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1
Q

What was the third estate in France?

A

The 24 million people who made up 98% of the population of France.

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2
Q

What is a representative government?

A

A political system where citizens vote to elect people to represent their interests and concerns.

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3
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

A confrontation in Boston on March 5, 1770, in which a group of nine British soldiers shot five people out of a crowd of three or four hundred.

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4
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

A protest against taxes by American colonists in 1773 in which they threw tea off of British merchant ships.

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5
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

An Enlightenment philosopher who argued that everybody has Natural rights, liberty, etc.

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6
Q

What is the rising merchant class?

A

The group of people who got wealth from the global economy and became the leaders of the Age of Revolutions.

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7
Q

What was the first estate in France?

A

10,000 Catholic clergy, had one vote, part of the Estates General.

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8
Q

What are social changes?

A

As society shifted due to all of the empires changes, social hierarchy and order also shifted, creating winners and losers and a lot of tension.

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9
Q

What was the French & Indian War?

A

The part of the global Seven Years War between the French and the British that was fought for control of North America.

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10
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

A French Enlightenment writer who argued that governments should have a Constitution and should guarantee rights such as Freedom of Speech.

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11
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

A

Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution.

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12
Q

Who were the Petit Blancs?

A

Various middle and lower class white people on Saint Domingue.

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13
Q

What was sugar called in the late 1700s?

A

White gold.

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14
Q

Who were the Grand Blancs?

A

The most economically prominent citizens of Saint Domingue and owners of slaves and plantations.

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15
Q

What was the second estate in France?

A

The 400,000 nobles who made up 1.5% of the population of France.

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16
Q

Who were the Gens de couleur libre?

A

Free people of mixed African and European ancestry in Saint Domingue.

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17
Q

Who was King Louis XVI?

A

King of France at the time of the French Revolution.

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18
Q

What was the Treaty of Paris?

A

The treaty that ended the American revolution and solidified America as its own nation.

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19
Q

What is Common Sense?

A

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging Americans to fight for independence against Britain.

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20
Q

What was the Qing Dynasty?

A

Largest of the Big Fish, based in China; Took control of China in 1644 and had 350 million people.

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21
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire?

A

A Big Fish empire that was founded by invading central Asian Muslims who conquered Constantinople in 1453.

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22
Q

What was the Convention?

A

The revolutionary government of France between the abolition of the monarchy in 1792 and the creation of the Directory in 1795.

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23
Q

What was Haiti called by the French prior to 1804?

A

Saint Domingue.

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24
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

A

An Enlightenment philosopher who argued for the Social Compact.

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25
What was the Estates General?
A legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects.
26
What was the Seven Years War?
A global conflict between the British and the French for colonial power.
27
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
A document of the Enlightenment values of the French Revolution.
28
Who were the National Assembly?
The Third Estate delegates who declared themselves the legitimate representatives of the French people.
29
What was Shays' Rebellion?
An uprising in western Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes imposed on farmers by the new United States government.
30
What is suffrage?
The right to vote in political elections.
31
What was the Directory?
The phase of the French Revolution from 1794-1799 which tried to be less extreme.
32
What are natural rights?
Rights that are granted to all humankind by nature or god that cannot be denied.
33
What was the Mughal Empire?
A Muslim dynasty in South Asia that ruled over a majority Hindu population.
34
What is Versailles?
The French palace at the time of the French Revolution.
35
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution.
36
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
French philosophe who had the idea of the separation of powers within a government.
37
What was the Habsburg Empire?
One of the Big Fish which originated in Austria and took over most of Europe.
38
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread exchange of animals, plants, and germs between the Americas and the rest of the world.
39
What are military trends?
Rapid advancements in military technology and strategy that led to political changes.
40
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg.
41
What is cartography?
The science or practice of drawing maps.
42
What was the Scientific Revolution?
A series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period.
43
What is movable type?
Small block letters used in the printing press.
44
What are navies?
Sail boats with cannons that gave Europeans an advantage in the Military Revolution.
45
What is close order drill?
Boot camp; Part of the Military Revolution created by Dutch to create a unified army.
46
What is urbanization?
The growth of cities as people move from rural to urban areas.
47
What is religious syncretism?
The blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system.
48
What is supply and logistics?
The system to make sure the military had what it needed.
49
What is mercantilism?
A national policy designed to maximize exports and minimize imports.
50
What was the Age of Reason?
A European intellectual movement in the 17th & 18th century characterized by a belief in logic.
51
What are religious trends?
The global swirl of new ideas, challenging the old religious beliefs.
52
What was the Enlightenment?
A philosophical movement of the 1700s that emphasized the use of reason.
53
What are field cannons?
A weapon that fueled the Military Revolution.
54
What is a standing army?
A military force kept fully employed and put to work at all times.
55
What was the Military Revolution?
A series of major advancements in military tactics & weapons in the 16th & 17th centuries.
56
What are political trends?
A handful of 'Big Fish' (Empires) devoured the smaller fish, creating a few big empires.
57
What is the economic trend?
A genuinely global economy formed for the first time.
58
What is bullion?
Gold or Silver as currency.
59
What are intellectual trends?
The swirl of information around the planet that challenged old ideas.
60
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Involved the transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people.
61
Who was Montezuma?
The ninth Aztec emperor of Mexico, defeated by Cortez.
62
What is endemic?
When a disease had been in a population long enough for most adults to develop immunity.
63
What was the first wave of globalization?
The weaving of a worldwide web of trade and colonization between 1500-1800.
64
Who were the Cossacks?
A group of people native to Russia hired by the Russian government to collect furs.
65
What is a pandemic?
A disease that spreads across a wide area.
66
What is a tribute system?
A system in which a defeated group of people were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods or labor.
67
What is Hispaniola?
The Caribbean island where Columbus' search for gold led to the death of millions of Taino people.
68
What are trading posts?
Fortified buildings near oceans & rivers used for trade and restocking ships.
69
What is triangle trade?
Merchant ships traveling to 2 or more ports to trade before returning to home port.
70
What is tight pack?
The Atlantic Slave Trade philosophy of packing the max. number of slaves into a ship.
71
What was the Fall of Constantinople?
An event in 1453 that made the Europeans determined to find an ocean route to China.
72
What was the Age of Exploration?
Period of time between the 16th and 18th century when Europeans sailed around the world.
73
What was Potosi?
... in Bolivia; was the most abundant silver mine in the world.
74
What is the New World Web?
Loose networks of trade in South and North America.
75
What is the Iberian peninsula?
Portugal + Spain.
76
What is the Northwest Passage?
An imagined sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
77
Who were the conquistadors?
People who came to the Americas in search of gold.
78
What is the Old World Web?
Afroeurasia - the area that had 3 quarters of humanity.
79
Who was Hernan Cortez?
The conquistador who conquered the Aztec empire in 1521.
80
What was the Reconquista?
700 years of Spain and Portugal trying to kick the Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula.
81
What are cash crops?
Crops that are grown purely for trade and profit.
82
What is El Dorado?
Imagined city of gold that kept a flood of conquistadors exploring the Americas.
83
What is Terra Australis Incognita?
The imagined 'Unknown Southern Land' that Europeans believed must exist.
84
Who was Captain Cook?
First European to explore New Zealand and Australia.
85
What is a Virgin Disease Population?
A community of people who have not been exposed to animal germs.
86
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
The first person whose crew circumnavigated the globe in 1519-1522.
87
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
The conquistador who conquered the Inca empire.
88
Who was Atahualpa?
The last Inca emperor who was attacked by Francisco Pizarro in 1532.
89
What is loose pack?
Provided fewer slaves per ship in the hopes that a greater percentage of the cargo would arrive.
90
What is the Middle passage?
The sea journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas.
91
What is an indentured servant?
A person who signs a contract to work for someone else for a specified time.
92
What are ultimate factors?
The root reasons, first factors, for something happening.
93
What is a caravel?
Small maneuverable sailing ships built by the Portuguese in the 15/16th centuries.

social studies final (1 decks)

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