE

Answer 109

c) practical help, shared PE, spending time together and sex

Question 110

in relation to marriage styles, equal-partner relationship is characterised by: a) the female, brings in some of the income and takes on some decision-making responsibilities. The senior partner, usually the male, often helps the wife at home, but he does not share family responsibilities such as cooking and childcare. b) the male is the head of the household and the sole economic provider and the female is the mother and stay-at-home carer who is responsible for domestic tasks. c) as an egalitarian marriage in which negotiations about shared concerns and responsibilities is the norm.

Answer 110

c) as an egalitarian marriage in which negotiations about shared concerns and responsibilities is the norm.

Question 111

In relation to different marriage styles, conventional relationships is which of the following: a) the female, brings in some of the income and takes on some decision-making responsibilities. The senior partner, usually the male, often helps the wife at home, but he does not share family responsibilities such as cooking and childcare. b) the male is the head of the household and the sole economic provider and the female is the mother and stay-at-home carer who is responsible for domestic tasks. c) as an egalitarian marriage in which negotiations about shared concerns and responsibilities is the norm.

Answer 111

b) the male is the head of the household and the sole economic provider and the female is the mother and stay-at-home carer who is responsible for domestic tasks.

Question 112

In relation to different marriage styles, junior partnerships is which of the following: a) the female, brings in some of the income and takes on some decision-making responsibilities. The senior partner, usually the male, often helps the wife at home, but he does not share family responsibilities such as cooking and childcare. b) the male is the head of the household and the sole economic provider and the female is the mother and stay-at-home carer who is responsible for domestic tasks. c) as an egalitarian marriage in which negotiations about shared concerns and responsibilities is the norm.

Answer 112

a) the female, brings in some of the income and takes on some decision-making responsibilities. The senior partner, usually the male, often helps the wife at home, but he does not share family responsibilities such as cooking and childcare.

Question 113

Sam and Dan are a married couple who negotiate shared concerns and responsibilities within the household. This is an example of: a) junior partnerships b) equal partnerships c) conventional marriages

Answer 113

b) equal partnerships

Question 114

Sloan and Mark previously worked full time and equally shared the household responsibilities. Before Sloan faces university whilst mark continues to work full-time, their relationship would be classified as: a) junior partnership b) conventional marriage c) equal partnerships

Answer 114

c) equal partnerships

Question 115

What is the most common form of marriage today? a) conventional relationship b) equal partnerships c) junior partnerships

Answer 115

c) junior partnerships

Question 116

Which of the following is an example of junior partnerships? a) Mary works part-time and continues to take on household responsibilities. Her husband often helps with these duties. b) Harry works full-time while Jen looks after the kids at home and does household duties. c) Kaitlyn and Sarah both share household responsibilities

Answer 116

a) Mary works part-time and continues to take on household responsibilities. Her husband often helps with these duties.

Question 117

sam-sex couples would usually fall under: a) conventional relationsgip b) junior partnership c) equal partnership

Answer 117

c) equal partnership

Question 118

Greek Australians revealed that both males and females subscribed to Greek traditions and included a ___ egalitarian form of decision making in their partnerships. They focus more on the practicalities of marriage, such as a ____ a) less; steady income, setting up a well-furnished home, and living near to parents. b) less; steady income ad living near parents c) more; steady income, setting up a well-furnished home, and living near to parents.

Answer 118

a) less; steady income, setting up a well-furnished home, and living near to parents.

Question 119

the degree of the husbands dominance in a marriage can be characterised by: a) family size and ethnicity b) husbands income, wines employment status and social class c) all of the above

Answer 119

c) all of the above

Question 120

couple satisfaction is generally associated with: a) equal partnership b) higher egalitarianism c) junior partnership d) A and B

Answer 120

d) A and B

Question 121

living in nations with a ___ level of divorce was associated with ____ levels of happiness. a) lower; higher b) lower; lower c) higher; lower d) higher; higher

Answer 121

d) higher; higher For both males and females, living in nations with a higher level of divorce was associated with higher levels of happiness, probably because those in unhappy marriages could end them if they chose to

Question 122

About ___% of Australian and ___% of New Zealand marriages end in divorce. a) 30; 33 b) 31; 34 c) 22; 17 d) 27; 31

Answer 122

a) 30; 33

Question 123

most divorces occur during: a) late adulthood b) early adulthood c) adolescence

Answer 123

b) early adulthood

Question 124

In relation to divorce, a displaced carer is a woman who: a) committed themselves to the conventional roles of wife and mother, lost these roles due to separation, divorce or widowhood, and were unprepared for employment and single parenthood. b) will have primary care responsibility for children of the marriage c) becoming fully committed to marriage, although it now appears that they are no less likely to marry than those whose parents did not divorce

Answer 124

a) committed themselves to the conventional roles of wife and mother, lost these roles due to separation, divorce or widowhood, and were unprepared for employment and single parenthood.

Question 125

``` the impact of divorce on children can lead to children: a) leaving home early b) early sexual activity and cohabiting c) non-martial childbearing d) all of the above ```

Answer 125

d) all of the above

Question 126

Remarriage satisfaction and stability are affected by: a) The roles of stepchildren, complex stepfamily structures, continuing attachment to a previous partner, economic strain, and serial marriage b) the stepchild and stepparents involved c) having to take on the biological mother/father role d) all of the above

Answer 126

a) The roles of stepchildren, complex stepfamily structures, continuing attachment to a previous partner, economic strain, and serial marriage

Question 127

Singlehood/singles are: a) homogenous b) not homogenous c) always lonely d) a result of divorce

Answer 127

b) not homogenous Singles are not the same. Someone might have been married and now wishes to focus on her career of acting as a family life would not suite her career pathway.

Question 128

cohabitation is the term given to: a) People who have divorced and remarried several times b) c) an unmarried adult couple who live together in a sexual partnership, and is a common lifestyle choice for young adults d)

Answer 128

c) an unmarried adult couple who live together in a sexual partnership, and is a common lifestyle choice for young adults

Question 129

young adults are ___ likely to experiment with cohabiting and ____ likely to remain in their parents' home until marriage. a) less; more b) more; less c) less; less d) more; more

Answer 129

a) less; more

Question 130

James, who previously lived with his mum, is now living in a low-middle income household in the large metropolitan area with Jannet, but they are not married. This is an example of: a) cohabitation b) single lifestyle c) divorce d) less commitment

Answer 130

a) cohabitation US findings indicate that cohabitors tend to be less educated, and less likely to be employed than non-cohabitors (Tanfer, 1987). They are also likely to live in large metropolitan areas and are one-third more likely to have grown up in a single-parent family.

Question 131

men are __ likely than women to remarry following divorce. a) more b) less

Answer 131

a) more

Question 132

___% of men are likely to remarry after divorce, whereas ___% of women were likely to remarry. a) 70;39 b) 28;65 c) 64; 52 d) 50;63

Answer 132

c) 64; 52

Question 133

women are more likely to opt for ____ rather than remarriage following divorce, deepening on their SES. a) cohabitation b) single parenthood c) divorce

Answer 133

a) cohabitation

Question 134

Josie, a successful GP has just divorced garret. Josie is most to do which of the following? Why? a) d) stay single b) de facto c) non-cohabiting relationships d) find a new partner e) B and C

Answer 134

e) B and C Khoo found that women who were engaged in professional employment were less likely to remarry, but more likely to be in either de facto or non-cohabiting relationships than other women. This has been attributed to the fact that women with higher economic resources have a concern for ‘financial autonomy within post-divorce relationships’, and that cohabiting ensures a greater likelihood of a more equitable division of household tasks and separate financial arrangements

Question 135

Compared to heterosexual couples, homosexuals report high levels of: a) sexual satisfaction only b) sexual satisfaction, share more information about their sexuality, have better communication c) intimacy d) happiness

Answer 135

b) sexual satisfaction, share more information about their sexuality, have better communication

Question 136

Affiliation is ____ and autonomy is ___. a) the need for relatedness to others; the need for separateness from others b) the need for separateness from others; the need for relatedness to others

Answer 136

a) the need for relatedness to others; the need for separateness from others

Question 137

there are 2 types of child-free couples. They are?

Answer 137

postponers | early articulators

Question 138

In terms of child-free couples, postponers are: a) someone who knew from childhood that they did not want children b) likely to be less definite about whether they would have children.

Answer 138

b) likely to be less definite about whether they would have children.

Question 139

Which of the following women is most likely being influenced by an internalised social clock? a) Cammi loves the fact that she is young and can travel the world. b) Angie thinks she’s getting old because she can see wrinkles around her eyes. c) Judy thinks she’s now too old to go out clubbing on the weekends. d) Jessie is putting pressure on Zach to propose because they are both 31 years old and not yet married.

Answer 139

d) Jessie is putting pressure on Zach to propose because they are both 31 years old and not yet married.

Question 140

When Roberts and Newton looked at women’s development in terms of Levinson’s seasons of adult lives, they concluded that: a) women were more likely to have both achievement and relationship dreams. b) both women and men considered spousal goals in determining career goals. c) women and men were equally committed to their career goals. d) women were more likely to use mentors than men were.

Answer 140

a) women were more likely to have both achievement and relationship dreams.

Question 141

The gender-differentiated personality theories suggest: a) that autonomy and assertion are contradictory to the context of relationships. b) the role of interpersonal relationships in forming female personalities. c) that females typically have a more relational way of being and males typically have a more autonomous way of being. d) the view of women as autonomous beings.

Answer 141

c) that females typically have a more relational way of being and males typically have a more autonomous way of being.

Question 142

Which of the following is more typical of female friendships than of male friendships? a) Shared achievements b) Greater self-disclosure c) Shared activities d) Being near someone

Answer 142

b) Greater self-disclosure

Question 143

which type of love is common during early adulthood? why? a) infatuation b) fatuous love c) romantic love d) compassionate love

Answer 143

a) infatuation infatuation involves passion and commitment, but no intimacy. INFatuation, lacks INTimacy

Question 144

which type of long-lived love is not typical during early adulthood? a) companionate b) consummate c) infatuation d) empty

Answer 144

d) empty

Question 145

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about remarriage? a) Younger divorced adults are more likely to remarry than other divorced adults. b) More than half of all divorced adults in Australia and New Zealand will remarry. c) Divorced males tend to remarry more often than divorced females. d) Remarried adults report less depression than married couples who have never been divorced.

Answer 145

d) Remarried adults report less depression than married couples who HAVE NEVER BEEN DIVORCED BEFORE

Question 146

Which of the following statements is true? a) There is inconclusive evidence to show whether or not living together first improves the quality of a marriage. b) Living together first does not improve the quality of a marriage. c) Living together first improves the quality of a marriage. d) Living together first only slightly improves the quality of a marriage.

Answer 146

a) There is inconclusive evidence to show whether or not living together first improves the quality of a marriage.

Question 147

Hackel and Ruble looked at couples’ adjustment to parenthood and found that: a) both men and women reported doing less housework and childcare than they had expected. b) levels of satisfaction and intimacy in relationships declined, and conflict increased from pregnancy to postpartum. c) women reported doing more housework and childcare than they had expected. d) women reported doing less housework and childcare than they had expected and men reported doing more housework and childcare than they had expected.

Answer 147

b) levels of satisfaction and intimacy in relationships declined, and conflict increased from pregnancy to postpartum. and c) women reported doing more housework and childcare than they had expected.

Question 148

Which of the following is an accurate statement about step-parenting? a) In general, adults in stepfamilies have less difficulty than children do in coping with stepsibling relationships. b) Step-parents have an easier adjustment with older children than with younger children. c) Smoother transitions in step-parenting occur when both spouses have biological children. d) Step-parenting is easier with same-sex step-children.

Answer 148

d) Step-parenting is easier with same-sex step-children.

Question 149

US findings indicate that cohabiters tend to be ___ educated, and ___ likely to be employed than non-cohbatitors. a) more;less b) less; more c) less;less d) more; more

Answer 149

c) less; less

Question 150

which of the following is most likely to cause the greatest psychological disruption? a) the birth of the first child b) increased work hours to meet the new financial responsibilities of the family c) labour and delivery

Answer 150

a) the birth of the first child

Question 151

According to Harwood: a) the prenatal period appears to be the most stressful for young fathers’ transition to parenthood. b) many fathers are not as involved with their children than fathers in the past c) females are working 2 jobs

Answer 151

a) the prenatal period appears to be the most stressful for young fathers’ transition to parenthood.

Question 152

the number one cause of death in australia is: a) chicken pox b) cardiovascular disease c) diabetes d) chlamydia

Answer 152

b) cardiovascular disease

Question 153

primary ageing refers to: a) pathological ageing — the effects of illness or disease on the body due to environmental exposure or health-compromising behaviours b) normal age-related changes everyone experiences, such as menopause in women and hormonal changes in men including decreasing serum testosterone levels

Answer 153

b) normal age-related changes everyone experiences, such as menopause in women and hormonal changes in men including decreasing serum testosterone levels

Question 154

secondary ageing refers to: a) pathological ageing — the effects of illness or disease on the body due to environmental exposure or health-compromising behaviours b) normal age-related changes everyone experiences, such as menopause in women and hormonal changes in men including decreasing serum testosterone levels

Answer 154

a) pathological ageing — the effects of illness or disease on the body due to environmental exposure or health-compromising behaviours

Question 155

he outward signs of ageing such such as skin, hair and body build become apparent in: a) adolescence b) middle adulthood c) late adulthood d) early adulthood

Answer 155

b) middle adulthood

Question 156

which of the following is the most accurate? a) There is no evidence those with more pronounced visible signs of ageing have a shorter lifespan compared to their peers. b) there is a strong correlation between ageing and life expectancy c) people tend to lose weight during mid to late 50s d) regular exercise and proper diet can increase excess fat around the body.

Answer 156

a) There is no evidence those with more pronounced visible signs of ageing have a shorter lifespan compared to their peers.

Question 157

accommodation is: a) the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on things close by b) adjusting to new external environments

Answer 157

a) the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on things close by

Question 158

which of the following cancers is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Aus and NZ among women a) lung cancer b) prostate c) cardiovascular disease d) breast cancer

Answer 158

d) breast cancer

Question 159

climacteric refers to: a) the process by which there is a reduction in sex hormone production b) the end of menstruation c) the entire process that ends with menopause d) reproductive change and sexuality over a long period of time

Answer 159

a) the process by which there is a reduction in sex hormone production or c) the entire process that ends with menopause

Question 160

the average age for menopause in Australian and NZ is: a) 45 years b) 51 years c) 48 years d) 40 years

Answer 160

b) 51

Question 161

hot flushes are most common the which of the following? a) later stage of the menopausal transition b) in smokers and in women with high levels of FSH c) premenopausal stage

Answer 161

a) later stage of the menopausal transition and/or b) in smokers and in women with high levels of FSH

Question 162

surgical removal of the uterus is called: a) vasectomy b) power surge c) hysterectomy d) oophorectomy

Answer 162

c) hysterectomy

Question 163

hysterectomy and oophorecectomy differ in that: a) H sometimes triggers menopause and O always triggers menopause b) H always triggers menopause, whereas O sometimes does

Answer 163

a) H sometimes triggers menopause and O always triggers menopause

Question 164

a cross sectional study: a) compares groups of people of different ages at the same point in time b) tests the same subjects periodically over an extended time period. c) allows comparisons among cohorts at any one time and traces individuals’ actual development over time.

Answer 164

a) compares groups of people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 165

a sequential study allows: a) compares groups of people of different ages at the same point in time b) tests the same subjects periodically over an extended time period. c) allows comparisons among cohorts at any one time and traces individuals’ actual development over time.

Answer 165

c) allows comparisons among cohorts at any one time and traces individuals’ actual development over time.

Question 166

crystallised intelligence refers to: a) learnt cognitive processes and primary abilities, such as vocabulary, general information and word fluency, which remain relatively stable with increasing age. b) the ability to process new information in novel situations.

Answer 166

a) learnt cognitive processes and primary abilities, such as vocabulary, general information and word fluency, which remain relatively stable with increasing age.

Question 167

All of the following are accurate statements, except? a) fluid intelligence declines from early adulthood. b) fluid intelligence is not based off education or acculturation c) crystallised intelligence stabilises with age d) fluid intelligence does not depend on neurological development

Answer 167

d) fluid intelligence does not depend on neurological development the processing of information is less tied to education and depends more on neurological development than on the transmission of formal knowledge about one’s culture

Question 168

crystallised intelligence ____ with age, whereas fluid intelligence ____ during adolescence and _____ with age. a) declines, improves, increases b) stablises, improves, decreases c) improves, stabilises, increases d) improves, peaks, decreases

Answer 168

d) improves, peaks, decreases

Question 169

Horn and Hofer posit that: a) age-related declines in fluid intelligence result from accumulations of small losses of brain function b) drug and alcohol abuse, poor diet or inactivity are a result declined fluid intelligence

Answer 169

a) age-related declines in fluid intelligence result from accumulations of small losses of brain function and/or b) drug and alcohol abuse, poor diet or inactivity are a result declined fluid intelligence

Question 170

which of the following is an accurate statement? a) cardiovascular fitness promotes neuroplasticity and improved cognitive ability b) the neurons in an adult brain can be replaced when they die off c) cognitive ability increases with age

Answer 170

a) cardiovascular fitness promotes neuroplasticity and improved cognitive ability

Question 171

practical intelligence in ___, whereas expertise and wisdom refer to: a) involves the application of intellectual skills to everyday activities; behaviours that require intelligence as well as specialised experience in specific domains b) behaviours that require intelligence as well as specialised experience in specific domains; involves the application of intellectual skills to everyday activities

Answer 171

a) involves the application of intellectual skills to everyday activities; behaviours that require intelligence as well as specialised experience in specific domains

Question 172

Which of the following statements is accurate? a) There is evidence that midlife and older adults perform at similar or better levels to young adults in interpersonal problem solving b) Studies of practical intelligence show a decrease in abilities with age and most even show an decline in performance through middle age

Answer 172

a) There is evidence that midlife and older adults perform at similar or better levels to young adults in interpersonal problem solving

Question 173

For both valiant and Levinson, early to middle adulthood is a period of: a) personality development b) career establishment and consolidation c) establishing close relationships

Answer 173

b) career establishment and consolidation

Question 174

plateauing refers to: a) Fear of job loss b) reaching a point of constricted occupational opportunity

Answer 174

b) reaching a point of constricted occupational opportunity

Question 175

plateauing usually occurs during: a) early career b) mid career c) middle adulthood d) late career

Answer 175

b) mid career

Question 176

older people tend to be ___ satisfied with their jobs than young people. a) more b) less

Answer 176

a) more

Question 177

the term middlescence refers to: a) Work satisfaction b) the length of time people have been in the job rather than their age c) older people being more satisfied with their job d) mid-career restlessness that includes feelings of frustration and alienation, but also involves a focus on self-discovery and new opportunities

Answer 177

d) mid-career restlessness that includes feelings of frustration and alienation, but also involves a focus on self-discovery and new opportunities

Question 178

middlescence can provide an opportunity for new beginnings and self-development. Which of the following is an example of this? a) life coaching and mentoring to people b) quitting your current job and returning to university

Answer 178

a) life coaching and mentoring to people

Question 179

as a result of discrimination in the workforce, who is more likely to plateau, or reach a glass ceiling long before they reach their corporate dream? a) full-time employees b) middle aged adults c) ethnic minorities d) African Americans and Hispanics

Answer 179

A) and (or d)

Question 180

glass ceiling refers to the invisible barriers minorities and women confront as they approach the top of the corporate hierarchy. Who is more vulnerable to social barriers such as stereotyping and prejudice in the workplace? a) women b) minorities c) men d) caucasian men

Answer 180

a) women and or b) minorities

Question 181

men constitute the majority of full-time workers who are ___, and women compromise the majority of part-time workers. a) young b) middle aged c) aged between 45 and 54 d) 45 and older

Answer 181

d) 45 and older

Question 182

poverty among older women is common in those who: a) have dropped out of the labour force b) switched to part-time employment c) have missed out on raises and promotions d) all of the above

Answer 182

d) all of the above

Question 183

the initial reaction to job loss is likely to compromise: a) grief, shock and anger b) frustration, guilt and denial c) shock, disbelief and anger d) upset, trauma and disbelief

Answer 183

c) shock, disbelief and anger

Question 184

what happens in the first stage of job loss? a) relief and relaxation b) resignation to being out of work c) efforts to become reemployed in a few months d) frustration at not finding work

Answer 184

a) relief and relaxation

Question 185

what happens in the 3rd stage of job loss? a) relief and relaxation b) resignation to being out of work c) efforts to become reemployed in a few months d) frustration at not finding work

Answer 185

d) frustration at not finding work

Question 186

what happens in the 2nd stage of job loss? a) relief and relaxation b) resignation to being out of work c) efforts to become reemployed in a few months d) frustration at not finding work

Answer 186

c) efforts to become reemployed in a few months

Question 187

what happens in the 4th stage of job loss? a) relief and relaxation b) resignation to being out of work c) efforts to become reemployed in a few months d) frustration at not finding work

Answer 187

b) resignation to being out of work

Question 188

after 6 months of job hunting, Susan has found a new position for new employment. which stage, in terms of job employment, does she function at? a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4

Answer 188

b) stage 2 The second stage includes efforts to become re-employed. If these efforts are not successful in a few months, the third stage — frustration at not finding work — sets in. Because Susan found re-employment during the second stage, she is among the group of unemployed who will suffer the least

Question 189

garret, who has been seeking new employment following his dismissal (fired) for months is becoming frustrated at the fact that he cannot find work. in terms of job loss, what stage does garret function at? a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4

Answer 189

c) stage 3 The second stage includes efforts to become re-employed. If these efforts are not successful in a few months, the third stage — frustration at not finding work — sets in

Question 190

Janet who has been looking for new employment for almost a year now has not been successful. considering she has a daughter in uni, she has decided to resign from work while her husband remains in full-time employment. in terms of job loss, what stage does Janet function at? a) stage 1 b) stage 2 c) stage 3 d) stage 4

Answer 190

d) stage 4 The fourth stage is resignation to being out of work.

Question 191

increased risk of coronary heart disease in midlife men is linked to: a) unemployment b) depression c) social withdrawal and isolation d) stress

Answer 191

a) unemployment

Question 192

the psychological impact of unemployment may be greater for ___ because their sense of identity and self esteem is more closely tied to their work. a) men b) women

Answer 192

a) men

Question 193

The Australian National Mental Health and Well-Being Survey found that midlife adults have ________ rates of anxiety and affective disorders than older adults. a) equivalent b) lower c) higher d) equal

Answer 193

c) higher

Question 194

Most fifty-year-old adults need bifocals or reading glasses because: a) of changes in retinal circulation. b) of changes in the length of the eyeball. c) the pupil no longer dilates and constricts as quickly. d) thickened lenses make accommodation harder.

Answer 194

d) thickened lenses make accommodation harder.

Question 195

Compared with their parents’ generation, baby boomers (born 1946‒1965) have reached middle adulthood with: a) less diversity. b) more remaining single and more not rearing children. c) less optimistic views of middle age. d) less political involvement.

Answer 195

b) more remaining single and more not rearing children.

Question 196

which of the following statements is true? a) The number and vitality of sperm increase with age. b) Older males’ sperm are less likely to carry genetic defects. c) Some older men continue to have testosterone levels as high as those of younger men. d) The testes increase in size and firmness with age.

Answer 196

c) Some older men continue to have testosterone levels as high as those of younger men.

Question 197

Which group of women is less likely to experience hot flushes? a) older women b) slender women c) tall women d) obese women

Answer 197

d) obese women

Question 198

Brent wants to feel brighter than his parents and get them to agree that psychologists think that they are getting less intelligent and will lose more of their intelligence over the next few decades. Therefore, Brent should concentrate on presenting which kinds of studies of intelligence to ‘prove’ his point? a) animal maze learning studies b) longitudinal studies c) sequential studies d) cross-sectional studies

Answer 198

d) cross-sectional studies A cross sectional study compares groups of people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 199

Which of the following statements is correct regarding work satisfaction during the lifespan? a) Work satisfaction is a flat line. b) Work satisfaction increases in a linear fashion. c) Work satisfaction decreases in a linear fashion. d) Work satisfaction takes on an inverted-U shape, so mid-career workers experience a dip.

Answer 199

d) Work satisfaction takes on an inverted-U shape, so mid-career workers experience a dip.

Question 200

Which of the following is true about gender and returning to tertiary education in midlife? a) Men and women are equally likely to cite children as a reason for dropping out of studies. b) Men demonstrate more barriers to adult learning than women. c) Women show greater variation in their reasons for adult learning than men. d) Men are more often triggered by career transitions than women.

Answer 200

c) Women show greater variation in their reasons for adult learning than men.

Question 201

middle adulthood is a period of: a) monotony and stability b) plateau

Answer 201

a) monotony and stability

Question 202

change in personality is emphasised during which lifespan? a) adolescence b) early c) middle d) late

Answer 202

c) middle

Question 203

the causes of personality change in adulthood can be: a) intrinsic b) environmental c) extrinsic d) both A and B

Answer 203

d) both A and B environment - they experience changing life circumstances intrinsic - they have an intrinsic tendency not to change/their personality is unfolding according to an innate program

Question 204

``` subjective age (how a person perceives their ageing) is linked to: a) greater life satisfaction, higher positive affect, greater confidence in abilities, better physical health ```

Answer 204

-

Question 205

Kertzner (2001) identified four themes of homosexual identity in middle-aged gay men. If josh is satisfied with his life and relationships but believes heterosexual orientation would lead to a better life. He is experiencing which theme? a) realisation b) transformation c) accomodation d) encumbrance

Answer 205

accomodation Accommodation described the views of midlife gay men who said they were satisfied with their lives and relationships, but who thought traditional family life and heterosexual orientation would have led to an easier life.

Question 206

carl jung defined personality or psych as: a) a collection of conflicting forces b) individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving c) understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability.

Answer 206

a) a collection of conflicting forces

Question 207

Karl, a 52-year-old gay man, has found that in middle adulthood he is more involved in raising awareness and activism on issues that affect the Gay Lesbian Bisexual Transsexual(GLBT) community. Which of Kertzner's four themes of identity for middle-aged men is Karl addressing? a) realisation b) transformation c) accomodation d) encumbrance

Answer 207

b) transformation Kertzner's theme of transformation refers to the expansion of personal identity into arenas that value awareness, compassion, creativity and activism.

Question 208

Georgia is a young woman with three children at home. Virginia also has three children but they are older and have moved out of Virginia's home. Compared with Georgia, Virginia is more likely to: a) have a lower sense of wellbeing b) be happier with her marriage c) be more depressed d) feel less powerful

Answer 208

b) be happier with her marriage Midlife women whose children have left home have a greater sense of well-being a lower rate of depression, and improved marriages compared with younger women with children at home.

Question 209

according to Erickson, gerneativity refers to: a) requires expanding ego interests and developing a deep concern for the establishment and nurturance of the next generation b) creating a personal legacy that can serve as an enduring symbol of one’s existence c) life no longer feeling purposeful or having long-term meaning d) both A and B

Answer 209

d) both A and B Generativity requires expanding ego interests and developing a deep concern for the establishment and nurturance of the next generation. It involves creating a personal legacy that can serve as an enduring symbol of one’s existence

Question 210

accordion go erikson, generativity: a) increases in importance and strength through middle adulthood and taper off in old age b) is equally important in middle and later adulthood

Answer 210

a) increases in importance and strength through middle adulthood and taper off in old age

Question 211

according to erikson, generativity: a) increases in adulhood b) increases in middle adulthood, but does not decrease in late adulthood c) is equally as important in middle and late adulthood

Answer 211

b) increases in middle adulthood, but does not decrease in late adulthood

Question 212

the link between gerneativity and wellbeing is stronger for women or men? in which lifespan>

Answer 212

women in middle adulthood

Question 213

generative acts in middle adulthood can be defined as either agentic; or communal. a) concerned with the self; concerned with others b) concerned with others; concerned with the self

Answer 213

a) concerned with the self; concerned with others

Question 214

jess, a 45 year old mother is more concerned with spending her spare time doing volunteer work. this is an example of which generative act: a) agentic b) communal

Answer 214

b) communal

Question 215

Gould found that: | a) transformation of middle adulthood to be the most significant changes throughout adulthood

Answer 215

a) transformation of middle adulthood to be the most significant changes throughout adulthood

Question 216

Researchers have confirmed midlife couples disagree more than older couples on: a) issues like finances, leisure and household management b) family time and leisure time c) household management and finances only d) family time

Answer 216

a) issues like finances, leisure and household management

Question 217

normative issues that midlife couples may be dealing with that impact on martial satisfaction include: a) launching grown children, caring for older parents, changing financial circumstance and retirement issues b) job dissatisfaction

Answer 217

a) launching grown children, caring for older parents, changing financial circumstance and retirement issues

Question 218

Shiota and Leveson (2007) found that The negative relationship between marital satisfaction and spousal similarity in both conscientiousness and extraversion was stronger in: a) older aged couples b) middle aged couples c) both older and middle aged couples

Answer 218

b) middle aged couples

Question 219

cohabitation is most prevalent among people: a) who have previously married b) who have never been married

Answer 219

a) who have previously married

Question 220

Developing an autonomous identity separate from parents is associated with: a) adolescence b) early adolescence c) middle adulthood d) late adulthood.

Answer 220

a) adolescence

Question 221

``` during early adulthood, sensitivity to ____ continues to increase until 45 years of age. a) hearing b touch c) smell d) vision ```

Answer 221

touch

Question 222

to optimise health and prevent illness ____ and ____ are recommended per day a) 2 servings of fruit; 5 servings of vegetables b) 5; 2 c) 5;7 d 2;7

Answer 222

a) 2 servings of fruit; 5 servings of vegetables

Question 223

Individuals who are most at risk for eating disorders: a) athletes, obese individuals, individuals who were once overweight b) adults who were sexually abused as children. b) ethnic minorities c) indians

Answer 223

A and B

Question 224

According to Erik Erikson, the most important task in early adulthood is: a) achieving academic or career success b) separating form one's parents c) forging and identity d) developing close personal relationships

Answer 224

early adulthood: intimacy vs isolation: | d) developing close personal relationships

Question 225

The gender-differentiated personality theories of Chodorow, Gilligan and Miller emphasise: a) interpersonal relationships in forming female personalities b) the view of women being autonomous beings c) that men and women have quite seperate ways of of defining their personality d) that autonomy and assertion are contradictory to the context of relationships

Answer 225

c) that men and women have quite seperate ways of of defining their personality The gender-differentiated personality theories of Chodorow, Gilligan and Miller emphasise that men and women have quite separate ways of defining their personalities. Females typically have a relational way of being and males more of an autonomous way of being.

Question 226

The surgical removal of the ovaries, which triggers surgical menopause is termed: a) oophorectomy b) hysterectomy

Answer 226

a) oophorectomy

Question 227

Surgical removal of the uterus is termed a) oophorectomy b) hysterectomy

Answer 227

b) hysterectomy

Question 228

Helson and McCabe found which of the following to be true of midlife women participants in the Mills Longitudinal study? a) women who had been classified as identify foreclosure were most likely to be in traditional marriages b) women who had been classified as moratorium identity status were more likely to have remained single c) moratorium- identity status was associated with the women least able to make successful adaptions in life d) all 4 identity statuses were associated with an equal change of making good adaptions in life

Answer 228

a) women who had been classified as identify foreclosure were most likely to be in traditional marriages

Question 229

In australia they argue that: a) cohabitation neither increases nor reduces the risk of subsequent divorce following marriage in contemporary Australian families. b) cohabitation couples who subsequently married were at greater risk of divorce.

Answer 229

a) cohabitation neither increases nor reduces the risk of subsequent divorce following marriage in contemporary Australian families. Early research suggested that cohabitating couples who subsequently married were at greater risk of divorce, but such studies often did not consider the total length of the union and the lower acceptance of cohabiting unions in earlier cohorts. Findings of de Vaus, Qu, and Weston (2003) on marital stability following cohabitation in Australian couples suggests that the survival gap has narrowed for recent cohorts, compared to those married in the 1970s and 1980s. They argue that cohabitation neither increases nor reduces the risk of subsequent divorce following marriage in contemporary Australian families.

Question 230

Kuperbergs found that there is a higher risk of marriage dissolution found in pre-marriage cohabiters and is explained which factor: a) age b) gender c) SES d) financial status

Answer 230

a) age Kuperberg’s (2014) analysis of data collected between 1985 and 2009 found that the higher risk of marriage dissolution found for pre-marriage cohabitors was largely explained by the young age at which they began cohabiting. This is consistent with the higher risk of divorce found for couples who marry young. Age is also related to relationship quality in cohabitors: older cohabiting adults have more frequent interactions with their partners and their relationships are more stable (Brown, 2003). Cohabitors over fifty report more fairness, more time alone with partners and fewer disagreements than younger cohabitors do

Question 231

which of the following is true about the United States? a) cohabiters were more likely than married couples to report that their union was very happy b) no differences were found on a range of measures assessing relationship quality, including emotional satisfaction, openness, enjoyment of time spent together, and levels of criticism and demand

Answer 231

b) no differences were found on a range of measures assessing relationship quality, including emotional satisfaction, openness, enjoyment of time spent together, and levels of criticism and demand

Question 232

Kurdek (1995) looked at perceptions of attachment, autonomy and equality, the importance of these in an ideal relationship and relationship commitment in three annual assessments Which of the following statements are true? a) gay men attributed greater importance to equality than did lesbians b) in both groups, the importance of attachment in the ideal relationship declined over time c) Relationship commitment increased when perceived equality was less than the ideal and as the importance assigned to autonomy increased over that assigned to attachment

Answer 232

b) in both groups, the importance of attachment in the ideal relationship declined over time Lesbians attributed greater importance to equality than did gay couples. In both groups the importance of attachment in the ideal relationship declined over time. Relationship commitment decreased when perceived equality was less than the ideal and as the importance assigned to autonomy increased over that assigned to attachment.

Question 233

Janet is 36 years of age and has 2 son aged 3. Between the subgroup of stage 1, which does Janet function at? a) beginning families b) transition to parenthood families c) families with preschoolers

Answer 233

c) families with preschoolers families with preschoolers the oldest child is between two-and-a-half and six years of age

Question 234

Janet is 42 years of age and has 2 daughters aged 2 and 10 years of age. at which stage of the family life cycle does she function at? a) stage 1 (young families) b) stage 2 (maturing) c) stage 3 (middle aged families) d) stage 4 (older families)

Answer 234

``` stage 2 Maturing families (stage II) have school-aged children, with at least one child between 6 and 18 years old ```

Question 235

which family stages are happier? a) middle age (3) and older (4) b) middle age only (3) c) older only (4) d) stage (1) and (2)

Answer 235

a) middle age (3) and older (4)

Question 236

which of the following statements is true of martial satisfaction? a) martial quality increases with age b) martial quality decreases with age c) age is negatively associated with martial quality

Answer 236

b) martial quality decreases with age martial quality declines with age. age is positively associated with martial quality

Question 237

Among couples with children the timing of parenting impacted on marital quality: the negative marital experiences associated with living with a young child were greater for __ than ___ parents a) younger; older b) older; young

Answer 237

a) younger; older

Question 238

The impact of children on marital satisfaction is more negative for women with: a) high SES b) lower income

Answer 238

a) higher SES

Question 239

(Drago, Tseng, & Wooden, 2005) show that in dual-income families with children, men spend ___ hours more per week in paid employment than women do. a) 12 b) 20 c) 6 d) 31

Answer 239

b) 20

Question 240

Women in non-egalitarian work patterns spend on average __ hours more per week with their children than women with egalitarian work patterns. a) 7 b) 9 c) 2 d) 12

Answer 240

a) 7

Question 241

Women in couples with egalitarian patterns are more likely than the men to: a) have a university degree and a professional job

Answer 241

-

Question 242

the transition to parenthood in their late thirties and early forties rather than during early adulthood can be caused by which of the following factors? a) the desire to establish financial and professional security and fertility problems

Answer 242

-

Question 243

multigenerational households refers to: a) children who haven't moved out b) children who return home once they've lost their job c) all of the above

Answer 243

c) all of the above

Question 244

kin keeping skills refers to: a) skills that keep the individual in touch with other family members, such as phoning, sending birthday cards of visiting b) cleaning and maintaining household duties

Answer 244

a) skills that keep the individual in touch with other family members, such as phoning, sending birthday cards of visiting

Question 245

who coined the term ageism? a) erikson b) robbery butler

Answer 245

b) robbery butler

Question 246

ageism is defined as systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old, just as racism and sexism accomplish this with skin color and gender

Answer 246

notes

Question 247

according to WHO, which of the following may be the most prevalent? a) ageism b) racism c) sexism

Answer 247

a) ageism The World Health Organization (WHO; 2015) suggested that ageism may be more prevalent than sexism or racism.

Question 248

According to Packer and Chasteen (2006), which of the following is true about ageing? a) young adults who strongly identify with their own age group have more negative attitudes about ageing after writing about how they picture themselves at age 70 b) weakly identified young adults express more negative attitudes towards ageing c) media does not have any influence on people's attitudes towards ageing

Answer 248

a) young adults who strongly identify with their own age group have more negative attitudes about ageing after writing about how they picture themselves at age 70 ____________________ weakly identified young adults express more POSITIVE attitudes towards ageing media does influence our attitudes of how we should look when we're older (creams, cosmetics, etc)

Question 249

the personality of the elderly is often described as: a) cranky and repetitive b) sweet and caring c) storytellers d) annoying

Answer 249

a) cranky and repetitive

Question 250

negative stereotypes of older people include: a) slow, unattractive and grey-haired b) caring, sweet and pleasant c) hostile, bitter and frugal

Answer 250

a) slow, unattractive and grey-haired

Question 251

compared to young adults, older people are perceived to be: a) warmer and friendlier b) more incompetent c) independant d) active

Answer 251

a) warmer and friendlier and b) more incompetent

Question 252

Late Adulthood (16) Levy (2008) found that older individuals who were more rigid held more negative ageing stereotypes over time, and older individuals with more negative ageing stereotypes in turn had more negative ageing self-perceptions. The process of social comparison may be useful in maintaining positive self-perceptions into old age

Answer 252

notes

Question 253

which of the following is thought to increase during late adulthood? a) wisdom, respect, family authority, knowledge b) new learning, attractiveness, family authority c) knowledge, wisdom, life satisfaction, attractiveness d) everyday tasks, wisdom, family authority, knowledge, respect

Answer 253

a) wisdom, respect, family authority, knowledge

Question 254

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Koder and Helmes (2008) found that among Australian psychologists, clinical exposure to older clients and to age-related content in training programs were the most important predictors of engaging in clinical work with older adults.

Answer 254

notes

Question 255

which of the following contributed to the greatest increase in average life expectancy in 1900? a) the eradication of disease b) improvements in diet c) sanitation and medicine d) the control of fatal diseases

Answer 255

a) Most of the increase has come from the eradication of diseases that caused high infant and child mortality

Question 256

the most advantaged segment of the late adulthood population in their early sixties are: a) employed people b) married men c) widowed women

Answer 256

The most advantaged segment of the late-adult population is employed, married men in their early sixties. The least advantaged is widowed women over 75 years of age, who are reliant on social security for their incomes.

Question 257

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Australian baby boomers as a group are predicted to be wealthier than their parents in late adulthood because they have experienced high levels of employment and relatively high incomes

Answer 257

notes

Question 258

the maximum lifespan for humans is: a) 100 years b) 121 years c) 120 years d) 113 years

Answer 258

c) 120 years

Question 259

Notes: Late adulthood (16) The number of centenarians — people 100 years old or older (mostly in North America, Europe and Japan populations) The term super centenarians has been coined to refer to people over the age of 110 years

Answer 259

notes

Question 260

the degenerative phase of the ageing process that causes an individual to become more vulnerable to disease and mortality as the years go by is termed: a) senescence b) secondary ageing c) primary ageing d) an auto immune response

Answer 260

a) senescence The breakdown of the surveillance, repair and replacement process of the body is known as senescence. Senescence is the degenerative phase of the ageing process that causes an individual to become more vulnerable to disease and mortality as the years go by.

Question 261

Notes: Late adulthood (16) cellular theories/ ‘wear and tear’ theories, as they explain the loss of function that is caused by repeated errors of transmission of genetic material

Answer 261

notes

Question 262

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Programming theories consider the maximum lifespan to be predetermined by the genes in each species

Answer 262

notes

Question 263

the strongest predictor for exceptional longevity can be explained by: a) having parents who lived to a very old age b) midlife occupation for men c) listening to the radio in the household for women at midlife

Answer 263

a) The strongest predictor for exceptional longevity was having parents who also lived to a very old age

Question 264

Notes: Late adulthood (16) The telomere hypothesis of ageing states sufficient telomere loss on one or more chromosomes in normal somatic cells triggers cell senescence

Answer 264

notes

Question 265

which of the following factors is associated with longer telomere length? a) higher physical activity during leisure time b) less physical activity c) smoking d) SES

Answer 265

a) higher physical activity during leisure time Higher physical activity during leisure time was associated with longer telomere length after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status and physical activity at work.

Question 266

all of the following factors contributes to the decline in the mortality rate for those over 45, EXCEPT: a) improvements in medical care b) drug management of cardiovascular disease and hypertension c) access to medical care d) increased smoking

Answer 266

d) increased smoking

Question 267

death in late adulthood is mostly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) respiratory system infection b) heart failure c) dementia d) hypertension e) cardiovascular disease

Answer 267

d) hypertension old age saw a rise in death due to respiratory system infection, heart failure, dementia and cardiovascular disease

Question 268

the leading cause of death in Australia among women (in late adulthood) is: a) cerebrovascular disease b) trachea and lung cancer c) diabetes d) dementia and alzheimers disease

Answer 268

d) dementia and alzheimers disease

Question 269

the leading cause of death in australia among men is (in late adulthood) is: a) trachea and lung cancer b) prostate cancer c) diabetes d) ischaemic heart disease

Answer 269

d) ischaemic heart disease (angina, heart attack, blocked artery of the heart)

Question 270

slowing (slower reaction times etc) in the elderly are a result of: a) primary ageing b) secondary ageing c) telomerase d) falls

Answer 270

a) primary ageing Slowing occurs as a result of primary ageing in both the central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 271

wrinkling in the skin are caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) thinning of the skin b) changes in blood vessels c) loss of skeletal muscle mass d) loss of pigmentation e) loss of fat below the skins surface

Answer 271

d) loss of pigmentation wrinkling: thinning of the skin, changes in blood vessels that impede circulation to the skin’s surface, loss of skeletal and muscle mass, and loss of fat below the skin’s surface

Question 272

who is more likely to develop more pigmentation irregularities in old age? a) African americas b) a caucasian woman c) indians d) British

Answer 272

b) a caucasian woman and d) British Light-skinned people are subject to more damage from ultraviolet light than darker-skinned people and are likely to develop more pigmentation irregularities

Question 273

demineralisation of bone is an aspect of: a) primary ageing b) secondary ageing

Answer 273

a) primary ageing

Question 274

All of the following slow bone loss and reduce the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women, EXCEPT: a) regular weight-bearing exercise b) calcium and vitamin D supplements c) increasing carbohydrate intake d) oestrogen replacement therapy

Answer 274

c) increasing carbohydrate intake Regular weight-bearing exercise, oestrogen replacement therapy, and calcium and vitamin D supplements, separately or together, have been shown to slow bone loss and reduce risk of fracture in postmenopausal women

Question 275

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Atrophy in skeletal muscles (muscle wasting) is called sarcopenia, and muscle weakness is called dynapenia. Dynapenia is associated with increased mortality and disability in older adults

Answer 275

notes

Question 276

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Atrophy in skeletal muscles (muscle wasting) is called sarcopenia, and muscle weakness is called dynapenia. Dynapenia is associated with increased mortality and disability in older adults

Answer 276

notes

Question 277

which of the following is responsible for the majority of visual impairment problems in older adults? a) cataract b) glaucoma c) diabetic retinopathy d) uncorrected refractor error

Answer 277

d) uncorrected refractor error Uncorrected refractive errors are responsible for the majority of visual impairment problems in older adults. After excluding these problems, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration are the major causes of visual loss.

Question 278

who have greater hearing loss? a) men b) women

Answer 278

a) men Men have greater hearing loss than women, probably due to greater exposure to occupational and recreational noise.

Question 279

which of the following sense decreases at about 30 years of age? a) smell b) hearing c) vision d) taste

Answer 279

a) smell Olfactory (smell) receptors regenerate continually too, but their numbers begin to decrease at about thirty years of age

Question 280

who are better at identifying odours? a) females b) males

Answer 280

a) females At every age, females are better at identifying odours than males, and non-smokers are better than smokers.

Question 281

sexual functioning in late adulthood is a result of all of the the following, EXCEPT: a) changes in hormones, illness or medication use b) psychological factors, such as attitudes c) availability of a partner and relationship quality d) the amount of sperm the male is able to produce

Answer 281

d) the amount of sperm the male is able to produce changes in hormones, illness or medication use; psychological factors, such as attitudes; and social factors, such as availability of a partner and relationship quality are biological factors that determine sexual functioning in late adulthood

Question 282

the problems of sexual activity for women include all of the following (in late adulthood), EXCEPT: a) erectile dysfunction b) vaginal lubrication c) low sexual desire d) problems climaxing

Answer 282

sexual activity and more sexual problems for both men and women included problems with vaginal lubrication, low sexual desire and problems climaxing. The most significant problem for men was erectile dysfunction.

Question 283

Notes: Late adulthood (16) hypokinesia is a disease of disuse that causes degeneration and functional loss of muscle and bone tissue

Answer 283

notes

Question 284

Notes: Late adulthood (16) hypokinesia is a disease of disuse that causes degeneration and functional loss of muscle and bone tissue

Answer 284

notes

Question 285

all of the following are barriers to engaging in exercise, EXCEPT: a) poor health b) increased energy c) tiredness d) low motivation

Answer 285

b) increased energy

Question 286

blood alcohol concentration is higher in: a) older adults b) younger adults

Answer 286

a) older adults blood alcohol concentration is higher in an older individual than in a younger individual, probably due to less dilution by body water volume, which decreases with age

Question 287

Notes: Late adulthood (16) light to moderate alcohol consumption (two standard drinks per day for women and up to four for men, with two alcohol-free days per week) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, lower mortality risk in adults over 65 (McCaul et al., 2010) and a decreased risk for stroke and dementia

Answer 287

notes

Question 288

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Cancerous growths, called malignant tumours, can spread by invading other tissues and organs. This process of spreading is called metastasis.

Answer 288

notes

Question 289

which type of arthritis is the most common (in late adulthood)? a) rheumtatoid b) osteoarthritis

Answer 289

b) osteoarthritis

Question 290

older adults were at risk of suicide due to: a) physical illness b) alcohol consumption c) legal problems d) problematic behaviour

Answer 290

a) physical illness older adults were at risk of suicide because of a higher incidence of physical illness, whereas the younger adults’ risk was related to problematic behaviour, including alcohol and legal problems.

Question 291

attempted suicide in 70 year olds in Sweden include all of the following EXCEPT: a) being married b) living alone c) having a low education level d) having a history of psychiatric treatment

Answer 291

a) being married Risk factors for attempted suicide in adults aged over 70 in Sweden included being unmarried, living alone, having a low education level, having a history of psychiatric treatment, having made a previous suicide attempt, and experiencing major and minor depression

Question 292

the 2 most desirable attributes that are expected to be more frequent and stronger in late adulthood were: a) wisdom and dignity b) conservation and loss c) teaching and generosity d) faith and logic

Answer 292

a) wisdom and dignity The two desirable attributes they expected to be more frequent and stronger in late adulthood were wisdom and dignity.

Question 293

Notes: Late adulthood (16) cognitive mechanics (content free) and cognitive pragmatics (knowledge rich) are major intellectual categories that extend the distinction between fluid and crystallised intelligence

Answer 293

notes

Question 294

They asked participants to remember a long list of words. look at page 968

Answer 294

find

Question 295

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Plasticity refers to the ability of other neurons to take over the functions of neurons that have been damaged or lost. Plasticity enables other neurons to take over the functions of neurons that have been lost

Answer 295

notes

Question 296

Notes: Late adulthood (16) inductive reasoning and spatial orientation — two fluid abilities that tend to decline early

Answer 296

notes

Question 297

Notes: Late adulthood (16) In their review of studies on cognitive training, Stine-Morrow and Basak (2011) concluded that cognitive functioning can be improved in older adults when those specific skills are trained.

Answer 297

notes

Question 298

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Cognitive changes that mimic symptoms of dementia, referred to as pseudodementia

Answer 298

notes

Question 299

which of the following is classified as a chronic brain syndrome? a) anaemia b) dementia c) alzheimers d) infections

Answer 299

b) dementia c) alzheimers Irreversible changes in the brain cause chronic brain syndromes, including multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 300

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Compared to their parents, baby boomers in Australia and New Zealand are likely to be wealthier in retirement, spend longer in this phase of life (Quine & Carter, 2006), and expect that they will continue working longer than previous generations had worked (Warren, 2015).

Answer 300

notes

Question 301

Notes: Late adulthood (16) Byles et al. (2013) found that Australian women’s retirement plans were not significantly influenced by their partners’ retirement status while Warren (2015) examined the data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal study and concluded that women preferred joint leisure activities with their partner, which affected their decisions about remaining in the workforce and how many hours they worked.

Answer 301

notes

Question 302

the elderly/late adulthood are more concerned with: a) family time and financial security b) health and financial security c) health and family time d) recreational interests and family time

Answer 302

b) health and financial security Health and financial security seem to be the major determinants of life satisfaction after retirement

Question 303

which of the following is not considered a common risk factor for heart disease? a) age b) gender c) smoking d) family history

Answer 303

a) age

Question 304

all of the following are accurate statements about rheumatoid arthritis except that: a) it is an autoimmune disorder b) it affects the whole body rather than specific joints c) it occurs equally among older women and men d) it is the most crippling form of arthritis

Answer 304

c) it occurs equally among older women and men

Question 305

Notes: Late adulthood (17) The Harvard Grant study illustrates how controllable and uncontrollable factors in early life and mid-life impact on late-life adjustment

Answer 305

notes

Question 306

Notes: Late adulthood (17) Authors have identified 5 variables that contributed to late-life adjustment: a) long-lived ancestors predicted physical health only b) sustained family relationships predicted physical and mental health. Closeness to siblings was a powerful predictor of late-life adjustment c) maturity of ego defences assessed before 50 years of age contributed to psychosocial adjustment at 65 years of aged d) absence of alcoholism promoted health c) absence of depressive disorder also promoted health.

Answer 306

notes

Question 307

which of the following is not part of the 5 stationary personality components that were stationary in Field and Millsap's (1991) Berkeley study? a) intellect b) agreeableness c) satisfaction d) fluency e) energetic f) extroversion

Answer 307

d) fluency

Question 308

When they compared old-old and oldest-old adults, Field and Millsap found all of the following, EXCEPT: a) oldest-old were less energetic than the old-old and were declining on this trait more rapidly b) The oldest-old showed some decline in intellect, but this was unchanged for the old-old. c) The most stable trait they found was agreeableness d) more than one-third of the respondents increased in agreeableness

Answer 308

c) The most stable trait they found was agreeableness The most stable trait they found was SATISFACTION

Question 309

which of the following describes Erikson's stages of late adulthood? a) identify vs role confusion b) intimacy vs isoaltion c) generativity vs stagnation d) integrity vs despair

Answer 309

d) integrity vs despair

Question 310

according to erikson, late adulthood is concerned with: a) personality development b) health and recreational interests c) enduring meaning for one's life d) health and finance

Answer 310

c) enduring meaning for one's life

Question 311

attainment of ego integrity in women is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: a) martial satisfaction b) close relationships with adult childhood c) health status d) willingness to provide and accept help

Answer 311

c) health status Attainment of ego integrity was associated with positive outcomes for the women, including marital satisfaction, close relationships with adult children and willingness to both provide and accept help

Question 312

match each of the following statements in relation to Erikson's theory. a) placid and uncontrollable b) proud of what I've done c) know who I am and what I want out of life - identity - trust - ego integrity

Answer 312

a) placid and uncontrollable - TRUST b) proud of what I've done - EGO INTEGRITY c) know who I am and what I want out of life - IDENTITY

Question 313

according to disengagement theory, adults in old age go from: a) active to passive and are more likely to sort for new roles b) active to passive and are less likely to sort for new roles c) passive to active and are more likely to sort for new roles d) passive to active and are less likely to sort for new roles

Answer 313

b) active to passiv ad are less likely to sort for new roles As people have fewer roles, their style of inter-action changes from active to passive. Because they have become passive, they are less likely to be sought out for new roles.

Question 314

Notes: Late adulthood (17) Longitudinal work suggests that when disengagement does occur, it may reflect the lifelong personal preferences of the individual or be a response to specific life events such as illness or disability

Answer 314

notes

Question 315

Notes: Late adulthood (17) Older married people appear to be happier and healthier and to live longer than widowed and divorced people of the same age

Answer 315

notes

Question 316

compared to middle-aged adults in long term marriages, older adults report greater martial satisfaction and perceive their spouse's behaviour as: a) less negative and more positive b) more negative and less positive

Answer 316

a) less negative and more positive Compared to middle-aged adults in long-term marriages, older adults report greater marital satisfaction and perceive their spouse’s behaviour as less negative and more positive

Question 317

Notes: Late adulthood (17) men are more likely to name their wives as confidants, whereas women are more likely to name a daughter or a friend

Answer 317

notes

Question 318

in terms of remarriage in australia, Research suggests that: a) older widowed women are more likely to remarry than widowed men b) older widowed men are more likely to remarry than widowed women

Answer 318

b) older widowed men are more likely to remarry than widowed women

Question 319

Notes: Late adulthood (17) Unmarried older adults (widowed, divorced and ever-single) are more likely than married adults to spend their last year of life in a nursing home

Answer 319

notes

Question 320

poor health (in late adulthood) was can be associated with all of the following factors, EXCEPT: a) older age b) low informal supports Among carers c) low SES d) high income

Answer 320

d) high income poor health was associated with older age, low socioeconomic status and low informal supports among carers

Question 321

which of the following statements is accurate? a) by the age of 75, similar numbers of men and women are primary caregivers b) primary caregivers in australia are men c) older women who are carers are more likely to be caring for a spouse than an older man who are carers

Answer 321

a) by the age of 75, similar numbers of men and women are primary caregivers primary carers in Australia are women, but by the age of 75 and over, similar numbers of men and women are primary carers. Older men who are carers are more likely to be caring for a spouse or partner (88 per cent) than are older women who are carers for spouses (74 per cent), sons and daughters (8 per cent) and parent

Question 322

Allen (1994) found that wives (in late adulthood) provided: a) three times the hours of care husbands provided b) twice the hours of care husbands provided c) four times the hours of care husbands provided

Answer 322

. Allen (1994) found that wives provided about twice the hours of care husbands provided

Question 323

Notes: Late adulthood (17) A longitudinal study of older Australian men found that low educational and income levels, and unexpected bereavement predicted high grief scores at six weeks post-loss. For almost 9 per cent of the men, grief scores were still as high after 13 months (Byrne & Raphael, 1994). Widowhood increases the risk of illness and mortality in the surviving spouse and this effect is greater for men than women

Answer 323

notes

Question 324

Notes: Late adulthood (17) For women, but not men, ageing is seen to impact negatively on appearance (Halliwell & Dittmar, 2003). Because men are defined more in terms of productivity and accomplishment, and accomplishments are achieved over time, as a man ages he is more likely to be considered successful. Accomplishments and status make him more attractive than he was before, despite his greying hair, wrinkles and other signs of physical ageing (Saucier, 2004). The result is the double standard of ageing, whereby getting older enhances a man’s value but diminishes a woman’s value.

Answer 324

notes

Question 325

in late adulthood, who had larger social networks? (eg sister, cousin, daughter, spouse, friends etc) a) men b) women

Answer 325

b) women

Question 326

grandchildren report being more influenced by their grandmothers on all of the following, EXCEPT: a) religious belief b) sexual belief c) family ideas c) educational beliefs d) moral beliefs e) political beliefs f) personal identity issues

Answer 326

e) political beliefs Grandchildren reported being more influenced by their grandmothers than their grandfathers in religious beliefs, sexual beliefs, family ideals, educational beliefs, moral beliefs and personal identity issues. There was no difference in the degree to which the grandmothers and grandfathers influenced political beliefs and work ethics

Question 327

Notes: Late adulthood (17) older women who were childless and had never married made more use of formal services, such as home maintenance and meal provision, and were more likely than other groups of older women to belong to social groups and to take part in volunteering

Answer 327

notes

Question 328

among childless women (in late adulthood), who are generally considered important as confidants? a) friends and siblings b) relatives c) siblings only d) friends, siblings and relatives

Answer 328

Among childless women, friends and siblings are especially important as confidants, while among childless men, siblings are less important in this role than other relatives.

Question 329

childless men (in late adulthood) are more likely to turn to which of the following as a confidant? a) friends b) relatives c) siblings d) all of the above

Answer 329

b) relatives Childless men place greater emphasis on friends as companions as well, but turn to relatives for confidants.

Question 330

Notes: Late adulthood (17) Wenger (2009) found that although the oldest-old childless rural participants in the Bangor Longitudinal Study of Ageing placed importance on friendships and kin, they were more likely than to end their lives in residential care or long stay hospitals. Childless Australian women are also more likely than women with offspring to live in institutionalised (hostel or nursing home) settings

Answer 330

notes

Question 331

Notes: Late adulthood (17) reduced activity (in late adulthood) is related to all of the following: a) being older or female b) having lower education c) less social networks d) physical and mental limitations

Answer 331

notes

Question 332

before the 1900s, the age group with the most deaths in any one year was: a) adults over 65 years of age b) pregnant women c) children under 15

Answer 332

c) children under 15 Before 1900, the age group with the most deaths in any one year was children under 15 years of age, whereas now death is most common in adults over 65 years of age.

Question 333

After sam became terminally ill and moved into the hospice, many of his family and friends stop regular contact. sam is experiencing: a) the good death b) death isolation c) a social death d) death denial

Answer 333

c) a social death The dying often experience a social death before their biological death where they are isolated in institutions away from family and friends and sometimes shunned by their medical caregivers as well.

Question 334

a person who is brain dead: a) is warm and there skin colour is normal b) is fully functional c) is unconscious d) is warm, the skin is normal and the hair and nails continues to grow

Answer 334

d) is warm, the skin is normal and the hair and nails continues to grow

Question 335

perceptions of the amount of time left (until a person dies) are affected by which of the following? a) the age at which one's parents died b) the persons own age c)

Answer 335

Perceptions of the amount of time left are affected by the ages at which one’s parents died as well as by one’s own age.

Question 336

match each of the following in terms of death: a) neutral acceptance b) approach-orientated acceptance c) escape-orientated accepted - accepting death as escape from a painful experience - accepting death as a passage to a happy afterlife - accepting death asa reality that is neither welcomed nor feared Note: there is no religious-acceptance

Answer 336

neutral acceptance — accepting death as a reality that is neither welcomed nor feared approach-oriented acceptance — for example, accepting death as a passage to a happy afterlife escape-oriented acceptance — for example, accepting death as escape from a painful existence.

Question 337

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Adolescents tend to deny their own mortality as they cling to the personal fable of invincibility. When faced with a life-threatening illness, they continue to struggle for independence, need to control some aspect of their lives, and strive to maintain a sense of dignity and pride. Young adults are often very angry when faced with their own death, because they are just beginning the tasks of building intimate relationships, establishing occupations and raising children, and feel frustrated that their dreams will go unfulfilled.

Answer 337

notes

Question 338

high death anxiety is associated with: a) low death accpetance b) high death acceptance

Answer 338

a) low death accpetance

Question 339

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Using the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Neimeyer and Moore (1994) found a decline with age across all subscales except for fear of the unknown. Other work reports that older adults score lower on fear of the dying process, fear for significant others and fear of the unknown; only fear of being destroyed showed no age effect

Answer 339

notes

Question 340

who expresses higher concerns about death anxiety? a) men b) women

Answer 340

b) women

Question 341

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Neimeyer, Currier, Coleman, Tomer, and Samuel (2011) found that death acceptance was higher in hospice patients with a religious world view

Answer 341

notes

Question 342

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Classic work by Pattison (1972) highlights a general principle that people are better able to accept their death if they are able to manage their dying process.

Answer 342

notes

Question 343

``` Match each of the following with Kubler ross' stages of grieving: Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ``` - not me - yes me, but - my time is very close now, and tis all right - Yes me, but - Why me

Answer 343

``` Denial - not me anger - why me bargaining - yes me, but depression - yes me. begin to mourn acceptance - my time is very close now and its all right ```

Question 344

Notes: Death and Dying (18) In Australia, many Aboriginal people in remote and rural settings express a strong preference to die at home that is related to strong cultural beliefs about connections to land and family and the need to pass on sacred knowledge

Answer 344

notes

Question 345

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Passive euthanasia refers to not doing something to prolong life, such as not utilising life support equipment or not giving antibiotics. Active euthanasia refers to taking steps to gently and painlessly end life, such as giving a fatal dose of painkilling medication. Assisted suicide refers to helping with active euthanasia — for instance, providing patients with the medication they may decide to take themselves.

Answer 345

notes

Question 346

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Passive euthanasia refers to not doing something to prolong life, such as not utilising life support equipment or not giving antibiotics. Active euthanasia refers to taking steps to gently and painlessly end life, such as giving a fatal dose of painkilling medication. Assisted suicide refers to helping with active euthanasia — for instance, providing patients with the medication they may decide to take themselves.

Answer 346

notes

Question 347

Notes: Death and Dying (18) Grief is the emotional response to one’s loss. Mourning refers to the actions and manner of expressing grief, which reflect social and cultural prescriptions.

Answer 347

notes

Question 348

Notes: Death and Dying (18) The death of a sibling, spouse or partner is not uncommon in middle adulthood, and the death of a parent is normative.

Answer 348

notes

Question 349

Match the following: A good death A social death - involves being surrounded by family and friends with whom the dying person has shared life. It also includes the control of pain (palliative care) so that physical discomfort does not overwhelm the other aspects of life in the final days. - where they are isolated in institutions away from family and friends and sometimes shunned by their medical caregivers as well.

Answer 349

A good death - involves being surrounded by family and friends with whom the dying person has shared life. It also includes the control of pain (palliative care) so that physical discomfort does not overwhelm the other aspects of life in the final days. A social death - where they are isolated in institutions away from family and friends and sometimes shunned by their medical caregivers as well.

Question 350

In closed awareness of dying, awareness of impending death is limited to: a) medical personel b) medical personal and the patient c) medical personel and the loved ones d) medical personal, the patient and the loved ones

Answer 350

c) medical personel and the loved ones In closed awareness of dying, awareness of impending death is limited to the medical personnel and loved ones, but not the patient.

Question 351

Management of pain and other symptoms of terminally ill patients that allows them to enjoy what remains of life is referred to as: a) hospice b) palliative care

Answer 351

b) palliative care