IELTS 2 Flashcards

(264 cards)

1
Q

brink

A

edge, verge حاشیه - آستانه

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2
Q

definitive

A

adj. Final, complete ; not able to be changed

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3
Q

concur

A

v. همراه - موافق
n. concurrence
adj. concurrent
I strongly concur with that idea

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4
Q

swamp

A

v. غرق شدن با آب یا کاری

n. باطلاق

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5
Q

reclining

A

لم دادن

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6
Q

flaw

A

نقص

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7
Q

outright

A

adj. adv. Completely clearly immediately
Neither candidate won outright
an outright ban/rejection/victory

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8
Q

faint

A

adj. slight - not strong and clear

The lamp gave out a faint glow

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9
Q

grazing

A

چراگاه

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10
Q

Parasite(perasait)

A

انگل

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11
Q

infest

A

v. هجوم بردن حیوانات موذی

The kitchen was infested with ants

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12
Q

Pollinate

A

گرده افشانی

n. pollen گرده

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13
Q

devastate

A

v. to destroy a place or thing completely

to make someone feel very shocked and upset

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14
Q

sting

A

نیش زدن

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15
Q

counteract

A

خنثی کردن

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16
Q

pull out

A

ترک کردن - خارج شدن

He pulled out of the deal at the last moment

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17
Q

Confidential

A

محرمانه

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18
Q

lime

A

آهک

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19
Q

blemish

A

n. v. لکه - لکه شدن

unblemished

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20
Q

grind

A

سابیدن

pp. ground

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21
Q

tinted

A

adj. with color added:
Tinted glasses
The President arrived at the airport in a car with tinted windows

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22
Q

coincidence

A

n. two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way
What a coincidence

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23
Q

homogenize

A

v. همگن کردن - مثل هم کردن

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24
Q

Mar

A

v. صدمه زدن - خراب کردن

It was a really nice day, marred only by a little argument in the car

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25
inclusions
n. شامل شدن : She is being considered for inclusion in the team تداخل : They tried to prevent the inclusion of any material
26
tremor
n. a slight shaking movement in a person's body, especially because of nervousness or excitement There was a slight tremor in her voice
27
ripple
v. n. a small wave on the surface of a liquid, especially water in a lake The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake "- plain ice cream with thin wavy lines of other flavors in it: raspberry ripple"
28
reveal
v. آشکار کردن - معلوم کردن
29
embark
v. to go onto a ship embark on شروع کردن درس یا مطلب She has already embarked on her studies
30
context
متن - مفهوم
31
glacier
کوه یخ | adj. glacial منجمد - سرد
32
dazzling
adj. خیره کننده a dazzling white light a dazzling performance
33
unaccustomed
adj. not used to - not usual (weather)
34
famine
قحطی disasters such as floods and famine
35
precedent
n. سابقه دار | unprecedented adj. بی سابقه
36
seesaw
v. الاکلنگ - بالا پایین رفتن | Her emotions see-sawed from anger to fear
37
abruptly
adv. ناگهان - با لحن تند | an abrupt manner/reply
38
proxy
n. نماینده - وکیل
39
descend
v. to go or come down The plane began its final descent into the airport. There is a steep descent (= way down, such as a path) to the village below
40
fodder
food that is given to cows, horses and other farm animals
41
commodity
جنس کالا مواد اولیه | rice, flour and other basic commodities
42
cue
n. راهنما - نشانه
43
feeble
adj. weak and without energy | The little lamp gave only a feeble light
44
phenomenon
n. پدیده | Gravity is a natural phenomenon
45
enrollment
registration
46
carpool
استفاده نوبتی از ماشین برای رفت آمد
47
noun for up in writing
increase rise climb growth/grow
48
noun for down in writing
``` decrease fall drop decline dip ```
49
adv. for a a lot in writing
significantly sharply considerably
50
adv. for a little in writing
slightly
51
adv. for not change in writing
steadily
52
account
بیان علت - محاسبه کردن -
53
bring back
re-import
54
drastic
adj. severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects: Output has been drastically reduced
55
will in formal writing
be likely to be estimated to be predicted to be certain to
56
adv. for future
certainly undoubtedly probably
57
future with will
``` make prediction events haven't arrange yet not personal decide what to do at time of speech offer, promises or suggestion ```
58
intention
n. something that you want and plan to do قصد خیال | v, intend: We intend to go to Australia next year
59
future going to
intentions | predictions with evidence
60
acquisition
n. یادگیری - تحصیل | second language acquisition
61
fury
n. extreme anger | He kicked the tree in fury at his own stupidity
62
inflict
v. ضربه زدن - خسارت زدن | They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm
63
trail
v. دنبال کشیدن
64
take a branch
راه جدید رفتن (منحرف شدن موشک)
65
nifty
adj. handy بسهولت قابل استفاده | a nifty little gadget for slicing cucumbers
66
offing
n. آینده نزدیک | in the offing = likely to happen soon
67
avalanche
n. بهمن - تعداد زیادی از هر چیز
68
menace
n. v. تهدید - تهدید کردن | the menace of industrial pollution
69
hail
v. صدا زدن Shall we hail a taxi? n. تگرگ
70
torrent
n. سیل | adj. torrential سیل آسا
71
ambivalent
adj. دو دل | I felt very ambivalent about leaving home
72
prodigy
n. person with exceptional intelligence, exceptional talented child
73
eccentric
adj. عجیب غریب
74
denigrate
v. بدنام کردن
75
mist
غبار - مه
76
vantage point
a place from which you can see a lot of things | - point of view
77
continuum
a series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very different from the first
78
mediocre (midioker)
adj. متوسط | a mediocre musician/talent/performance
79
marvel
v. to show or experience great surprise or admiration
80
manifest
v. to show something clearly, through signs or actions The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains n. manifestation
81
outrage
n. a strong feeling of shock and anger n. an act or event that is violent, cruel or very wrong and that shocks people or makes them very angry v. to make sb very shocked and angry
82
jogging
n. دویدن آهسته | He usually goes jogging for half an hour before breakfast
83
outstrip
v. جلو افتادن
84
emulate
v. تقلید کردن - imitate - mimic | She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements
85
unpalatable
adj. unpleasant بد طعم - تلخ (حقیقت) unpalatable food unpalatable truth
86
integrity
n. درستی راستی کمال | to behave with integrity
87
delude
v. فریب دادن | He's deluding himself if he thinks it's going to be easy
88
inexorable
adj. that cannot be stopped or changed | the inexorable march of new technology
89
equilibrium
تعادل توازن
90
inevitable
adj. that you cannot avoid or prevent - اجتناب ناپذیرناگزیر ناچار It was an inevitable consequence of the decision
91
invert
v. برگرداندن - معکوس کردن
92
frugal
adj. با صرفه جویی - قتاعت | frugal meal غذای ساده و مختصر
93
birds of prey
مرغ شکاری
94
captivity
n. اسارت
95
hibernate
v. to spend the winter sleeping | n. hibernation
96
hedgehog
جوجه تیغی
97
comrade (kaamrad)
رفیق - همراه | They were old army comrades
98
sparing
adj. کم - ناچیز | sparing use of energy
99
spend .... ?
spend on sth/doing sth
100
30% ?
30 percent | If the noun is plural, the verb is plural: 65% of children play computer games
101
role collocation
v. perform, play, take adj. dominant, essential, fundamental, important, key, leading, major pre. in
102
pros and cons
for and against advantages and drawbacks strengths and weaknesses opportunities and obstacles
103
endorse
v. امضا کردن - صحه گذاری
104
deliberately
adv. عمدا
105
wander
go without direction سرگردان بودن
106
obsess
v. عقده شدن - وسواس شدن ~ about - ~ over n. obsession وسواس
107
heel
پاشنه | heels کفش پاشنه بلند
108
verb for lecture
give, present, attend, go to, hear (formal), listen to, miss, skip, prepare, write
109
enunciate
v. to say or pronounce words clearly
110
stand out
v. to be much better than other similar things or people | n. standout: While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear standout is the lemon pie
111
trim
cutting a small amount
112
hairstyle
quiff low fade under cut comb over face
113
demeanor (deminer)
رفتار | they have a friendly demeanor
114
gratify
v. خوشنود شدن - لذت بردن He was gratified to see how well his students had done n. gratification: I like immediate gratification
115
commuting
v. act of travelling back and forth between home and work
116
spacious
adj. large and with a lot of space | a spacious house/living room
117
let off steam
to get rid of your energy, anger or strong emotions by doing sth active or noisy I went for a long walk to let off steam
118
bowing
تعظیم کردن
119
compulsory (kampolseri)
اجباری | compulsory education
120
elaborate
v. explain something adj. پر زحمت She had prepared a very elaborate meal
121
comprehensive
adj. complete and including everything that is necessary کامل و جامع He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome
122
render
v. تحویل دادن - ارائه دادن
123
foster
v. پرورش دادن | foster child فرزند خوانده
124
reckless
adj. بی ملاحضه | reckless use of synthetic chemicals
125
pose
v. to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty | Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone
126
lethal
adj. مهلک - کشنده | a lethal weapon
127
potent
adj. very powerful, forceful or effective | This is a very potent drug
128
glaring
adj. describes something bad that is very obvious آشکار - مشهود One glaring disadvantage of pesticides
129
havoc (havek)
خرابی - ویرانی | The floods caused havoc throughout the area
130
glory
جلال شکوه
131
crop yield
بازده محصول
132
outbreak
a sudden beginning of something, especially of a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant ظهور - شیوع
133
outlay
هزینه | The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay
134
peril
خطر
135
indiscriminate
بی رویه | The indiscriminate use of pesticides is now banned
136
eradication
ریشه کن شدن
137
nuisance
مزاحم | I don't want to be a nuisance so tell me if you want to be alone
138
stray
ولگرد - سرگردان | a stray dog
139
taxonomy
سیستم رده بندی و طبقه بندی حیوانات و گیاهان
140
bait
n. طعمه | v. طعمه گذاشتن
141
Pitfall
- گودال سر پوشیده - دام - تله
142
rot
v. decay پوسیدن - فاسد شدن | adj. rotten
143
aspirator
مکنده
144
forceps
پنس - انبرک
145
sift
الک کردن
146
coarse (cors)
adj. زبر - درشت - بی ادبی a coarse joke to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen
147
compound sentence
for, and , nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)
148
before | after
prior to | following
149
stages in writing
It takes several steps | It goes through several stages
150
Beginning Step
First To begin The first step is
151
Middle Steps
``` Next Then Before After The next step ```
152
Last Step
Finally The last step The final step
153
before and after
Use before with the step that comes later. Use after with the step that comes first Before the raisins are put into packages, they are sorted The raisins are taken to the processing plant after they are dried
154
for cooking
chop - dice - roll out - mash - grate - mince - shred - slice - peel
155
intercity
بین شهری | intercity bus
156
Exhaust fumes
دود اگزوز
157
inquiry (enkueri)
پرس و جو - استعلام | inquiry about sth
158
fleet
ناوگان - کشتی جنگی
159
discipline
n. نظم - تربیت v. تربیت کردن - punishment ادب کردن servant has been disciplined for revealing secret
160
undisputed
adj. بی چون و چرا dispute: مشاجره - مباحثه The unions are in dispute with management over pay
161
starboard | port
سمت چپ کشتی یا هواپیما | سمت راست
162
hull
بدنه کشتی
163
erode
v. فرسوده شدن n. erosion soil/coastal erosion
164
intact
adj. undamaged
165
sink
v. sink sank sunk | adj. sunken غرق شده
166
timber
چوب - تخته
167
obscure
v. to prevent something from being seen or heard | The sun was obscured by clouds
168
salvage
v. to save goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk
169
distinct
adj. مجزا - واضع
170
stabbing
چاقو کشی
171
extraterrestrial
فرا زمینی
172
folklore
افسانه های قدیمی | Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales
173
scrawny
adj. very skinny, often with bones showing He had long scrawny fingers scrawny trees
174
sediment
ته نشین - رسوب | researchers found pollen preserved in lake sediments
175
lush (laash)
adj. (of places, furniture, decoration, etc.) expensive and luxurious: a lush carpet سرسبز : the lush green countryside
176
descendant
نوادگان - نسل
177
fragile
adj. easily damaged, broken or harmed | Be careful with that vase - it's very fragile
178
interpret
v. ترجمه کردن - تفسیر کردن | She works as an interpreter in Brussels
179
chieftain
ریس قبیله - سردسته
180
assert
v. اثبات کردن - ادعا کردن She continued to assert that she was innocent I really must assert myself more in meetings
181
catastrophe
a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction فاجعه The country is on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe
182
extinct
adj. not now existing منقرض | Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years
183
groove
n. شیار - کانال | Cut a groove 3 cm from the top of the piece of wood
184
ingenious
adj. very clever and skillful مبتکر - باهوش
185
haphazard
adj. not having an obvious order or plan | haphazard arrangements of splashed paint on canvas
186
incline
v. تمایل - شیب - انحراف | We have an inclination to follow the crowd
187
perception
n. درک - احساس - نظر - عقیده We have to change the public's perception that money is being wasted adj. perceptive
188
appreciate
v. قدر دانی
189
doodle
v. n. خط خطی کردن | I often doodle when I'm on the phone
190
acclaim
v. تحسین کردن - آفرین گفتن | n. acclaimed تحسین بر انگیز
191
renown
n. the state of being famous | a woman of great renown
192
ambiguous
adj. having or expressing more than one possible meaning مبهم - دو پهلو His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous
193
scrutinise
v. to examine something very carefully in order to discover information بررسی کردن n. scrutiny: The regulations have been subject to intense scrutiny موشکافی
194
decipher
v. to discover the meaning of something written badly or in a difficult or hidden way
195
deception
n. قریب
196
meticulous (metikules))
با دقت very careful and with great attention to every detail: The entire project was meticulously planned
197
intricacy
n. دقت و پیچیدگی | adj. intricate
198
motif
نقش و نگار
199
a lot of lots of much
+ a lot of / much (not use lots of) | - lots of / a lot of (not use much
200
Neither/None
none for more that 2
201
use the
``` there is one: the sun river: the nile island groups: the maldives mountain range: the alpe seas famous building: the white house ```
202
No article
plural or uncountable nouns to talk generally قاره - کشور - شهر - کوه - دریاچه - وعده غذایی ساختمان ها با نام شهر: kerman airport
203
not use the
at home; at/to work; at night; by bus/bicycle/car/train/plane; on foot
204
each / every
each: with single noun and verb every for 3 or more each of n. not every of n. : each of students must present a lecture - every student has a book
205
both
p. noun p. verb | both of noun or pronoun
206
either/neither
s. noun s. or p. verb
207
none of
p. noun or pronoun s. or p. verb (single is formal)
208
grow | grow up
``` grow (plants, other things) grow up (people, cities) ```
209
study | learn
study: learn about sth through books or a course - no preposition after study: i am studding law learn: get new knowledge or skills: ~ about, ~ from, ~ to i learned a lot from this course
210
stutter
لکنت داشتن
211
conjecture
a guess not based on any proof | It's not conjecture. I'm absolutely certain of it
212
contradict
v. state the opposite تناقض داشتن - رد کردن | Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject
213
mansion
n. a very large expensive house کاخ
214
cellar
زیرزمین
215
ailment (eilment)
an illness | Treat minor ailments yourself
216
identical twins | fraternal twins
دو قلوهای تک تخمکی | دو تخمکی
217
vulnerability (vaalnerability)
n. able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt آسیب پذیری adj. vulnerable
218
heredity
وراثت | Diet and exercise can influence a person's weight, but heredity is also a factor
219
dull
adj. کسل کننده - banal (معمولی و پیش پا افتاده) | a banal conversation about the weather
220
absurdity (abserditi)
n. مسخرگی - چرت و پرتی - | adj. absurd = ridiculous - foolish in an amusing way
221
realism
واقع گرایی
222
exertion
n. p. physical or mental effort; the act of making an effort تلاش : He needed to relax after the exertions of a busy day at work n. s. the use of power to make sth happen زور - فشار: the exertion of authority v. exert
223
all the children
all of them | not all of the children
224
use they
when we do not know or do not need to say if the person is male or female I asked a student if they W,ed learning English and they said no!
225
perspicuous
adj. واضح - روشن - شفاف
226
plummet
v. to fall very quickly and suddenly: | House prices have plummeted in recent months
227
plunge
v. سقوط کردن | The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff
228
substantial
adj. قابل توجه
229
adj for big change
dramatic substantial significant
230
adj for small change
slight | modest
231
adj for no change
steady stable unchanged
232
adv for gradual change
gradually, slowly, consistently
233
Immerse
submerge in liquid | become deeply involved
234
Adjective
``` Number General quality Opinion Size Shape Age Color Nationality Material ```
235
bonus
پاداش
236
voluntary, volunteer
v-o-l-u-n-t-a-r-y-, v-o-l-u-n-t-e-e-r
237
definitely
Adv. without any doubt
238
rebellious
adj. unwilling to obey rules or accept normal standards | مخالف - سرکش : rebellious teenager
239
reminisce
v. to think, talk or write about a happy time in your past | We spent a happy evening reminiscing about the past
240
conjecture (kaanjekcher)
n. حدس و گمان | He conjectured that the population might double in ten years
241
dialect (daaylekt)
لهجه | a regional dialect
242
coherent | incoherent
adj. مربوط | نامربوط
243
comprehend
v. to understand something completely: | I fail to comprehend their attitude
244
evolution
n. تکامل
245
adverb order
Manner - Place - Frequency - Time - purpose
246
adequately
a-d-e-q-u-a-t-e-l-y
247
necessary
n-e-c-e-s-s-a-r-y
248
10 year old
When used as an adjective the correct thing to say is year old. A ten-year-old boy is sitting on the couch. When used as a verb construct it must agree with the noun in terms of quantity. The boy is sitting on the couch is 10 years old
249
ancient
a-n-c-i-e-n-t
250
scenery collocation | prospect-landscape-perspective
beautiful, breathtaking, dramatic, fantastic, glorious, impressive, magnificent, spectacular, stunning, superb, wonderful, fascinated coastal, mountain, mountainous
251
overlooking
v. مشرف بودن | a restaurant overlooking the lake
252
precede
v. to be or go before something
253
lecture
l-e-c-t-u-r-e
254
vegetarian
v-e-g-e-t-a-r-i-a-n
255
junction
in the High Street at the junction with Station Road
256
crossing the road
on the High Street. crossing the road in front of the supermarket
257
crow
کلاغ
258
permanent
p-e-r-m-a-n-e-n-t
259
glitch
a small problem or fault that stops sth working successfully
260
occupancy
سکونت | The percentage of coastal hotel occupancy experienced the greatest peaks and troughs
261
Luggage
uncountable and refers to all of your bags Put your luggage/suitcases here each of your suitcases/ pieces of luggage
262
ascending | descending
صعودی | نزولی
263
exemption
معافیت a tax exemption on money donated to charity v. exempt
264
contradict
v. to state the opposite n. contradiction تناقض adj. contradictory متناقض