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IDR Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

what do monoamine oxidase inhibitors do

A

inhibit breakdown of neurotransmitters

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2
Q

what are monoamine oxidase inhibitors used in treatment of

A

psychiatric problems

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3
Q

what does methotrexate inhibit

A

DHFR–>folate synthesis–>DNA synthesis

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4
Q

what is methotrexonate used in treatment of

A

cancer chemotherapy

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5
Q

what do ACE inhibitors inhibit

A

angiotensin I–>angiotensin II

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6
Q

what are ACE inhibitors used in treatment of

A

hypertension

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7
Q

what do statins inhibit

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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8
Q

what are statins used in treatment of

A

high cholesterol

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9
Q

what does allopurinol inhibit

A

xanthine oxidase

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10
Q

what is allopurinol used in treatment of

A

hyperuricemia (high uric acid) and prevention of gout

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11
Q

how does viagra work

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase that normally destroys cGMP leads to an increase in cGMP

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12
Q

how are beta lactams named

A

-cillin
-penem
cef-
ceph-

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13
Q

how do beta lactams work

A

inhibit transpeptidase which helps make the cell wall

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14
Q

what are the 3 first generation beta lactams

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin
penicillin

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15
Q

what generation, first or second, are destroyed by beta lactamases

A

first

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16
Q

what are beta lactamases

A

enzymes produced by bacteria to destroy beta lactam antibiotics

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17
Q

what are beta lactamase inhibitors

A

chemicals that block beta lactamases, enabling beta lactam antibiotics to be effective

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18
Q

what drug contain beta lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid/clavulanate
-bactams (tazobactam, monobactam, sulbactam)

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19
Q

what type of bacteria can you use beta lactams on

A

gram + and -

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20
Q

how does vancomycin (glycopeptide) work

A

binds to Ala-Ala crossbridges, preventing cell wall formation

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21
Q

how does daptomycin (glycopeptide) work

A

disrupts ion gradient in PM

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22
Q

what type of bacteria can you use daptomycin and vancomysin on

A

gram +

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23
Q

why are daptomycin and vancomysin administered through an IV

A

they’re too large

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24
Q

how does polymycin B (colistin) work

A

destroys LPS of gram - cell membrane

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25
what type of bacteria can you use polymycin B (colistin) on
gram -
26
what is an important consideration when using polymycin B (colistin)
is is very nephrotoxic
27
what is the major component of acid fast bacteria
mycolic acid
28
how does isoniazid work
stops mycolic acid synthesis
29
what bacteria can you use isoniazid on
acid fast
30
what type of bacteria can you use pyrazidamide on
acid fast
31
how does pyrazidamide work
disrupts ATP synthesis via aerobic respiration
32
how does metronidazole work
it's reduced by ferredoxin, creating free radical (reactive nitrogen)
33
what bacteria can you use metronidazole on
obligate anaerobes (aerobes have catalase which would destroy the free radicals)
34
what is a consideration when taking metronidazole
when taken with alcohol can cause flushing, nausea, and high pulse
35
how do sulfa drugs and trimethoprim work
disrupt folate synthesis and ultimately DNA
36
what are sulfa drugs and trimethoprim commonly used for? why
UTIs they concentrate in the bladder
37
how do fluoroquinolones work
stop bacterial DNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and IV prevents DNA from unwinding upstream of the replication fork, and stops decatenation
38
what suffix is associated with fluoroquinolones
-floxacin
39
how does rifampin work
binds to RNA polymerase where sigma subunit would bind, inhibiting DNA polymerase
40
how do macrolides work
bind to 50s ribosome, stop elongation of translation
41
what suffix is associated with macrolides
mostly -mycin
42
what type of bacteria can you use quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) on
gram + (few gram-)
43
how does quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid) work
binds to different parts of the 50S ribosome subunit
44
what is an important consideration of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid)
can only be administered through IV
45
how do daunorubicin and doxorubicin work
insert between bases and bind directly to DNA sugar phosphate backbone, interfering with DNA topoisomerase II and preventing proper DNA replication
46
in addition to interfering with DNA topoisomerase II, what other effect for doxorubicin have
produced a ROS that breaks DNA molecule
47
how does cisplatin work
binds 2 guanines causing DNA replication and transcription errors
48
what can cisplatin be used to treat
bladder and lung cancer
49
what are doxorubicin and daunorubicin used to treat
leukemia
50
how does azidothymidine work
it's incorporated into the genome of HIV by reverse transcriptase AZT has no 3' hydroxyl group so no phosphodiester bind can form, stopping replication
51
how does alpha amanitin toxin act
binds RNA polymerase II away from the active site, causing a confirmational change, reducing transcriptional activity
52
how does diptheria toxin work
inactivates eEF2, inhibiting translation
53
how does streptomycin work
binds to 30S, interferes with codon-anticodon binding inhibits initiation
54
how does tetracycline work
binds 16S preventing binding of tRNA to A site inhibits initiation
55
how does cholramphenicol work
competitive inhibitor of peptidyl transferase interfers with elongation
56
how does erythromycin work
binds 50S and blocks exit of polypeptide inhibits translation
57
how does cyclohexamide toxin work
binds E site, preventing exit of tRNA inhibits translation
58
how does cholera toxin work
increased cAMP --> increased efflux of Cl- and Na+--> efflux of water--> vomiting and diarrhea
59
what is the main antibiotic good at crossing the placenta
ampicillin
60
what 3 drugs are liver/kidney toxin
polymyxin/colistin isoniazid amphotericin
61
what antibiotic causes flushing with alcohol
metronidazole
62
what antibiotics may cause tendon damage if used in long term
fluorquinolones
63
what does ethambutol do
inhibit synthesis of lipoarabinomannan
64
what bacteria can you use ethambutol on
acid fast
65
what are the side effects of ethambutol
optic neuritis-->colorblindness gout
66
how does Delamanid/Pretomanid work
disrupts ATP synthesis
67
how does Bedaquiline work
targets ATP synthase
68
delamanid/pretomanid/bedaquiline are used for what type of infection
TB
69
what is the main infection you use sulfa+dapsone for
leprosy
70
how does dapsone work
stops macrophage migration

Drugs (4 decks)

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