IDNTFCN TN Flashcards by 18 22

Definition of “Identification”

determination of the individuality of a person or thing

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Identification is important in the following cases EXCEPT

a. person denies his identity
b. Establishing connection between a suspicious disappearance of a person and an unidentified dead body
c. unidentified body died of fire, beheading, or accident
d. legal heir.
e. NOTA (identification is important in all)

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4 cases when identification is important

PUDEL
person denies his identity
unidentified body died of fire, beheading, or accident
disappearance of a person and an unidentified dead body
establishing connection between a suspicious
legal heir

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Methods of identification (2)

Comparison

Exclusion

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Identification criteria recovered during an investigation are compared with the records available in the file or post-mortem findings

Identification by comparison

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If two or more persons have to be identified and all but one is not yet identified, the one whose identity has not been established may be known by the process of elimination.

Identification by exclusion

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The following are characteristics which may not easily be changed EXCEPT

a. speech
b. gait
c. body ornamentation
d. physical deformities

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The following are characteristics which may be easily changed EXCEPT

a. growth of hair, beard, or mustche
b. clothing
c. frequent place to visit
d. color of skin

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Points of identification applicable to both living and dead before onset of decomposition (2)

Occupational marks
Race
Stature

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introduction of coloring pigments in the layers of the skin by multiple puncture

Tattoo marks

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True about identification EXCEPT

a. weight is not a good point of identification since it is easily changed from time to time
b. deformities may lead to a person’s characteristic gait
c. at >6 months, scars are brownish or coppery
d. NOTA (all are true)

C. 2-6 mos: brownish/coppery; >6 mos: white, glistening, contracted and rough

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He devised a scheme utilizing anthropometrical measurement of the human body as basis of identification

Alphonse Bertillon

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True about the Bertillon system of identification

a. The human skeleton is unchangeable after the 25th year
b. it is possible to find 2 human beings having bones exactly the same, although this is a rare case
c. Scars are transient thus not important in the Bertillon system
d. Width of outstretched arms is measured

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3 Major Components of the Bertillon System

BAD
Body marks
Anthropometrical measurements
Descriptive Data

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Components of anthropometrical measurements (3)

BLH
Body measurements
Limb measurements
Head measurements

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Most valuable method of identification

Fingerprinting

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True about fingerprinting EXCEPT

a. No 2 Identical fingerprints
b. Not interchangeable
c. formed during 4th month of pregnancy
d. Fingerprints can be permanently removed by wounding or burning

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Impression of finger bulbs with the use of printing ink on the surface of the paper

Real fingerprint

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Types of chance impression (3)

Visible Print
Plastic Print
Latent Print

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Impression made by chance and is visible without previous treatment

Visible Print

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not visible after impression but made visible by addition of some substances

Latent print

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made by chance by pressing the fingertips on melted paraffin, putty, resin

Plastic print

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Types of fingerprint patterns (3)

Arches
Loops
Whorls

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One or more ridges enter on either side, recurves and terminate or tend to terminate on the same side from which it entered

Loops

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Patterns with two deltas and patterns too irregular in form to classify

Whorls

Ridges go from one side of the pattern to another, never turning back to make a loop

Arches

True about dental identification EXCEPT a. possibility of two persons having the same dentition is quite remote b. The enamel of the teeth is the hardest substance in the human body c. The timing of ante-mortem records does not affect the reliability of the comparative or exclusionary mode of identification that can be done d. NOTA

T/F A person may be identified through his handwriting/handprinting and handnumbering

Science of handwriting analysis

Bibliotics

Study of handwriting for the purpse of determining the writer's personality, character and aptitude

Graphology

Human skeletal components used to measure the height(4)

Femur Humerus Tibia Radius

Human skeletal components used to determine the sex (5)

``` Pelvis Skull Sternum Femur Humerus ```

Which statement suggests characteristics of male pelvis EXCEPT a. heavier construction, wall more pronounced b. lesser height c. Narrow and less round pubic arch d. Egg-shaped obturator foramen e. NOTA

B. (greater height in male) lesser height in female A. female: light construction; wall less pronounced C. female: wider and rounder pubic arch D. Angular obturator foramen

Which statement suggests characteristics of female pelvis a. Greater diameter of true pelvis b. Wide sciatic notch c. Lower level curve of iliac crest d. Round Iliopectineal line e. AOTA

E a. male: less diameter of true pelvis b. male: Narrow sciatic notch c. male: reaches a higher level d. Sharp iliopectineal line

Which statements suggest characteristics of male pelvis? a. Short and narrow sacrum b. Narrow body of pubis c. both d. neither

C; female: long and wide sacrum wide body of pubis

Which is/are not characteristic/s of female cranium? a. more curved shaft b. predominance of cranial roof over cranial base c. larger mastoid process d. cranium is placed horizontally and rests in the occipital and maxillary bones e. NOTA (all are female characteristics)

C; a. male: less curved shaft b. larger mastoid process c. smaller mastoid process d. cranium placed horizontally rests on mastoid process

Which is/characteristics of male cranium? a. shorter styloid process b. higher and mroe oblique forehead c. Less sharp and more rounded superciliary ridges d. More prominent zygomatic arches e. AOTA

a. female: longer and slender styloid process b. less high and more vertical forehead c. Sharper superciliary ridges d. less prominent zygomatic arches and fontal sinus

Characteristics of female cranium a. larger and wider lower jaw, smaller face b. larger and wider lower jaw, larger face c. Narrower and lighter lower jaw not projecting, and smaller face d. Narrower and lighter lawer jaw, larger face in proportion to cranium

C male: larger and wider lower jaw and larger face in proportion to the cranium

4 Extrinsic factors of identifcation by race

Color of the skin Facial features Nature of Hair Mode of dress

``` Elongated skull, raised forehead, proportionately small face, small upper ex normal lower ex a. Caucasian b. Mongolian c. Negro ```

Narrow and elongated skull, small and compressed forehead, malar bones and jaw projecting, teeth set obliquely, long upper ex, legs large in proportion to thighs a. Caucasian b. Mongolian c. Negro

Square skull, forehead inclined, small face, small upper ex, small lower ex a. Caucasian b. Mongolian c. Negro

all soft tissues in a grave disappear within _____

a year

The bases o the estimate for duration of interment are: | 3

1. Presence or absence of soft tissues still adherent to the bones 2. Firmness and weight, brittleness, dryness of the bones 3. Changes in clothing, coffin and painting

Legal importance of sex determination (6)

1. as an aid in identification 2. to determine whether an individual can exercise certain investigations vested by law to one sex only 3. marriage 4. Rights granted by law are different to different sexes 5. There are certain crimes wherein a specific sex can only be the offender of victim

Tests to determine the sex: | Differences in social role, dress, hairstyle, general bodily shape

Social test

Tests to determine the sex: | Presence of penis in male, absence of penis and presence of vaginal opening in female

Genital test

Tests to determine the sex: | Presence of testes in males, ovaries in females

Gonadal test

Tests to determine the sex: | Presence of deeply staining area in the nucleus of cells of women - barr bodies

Chromosomal test

3 types of evidence of sex

1. Presumptive 2. Highly probable 3. Conclusive

sex based on General feature and contour of face, presence or absence of hair in some parts of the body, length of scalp hair, clothes and other wearing apparel but not in transvestism, figure, habit or inclination, voice and manner of speech

Presumptiv

sex based on | presence of ovary in female and testis in males

Conclusive

sex based on: | vagina and uterus and accessories in female, penis in male

highly probable

4 ways to determine age

1. appearance of the ossification centers 2. union of bones and epiphyses 3. dental identification 4. Obliteration of cranial sutures

Exempted from criminal liability: a person under __ years of age

Which blood stain study? | Imparts a muddy precipitate

Heat test

Stains on dark fabric mixed with mud, paint, etc. emit bluish white luminescence due to presence of hematin

Luminescence test

Recent bloodshed is soluble in saline and imparts a bright red color

Solubility test

Chemical examinations of blood: | Brownish tinge due to the formation of alkaline hematin

Saline extract + ammonia

The following statements about chemical examinations are true a. Positive benzidine test is blue; it is not conclusive b. positive phenolphthalein test is pink; not conclusive c. Positive guaiacum test is blue; not conclusive d. Leucomalachite green test is positive when there's bluish green or peacock blue color e. AOTA

AOTA

The best micro-chemical test

Teichmaan blood crstals or hemin crstyals test

This test is positive to any substance cotaining hemoglobin

Hemochromogen crystal or takayama test

This test determines whether the blood is human or not

precipitin test

Dark red in color, does not spill far from wound, low oxygen content

Venous blood

Does not clot, acidic in reaction owing to mixture with vaginal mucus, Vaginal epithelial cells contains large number of deoderlein bacilli

Menstrual blood

bright scarlet in color, leaves the blood vessel with pressure, high oxyen content

Arterial blood

True about characteristics of Child's blood EXCEPT a. Child's blood is thin and soft compared to adult's b. Child's blood: Red blood cells are anucleatd c. RBC count more than adult d. NOTA

B; nucleated

T/F there is no method of differentiating a man's blood from a woman's blood

How was this hair extracted? | bulb irregular in form, undulating surface

Forcibly extracted

How was this hair extracted? rounded extremity, smooth surface and most porbably shows signs of atrophic or fatty degeneration, especially in an elderly person

Naturally shed

IDNTFCN TN Flashcards

(70 cards)