IEC Flashcards
1
Q
Adult age
A
Puberty and beyond
2
Q
Main check on AED defib?
A
Green tick
3
Q
Blast dressing?
A
Massive wounds and amputations or blast injuries
4
Q
ATMIST
Used when handing over trauma patient
A
A age
T time
M mechanism of injury
I injuries
S signs and symptoms
T treatment given.
5
Q
2 types of traumatic brain injury.
A
Primary (direct)
Secondary (indirect)
6
Q
Does everyone having heart attack have chest pains?
A
No
Silent MI
7
Q
All chest injuries must be treated with high flow oxygen and early request for ambulance
A
.
8
Q
PRF?
A
Patient record file.
Every patient must have one
9
Q
Pulse rate infant?
A
140+ per min
10
Q
A final respiration’s?
A
Irregular, gasping. Few and far between. Seen in dying patients.
11
Q
Choking procedures?
A
Adult AND children:
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
Infants. (Upto 1 year)
5 black blows
5 chest thrusts (2 fingers)
12
Q
5 types of shock.
A
Hypovolaemic
Septic
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
13
Q
Heat stroke temp?
A
> 40
14
Q
Baby or infant age?
A
Birth to 1 year
15
Q
Normal body temperature?
A
36.8
16
Q
Treatment for hypovoleamic shock?
A
Oxygen
Reassuring
Ambulance
Treat the bleeding also
17
Q
Extrication or transportation of a crush patient should NOT be delayed in order to gain intravenous access or administer fluid
A
.
18
Q
Where is body temperature regulated?
A
Hypothermalus. (Part of brain)
19
Q
Pharynx?
A
Passageway for FOOD and AIR
Epiglottis closes airway when food enters
20
Q
Secondary survey should take?
A
60-90 seconds
21
Q
Most common facial fracture?
A
Broken nose
22
Q
CPR ratios and rates for infants?
A
100-120 compression per min
15-2
4 cm
2 fingers
5 rescue breaths
23
Q
Should smoke inhalation patients go to hospital?
A
Yes, always, even if they feel fine
24
Q
When should assisted ventilations start?
A
At 10 or under beltways per min
Aim is 10-12
25
V vac suction age limit?
All ages
26
Consent must be obtained before health care is given.
.
27
Patient care for conscious breathing patient?
RITA ORA
OXYGEN
REASSURANCE
AMBULANCE
28
2 respiratory movements?
Inspiration. Breathe in
Expiration. Breathe out.
29
BVM?
Breathing valve mask
30
Hypoxia symptoms?
Pale, cold skin
Rapid breathing
Confused
Cyanosis
31
Treatment for chemical burns?
Water (20 mins)
NO CLINGFILM
32
Hypoglycaemia diabetic emergency?
Excess of insulin in blood and low sugar levels.
Could be caused by insulin overdose.
```
Sweating
Palpated ions
Rapid pulse
Shaking
Hunger
Confusion
Drowsiness
Odd behaviour
Speech
Headache vomiting
Can lead to coma
```
33
2 types of diabetes?
TYPE 1
Unable to produce insulin, usually due to autoimmune disease.
TYPE 2
Insulin resistance, cause by obesity and lifestyle
34
5 types of blood vessels?
```
Arteries
Veins
Arteriolas
Venules
Capillaries
```
35
What is a mi?
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
36
Treatment for stroke?
OXYGEN
AMBULANCE
Monitor vitals
No food/drink
Recovery position if unconscious and essential airways of required
37
When would you stop CPR?
Medical aid takes over
Exhausted/endangered
Defibrillator
Significant signs of recovery
38
Where should IEC bag be placed?
Over left shoulder
39
Two types of choking?
Mild choke
Fully obstructive airway
40
Status epilepticus?
Convulsions lasting >30 mins.
Life threatening
41
Capillary refill time in adults?
Less than 2 seconds
42
Cool the burn not the patient.
Area of burn is more important than depth of burn.
.
43
3 depths of burn?
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
44
Levels of hypothermia?
Mild 35-32
Moderate 32-28
Severe <28
45
AED command when shock being delivered?
Stand clear oxygen away
46
First sense to leave, and return when going unconscious?
Hearing
47
Treatment for heat stroke?
ABCD
Remove from hot environment
Remove clothing
Cooling
Vitals
Ambulance
48
Only use burn gel packs if water and clingfilm is unavailable.
.
49
Chemical burns can cause poisoning by absorption through skin.
.
50
Treatment for facial injuries?
```
DR C ABC
Oxygen
Consider spinal injury
Secondly survey
PRF
Monitor vitals
```
51
Where is pulse for babies felt?
Under armpit
52
Heat stroke?
>40.6
53
Haemothorax?
Blood in lungs and/or space between lungs and chest.
Bright blood and throthy blood coughed up.
54
Primary survey must be made on every patient
.
55
Airway adjuncts?
OP and NP airways
Both together = essential airway
56
Information gathering on patient?
S signs and symptoms
A Allergies
M medication
P past medical history
L last food or drink
E events leading to incident
57
3 basic causes of shock.
Pump failure. (Heart)
Low fluid volume. (Blood)
Poor vessel function. (Infection, allergic reaction, drugs)
58
What may preceded a stroke?
TIA
Transient is ischaemic attack
59
Signs of respiratory problems in infants?
Recession. (Dimples in abdomen)
Accessory muscle use
flaring of nostrils
Grunting
60
What is an embolism?
Blood clot passing from one part of body to another
61
MVB mask provides 85% oxygen
High oxygen mask provides 95-98% oxygen
62
Capacity to consent?
Person must be assumed to have capacity unless the contary is established.
Must be given practicable help to male decision
Must not be treated as lacking capacity if they make unwise decision
If they lack capacity, treatment must be in best interest
The least restrictive treatment given.
63
Pregnant women can loose upto 35% of blood volume before showing signs of hypovolaema
.
64
Fontanaele?
Hope in skull in infants head.
65
Main arteries, pulse points?
Carotid (neck)
Brachial (arm)
Radial (wrist)
Femoral (groin)
66
Treatment for heart attack. (MI)
If conscious:
OXYGEN
Reassuring
Ambulance
Rest in semi recumbent position
Keep still
Monitor vital signs, and deliver CPR and defib if necessary
67
5 types of shock?
Hyperglycaemic
Sceptic
Cardiogenic
Neurologic
Anaphylactic
68
Time critical features in burns?
Any CABCD problems
Any signs of airways burns
Hot air or gas inhalation.
Full circumference burns
Significant burns to face, hand, feet, genital, chest
Any full thickness burns
Burns to more than 25%
Mixed patterns burns
Presence of any other injuries
69
Three toxic elements in smoke inhalation?
Carbon monoxide
Cyinide
Ammonia
70
Spo2?
Oxygen saturation level
71
Cab oxygen be administered in explosive environments?
NO
72
Normal spo2 on pulse oximeter?
95%+
73
Flail segment?
Major injury to chest wall.
74
Transient loss of conciouness
Spontaneous loss of conciounness with complete recovery.
Usually cardiac related
75
Benifits of recovery position?
Stable
Vomit can drain
Airway management( tongue falls forward)
Chest is off floor to aid breathing
76
Thorax?
Bones cage in chest covering organs
77
Hypoxia?
Lack of oxygen.
Tissue dies after 3-4 minutes
78
Signs of hypovolaemic shock?
Cold clammy skin
Blue skin
Rapid weak pulse
Altered mental state
Rapid shallow breathing
79
Two shockable rhythms of a cardiac arrest?
VF ventricular fibrillation
VT ventricular tachycardia
80
Where should de fib be placed?
Right side
81
Weight limit for a long board?
159kg
82
Hypoglycaemic symptoms?
```
Sweating
Palpatasions
Rapid pulse
Shaking
Hunger
Confusion
Odd behaviour
```
83
Hypo-vol-aemic shock?
Low volume blood shock
```
Caused by bleeds
Burns
Vomiting
Dioerehea
De hydration
```
84
What is age of child and baby when using AED defib?
8 YEARS OLD
85
3 categories in Glasgow coma scale
GCS
Eyes opening
Verbal response
Motor response
Recorded in observations on PRF
86
Heat exhaustion temp?
>37 <40
87
OP airway?
Mouth tube
88
Patient pain score scale?
0-10
Not 1-10
89
Respiratory rate for adult?
12-20 per min
90
Capillarity refill should be checked on a child’s forehead or sternum.
.
91
CPR ratios and rates for children?
100-120 compression per min
15-2
1/3 chest (5cm)
1/2 hands
5 rescue breaths
92
How to hell infection control.
For patient and rescuer.
Cover exposed wounds with waterproof dressings
Ensure PPE is well maintained
Be alert to hazards
Approach all patients as though they are infected
Use correct PPE
Wash off any body fluids that splash etc
93
Larynx’?
Voice box
94
Any patient in RTC should be treated for spinal injuries until cleared by ambulance service
.
95
When not to use recovery posiation?
When there’s major trauma,
Spinal injuries
Pelvic or thigh fractures
Chest or head injuries
96
What is the most common reason for an airway obstruction?
The tongue
97
Age of child on AED de fib?
Under 8
98
3 types of heat related illness?
Heat stress
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
99
Mechanism of injury. MOI ?
How the injury happened
100
Reasons for IEC?
Preserve life
Prevent worsening
Promote recovery
101
Heat exhaustion?
37-<40
102
3 types of burn?
Electrical
Thermal
Chemical
103
What does pulse oximeter mesure?
Oxygen in blood.
NOT blood or oxygen in tissues
104
Pre eclampsia.
Can cause tonic-clinic seizure.
105
Are firefighters authorised to administer oxygen?
Yes, but must remain present at all times
106
Ischaemia?
Reduced blood flow to body part.
107
Hyperglycaemia diabetic emergency?
Not enough insulin in type 1 diabetics
High sugar levels
108
Pulse site used when checking for pulse in lower limb fracture or dislocation?
Dorsal pedis.
Foot
109
Symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
Headache
Sensitive to bright lights
Rash
Neck stiffness
Fever
Also highly contagious.
110
Meningococcal disease?
Inflammation or infection of meninges. (Brain covering) (meningitis)
111
Oleas modular dressing?
Used for big bleeds and significant wounds.
Also disembowelment
112
Cardiac tamponade?
Penetrating wound injury that effects the heart
113
Open pneumothorax?
Sucking chest wound.
Must be treated immediately.
Dressed with 3 side dressing, oxygen, ambulance
114
Types of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchitis
Emphysema
115
Stroke procedure?
FAST
F face
A arm test
A speech test
T time it happened
116
Body regions most likely to be injured in a lateral impact?
Chest,pelvis and spine
117
Hypothermia temperature?
<35
118
What side should pregnant women be rolled onto in recovery position?
The left side
119
What to do with amputated limb?
Wrap in plastic, then in cloth, then on ice if possible.
NOT directly in water or ice
120
End of life care,
Formally do not resuscitate
.
121
Hyperglycaemic symptoms?
Fruity breath.
Fatigue
Vomiting and adominal pains
122
Symptoms of a myocardial infarction?
Chest pain, crushing/squeezing.
Pain radiation to left arm, jaw, upper back
Vomiting/belching/hiccups
Sweating profusely
123
Lobes in lungs?
Right side 3
Left side 2
124
NP airway?
Nose tube
125
Hyperglycaemia?
Diabetes
126
Transient ischaemic attack?
Brief period where patient may present as fast positive, (stroke)
With complete recovery
May precede a stroke(before)
127
Percentage of oxygen breathed in air, and expired when breathing out?
21% in
16% out
0.04% carbon dioxide breathed in, 4% breathed out
128
Electrical burns have 2 wound sites.
.
129
Strider (wheezing) can indicate?
Upper respiratory blockage.
Can be objects in paediatrics
130
Spine sections. (Top-bottom)
Cervical spine (c spine)
Thoracic
Lumber
Sacrum and coccyx
131
Heart is muscular pump
Hasown blood and electrical supply
132
Artieies and veins?
Arteries away
Veins to
133
Most complex system in body?
Nervous system.
134
2 types of head injury?
Open, brains out
Closed(most common), brains in
135
Action if clothing is alight?
Stop
Drop
Wrap
Roll
136
When should cpr on baby start?
If pulse is under 60bpm
137
Resp rate for infant?
30+ per min
138
Respiratory arrest?
No breathing, but still a pulse.
Children and drownings
139
DR C ABCDE
Primary survey
Danger
Response
Catastrophic bleed
Airways
Breathing
Circulation (if no then cpr)
Disability
Expose
140
A V P U
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
141
Signs of shock?
Rapid weak pulse
Hypotension, high blood pressure
Altered mental state
Cyanosis
Cool clammy skin
Increased breathing rate
142
Blood makes up 7% of body weight
55% plasma 45% cells
Four main elements?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets(clotting)
143
CPR rates and ratios for adults?
100-120 compressions per min
30-2
5-6 cm
2 hands
0 rescue breathes
144
CLINGFILM should not be wrapped around a burn as it may become constructive.
Use layers instead
.
145
Pulse rate child?
100-140 per min
146
Tension pneumothorax?
Time critical.
Causes deviation of trachea.
Pushes internals over to non effected side
147
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot blocking arteries in LUNG
148
Exchange of gasses.
External respiration takes place IN the lungs
Internal desperation takes place IN THE TISSUES
.
149
Child age?
1 year to puberty
150
Treatment for thermal burns?
Water (10 mins)
Cling film
Jewellery off
OXYGEN
Burnshield
Shock treatment
Hospital
151
Age limit for OP airways?
Any age, under 8s no twist
152
How often should check pulse and breathing when with patient?
Every minute
Every 3 minutes when have to leave patient
153
Should helmets be removed in patient care?
Only if airways cannot be maintained
Or
They need resuscitation
154
Age limit for pulse oximetry?
Not for under 12s
155
All respiratory problems should be treated as life threatening.
.
156
Coronary artery disease?
Narrowing of arteries
157
Target organ when doing cpr?
Brain.
158
Pneumothorax?
Air between the lungs and chest wall.
Oxygen
Reassure
Ambulance
159
Pulse rate adult?
60-80 per min
160
Adults and children have cartridge rings in neck to prevent hypertension.
Babies do not, so care should be take. When establishing airways.
161
Oxygen administration rate?
15 litres per min only
162
Afonso breathing is a sign of what?
Cardiac arrest
163
Reasons pulse oximeter may not work?
Cold hands
Shivers
Bright sunlight
Nail varnish
Carbon monoxide poisoning
164
Three levels of hypothermia?
Mild 35-33
Moderate 32-28
Severe <28
165
Resp rate for child?
20-30 per min
166
What effects the density of bone?
Age
Nutrition
Disiese
167
When does the auto fill valve begin to automatically close?
When tank is at least 3/4 full.
3 flashing lights
