ielts_20140628141228 Flashcards

Question

Achieve instant wealth (v)

Answer 1

Làm giàu nhanh chóng

Answer 2

to earn money quickly and easily, especially by doing something illegal or dishonestEx: They are more interest in making a quick buck than helping homeowners find the right loan.

Answer 3

To persuade someone to do something or go somewhere by offering them something they would like to have:Lure sb with sth : Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts.Ex: Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money.

Answer 4

To become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do thisEx: Fighting around the capital has intensified in the last few hours.

Answer 5

Ex: The government's programme to grow cash crops for export is a double-edged sword because it has created a local food shortage.Ex: The event had a double-edged impact on our economy

Answer 6

a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first the potential pitfalls of buying a houseGetting a professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls

Answer 7

Trong thế giới đầy cám dỗ vật chất

Answer 8

a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being in unable to sleepEx: She has suffered from severe depression after losing her job

Answer 9

Chặn lại lo lắng

Answer 10

Nuôi dưỡng tâm hồn

Answer 11

Khao khátCrave (for) something / crave to do somethingto have a very strong desire for somethingEx: Lewis still craves for the recognition he feels he lacks in Americacraving (to do something) (n) a desperate craving to be loved

Answer 12

Tự mãnfeeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder:a complacent smile/attitudeWe can't afford to become complacent about any of our products.Complacency = complacenceWhat annoys me about these girls is their complacency - they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons

Answer 13

-to make somebody poorThese changes are likely to impoverish single-parent families even further. -impoverish somethingto make something worse in qualityIntensive cultivation has impoverished the soil.Impoverished (adj) : very poor; without moneyimpoverished peasants

Answer 14

Correlate with somethingA high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (=connected).There's a correlation between smoking and cancer.

Answer 15

Sự chênh lệchA lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair:The growing disparity between rich and poor

Answer 16

Lâm vào tình trạng phá sản

Answer 17

to try to do something :Ex: Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem(n) an attempt to do something :In spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her.Please make every endeavour to arrive on time.

Answer 18

-difficult to find, define, or achieve (Khó nắm bắt)Eric, as elusive as ever, was nowhere to be found.the elusive concept of "literature"A solution to the problem of toxic waste is proving elusive.

Answer 19

-producing a large amount of money; making a large profita lucrative business/contract/marketHad the plan worked it would have proved highly lucrative.

Answer 20

Extremely happinessSwimming on a hot day is sheer blissLying on a sunny beach is my idea of sheer bliss.Blissful (adj)

Answer 21

Leads toto cause something to happen, usually something bad:Poverty breeds crime

Answer 22

nghèo khổ-not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food, or good living conditions:Ex: She had a deprived childhood/comes from a deprived background.a deprived area

Answer 23

=satisfy [+to infinitive] He was gratified to see how well his students had donesexual gratificationSome people expect instant gratification (= to get what they want immediately)

Answer 24

It is an universally acknowledged fact that

Answer 25

Đóng góp đáng kể

Answer 26

=wrongdoing = criminal behavior= anti-social behaviour

Answer 27

wrongdoer=criminal (countable noun)

Answer 28

Extremely happy

Answer 29

Well, to be honest, i want to send affectionate letters to my honey, so I often put my pen to paper twice a week or three times a week. Moreover, I write my lessons by hand almost every day because I think it's the best way for me to keep the lessons in my mind.

Answer 30

Well, there is a wide range of things that I usually put my pen down. I think the first things would be my personal expense. I always take notes of my necessary expenditure so that I can put a curb on my spending habits. Another things I always write by hand would be my lessons because I think it's the best way for me to keep the lessons in my mind

Answer 31

In a contemporary society with technological innovation these days, some traditional skills become obsolete and so does handwriting. However, neat and good handwriting may be deemed a symbol of careful and considerate temperament of a person. Therefore, many multinational enterprises require candidates for their vacancy to have legible handwriting in application form. So I guess my answer would be yes for some people and no for most

Answer 32

Of course, there are numerous benefits of handwriting. Firstly, affectionate letters written by hand are the best way to flirt romantically weaker gender. Secondly, I just put down on paper rapidly whatever and whenever I want and don't need to turn on my computer. Finally, It's the best way for me to keep important things in my mind.

Answer 33

Undoubtedly yes simply because trips play an integral part of making me exhilarated and relaxed after hard-working days as well as keeping indelibly sweet memories with intimate relatives and friends. Especially, taking sight-seeing tours overseas can help me make careful and systematic observations about factual world, which can fulfil my insatiable curiosity about exotic culture and expand my vivid imagination.

Answer 34

Yes, of course, I am a big fan of dancing simply because it is an ideal/effective way for me to show off my individuality and relieve the monotony of daily routines. Moreover, dancing can help me expand my vivid imagination about exotic culture.

Answer 35

I am very enthusiastic about shopping for a variety of reasons; For example, shopping can give a sense of satisfaction by meeting my daily demands. Moreover, when I feel depressed, shopping can help me put down my burden.

Answer 36

Although painting can heighten my sense of beauty and cultivate my interest in life and nature, I am not keen on painting simply because it requires an artistic and esthetic ability which I think I leak/am deficient in

Answer 37

Undoubtedly, I always consider collecting stamps as my favourite hobby simply because it can cultivate my interest in life and nature, giving me fascinating insight into exotic culture and improving my sense of patience. You know, pursuing something as a hobby such as collecting stamps can make my life more meaningful and colorful

Answer 38

Well, there is a variety of clothing, but I am quite keen on Jeans because they are simply designed and wearing jeans can help me feel highly active and comfortable. A reasonable explanation for this would be that I dress for comfort rather than glamour. Therefore, I think Jeans are suitable for me.

Answer 39

To be honest, I think it depend on the situation. If I have money, I will go to vibrant shopping mall to buy elegant and fashionable clothes whereas I will go to the local market that always offers me a good bargain.

Answer 40

Because wearing uniforms gives students a sense of identity and unity, it is mandotory for all students in my school to wear uniforms, which makes poor students feel equal and not be discriminated by affuent ones.

Answer 41

Actually, clothes are partly the reflection of one's personality. I think someone who wears stylish clothes can have a great appreciation for their external appearance. On the other hand, if one always gets dressed with simplicity, they may be unpretentious and doesn't want to impress others.

Answer 42

Well, I would have to say festivals fulfill spiritual needs of people; therefore, they are considered virtually indispensable. In Viet Nam, there is a variety of festivals celebrated every year such as Hung King commemoration and Lunar New year

Answer 43

Generally speaking, there is a wide range of activities people do during festivals. For example, they will organize a family or friends reunion to maintain bonds among them. In addition, they often perform solemn rituals such as worshipping to show deep gratitude to their ancestors or Gods

Answer 44

Of course, I am very eager to Lunar New year which I can have a long holiday. A resonable explanation for this could be that I will do something different to relieve the monotony of daily life such as travelling or spending time with my parents.

Answer 45

Well, I would have to say festivals fulfill spritual needs of people; therefore, they are considered virtually indispenable. For example, they give us opportunities to rest and do whatever we want to. In addition, they can help retain traditional conventions which make our community more civilized.

Answer 46

Well, since I am still a university student, there are two occasions when I can have long holidays, which are the summer vacation and Lunar New year. In addition, there are some national holidays such as independent da, labour day and Hung King's commemoration.

Answer 47

Of course, I will do something different to relieve the monotony of daily routines such as travelling or spending time with my parents. You know, after sight-seeing tours, I will be refreshed and revitalized for my hard-working days. Besides, family reunion can help me feel peaceful because my family is my source of affection, inspiration and encouragement.

Answer 48

Yes, absolutely, having holidays plays an integral role in our lives simply because it gives us an opportunity to rest and do whatever we want to. For example, we can spend time with family to boost the family concord. Moreover, we can travel to different places to refresh and revitalized for work or study. Without holidays, I guess we would be exhausted and cannot enjoy life in the best way.

Answer 49

Well, I prefer taking sight-seeing tours with my intimate friends to share many things with them, such as accommodation, transport and even laughter. If travelling alone, I guess I will feel lonely and I cannot imagine what will happen if a trouble comes up.

Answer 50

Yes, if all people take public transport, there will be less fuel comsumption and less gas emission. Therefore, air quality will be enhanced and the atmospheric contamination (pollute) can be dimished (reduce)

Answer 51

Well, there is a variety of public transport in my country, Though I guess the most widely-used could be buses because they are cheap and reliable. A subsequent category would be abundant taxis, but it is very notorious (khét tiếng) because the drivers are often careless. Another form of public transport worth metioning could be motorbike taxis called Xe Om, which is the fastest way to get around. Therefore, if you are in hurry, Xe om is the best choice for you. Likewise, as might be expected, there are other means of transport such as ferry or train although they are not as commonly-used as the first three I mentioned

Answer 52

Honestly, I would have to say the bus is the best choice for me because it is not only safe but also offers me affordable price. In addition to this, utilizing the bus is one of the most efficient ways to enhance air quality and protect the atmosphere from being contaminated.

Answer 53

Well, I think there are some serious traffic problems with transportation in my city. The first thing worth mentioning is that taxi drivers are often careless, which makes an increasing rate of casualties (thương vong). In addition, buses often deviate from their usual routes because of road closure for upgrading.

Answer 54

Well, frankly speaking, I've never thought about that, but I guess if I have the authority to change something about my hometown, I would certainly pour a huge amount of money into enhancing the public transport system in my country. I would ensure punctual and hygienic buses and offer additional routes to avoid commuters being squeezed into overcrowded buses or trains.

Answer 55

I would have to say car is my favourite transport simply because cars offter a great degree of flexibility in the way I work and travel. For example, I can drive home from work late at night without a rational dread of robbers and muggers. Futhermore, instead if spending my time anxiously waiting for bus, I can travel wherever and whatever I want

Answer 56

I prefer to be a passenger because it is less stressfull. I don't need to pay attention to the traffic situation. If I am a driver, it is very frustrated to lose my way or get stuck in traffic congestion (traffic jam). All in all, being a passenger is my preference because I can spend time enjoying the spectacular natural landscapes.

Answer 57

Of course, we can look for some clues to their personality because colour symbolizes/ stands for/ represents one's natural nature. For example, people who usually wear blue T-shirts are normally dynamic, open-minded and optimistic.

Answer 58

Of course, each colour has a special meaning in Vietnamese culture. For example, black is the selection of goverment executives because it symbolizes self-control and resilience. In addition, white stands for purity and innocence, therefore it is the colour of funerals and memorial occasions for the dead.Red symbolizes good luck; hence, it is worn by brides and used to be envelopes for lucky money on Lunar New Year day

Answer 59

Well, you know, colour is the reflection of one's personality /natural nature. Therefore, I am really passionate about blue because it stands for my maturity and hope (chính chắn và hy vọng)

Answer 60

Frankly speaking, I am not the kind of person who likes to look back on/ reflect on old memories. I always bear/keep in my mind that it is very important to live in the present and not in the past because we cannot change the past. I prefer looking forward to the future and think about how I can do things better in the future.

Answer 61

Of course, things happend in the past can be considered as collective experience that can help us make wiser decisions for the present and the future. Therefore, we can learn from past mistakes to accumulate rewarding experience in life

Answer 62

Honestly, I had a lot of sweet memories about my childhood thanks to my parents because they give me the senes of the fact that my family is the most desireable destination in the world where I am carefully nurtured by my loving parents.

Answer 63

Well, I think what makes a blissful childhood is parental support and affection. Parents should give an excellent example for their children to imitate as well as provide them a good education and healthy living surroudings with neighbors.

Answer 64

Honestly, I always treasure almost childhood memories of mine as the sweetest stage in my life because my parents give me the sense of the fact that my family is the most desirable destination in the world where I am carefully nurtured by my loving parents.

Answer 65

To be honest, I prefer eating in small food stands to enjoying meal in luxurious restaurants simply because cuisine in those restaurants is so pricey. But, in fact, I am invited to wedding ceremonies twice or three times a month.

Answer 66

Well, I am really keen on restaurants which are carefully designed by western style simply because its service are rather formal and professional.

Answer 67

Well, there is a mixed diversity of restaurants in my country. Though I think the most prominent would be restaurants which are carefully designed by western style simply because its service are rather fomal and professional. Alternatively, there are other kinds of restaurants such as Chinese and Japanese restaurants, but they are not as widely-enjoyed as the first I mentioned.

Answer 68

Of course, there are several advantages when we enjoy meal in restaurants. Firstly, we don't need to clean up after the meal.. Another significant feature is that we can have opportunities to enjoy variety of cuizine. Finally, restaurants always ensure a high level of hygiene for their customers.

Answer 69

Well, I have lots of interset, but I'm mainly partial to listening to music simply because it helps me purify my heart with melodious ryhthms, wake me up when I feel drowsy in the morning and relieve tense moments when I am under high pressure at work. I cannot imagine what my life would be like without music.

Answer 70

Well, I would have to say I am very enthusiatic about Rock music simply because it can blow my mind with vibrant sounds. Especially, I often listen to this kind of music in the morning to kick off a new day with being full of energy.

Answer 71

To be honest, I would have to say it depends on the situation. For example, if I have money, I will go to the theatre or coffee shops to enjoy live music and meet accomlished singers that I have great admiration for. Howerver, the ticket cost or the price of one drink in those places is pretty costly in HCM city. In contrast, if I'm broke, it's highly likely that I will stay at home and listen to music on the Internet.

Answer 72

Well, to be honest, I cannot play any musical instruments because it requires playeres to have artistic abilities and patience which I think I'm deficient in.

Answer 73

Of course,, I think parents should give their children a course of how to play a musical instrument. If their children aren't frustrated and can prove that they are musically inclined children, they should be fostered and cultivated to be talented artists in the future so that they can enrich themselves and make our life more beautiful.

Answer 74

Actually, I think I prefer listening to live performances simply because I can meet accomplished singers that I have great admiration for. In addition, I am always attracted by lively atmosphere and vibrant sounds at the concert.

Answer 75

1. (of a person) able to do many different things :Ex: He's a versatile actor who has played a wide variety of parts.2. (of food, a building, etc) having many different uses :Ex: Eggs are easy to cook and are an extremely versatile food.

Answer 76

phía trước làVerbs : beAdverbs : easily, highly, very, completely, fully

Answer 77

1. important or well known : a prominant politicianEx: He played a prominent part in the campaign.She was prominent in (well known) the fashion industry2. easily seenEx: The church tower was a prominent feature in the landscape.Collacation :Verbs: be, become, remainAdverb: especially, extremely, particularly, unsually, very, increasingly, fairly, quitePrep: as prominent as a player and coach, in prominent in the trade unions

Answer 78

-that cannot be proved wrong and that must therefore be accepted.irrefutable evidence

Answer 79

of a good standard or qualitydecency (n) honest and polite behaviour

Answer 80

too important = essentialcars have become an indispensable part of our lives.A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foregin language.

Answer 81

to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subjectIt is almost impossible to keep abreast of all the lastest developments in computing.

Answer 82

very common = widespreada prevalent view

Answer 83

an aspect, a way of looking at or thinking about stha social dimension of unemployment

Answer 84

to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it:Your essay does not address the real issues.We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.

Answer 85

vulnerable (to sb/sth) weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally Ex: In case of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.The sudden resignation of the financial director put the company in a very vulnerable position.

Answer 86

pain and suffering or sth that causes ittai nạn hoặc đau đớn

Answer 87

because of sb/sthEx: She retired early on account of ill health

Answer 88

too closely linked to be separated:an inextricable connection between the past and the present

Answer 89

to make sth happen suddenlyNuts can trigger off a violen alleric reaction

Answer 90

causing or able to cause deatha lethal dose of poisona lethal weaponthe closure of the factory dealt a lethal blow to the town.

Answer 91

1.(approving) able to chane to suit new conditions or situations Ex: a more flexible approachflexible working hoursOur plans need to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone.You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.2. able to bend easily without breaking : flexible plastic tubingComputers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.Exercises to develop the flexibility of dancer's bodies.

Answer 92

to be sth that both advantages and disadvantages/ metrit and dimetrit

Answer 93

connect with the heart and the blood vessels = (the tubes that carry blood around the body)

Answer 94

In the eye-catching prosperity of the economy and the advent (invention) of the Internet/ media/ computers nowadays/todayIn a fascinating world full of constantly changing events nowadays/today ( News )In this world with greater material temptation/ afflluence/ prosperity nowadays ( Jobs, Money )In the era of knowledge-based economy nowadays

Answer 95

entrance, access, entryEx: Her wealth and reputation gave her an entrée into upper-class circles ( elite group )

Answer 96

connected with language or the scientific study of language linguistic and cultural barriersa child's innate (bẩm sinh) linguistic abilitynew development in linguistic theory

Answer 97

mental, cognitive ( nhận thức )Intellectual curiosityIntellectual capacityIntellectual developmentCognitive capacity/ability

Answer 98

because of, thanks to, owing to, on the grounds of, due to

Answer 99

Various/numerousa large amount ofa great deal ofa wealth ofa plenty ofa significant proportion ofEx : Studying a foreign language at the early age will bring/give/offer various opportunities of linguistic development of children.

Answer 100

Một khoảng thời gian ngắn để bạn có thể làm tốt được điều gì đó.Children are at the special "window of opportunity"

Answer 101

obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts.He had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted.

Answer 102

develop, enhance

Answer 103

picking up a language

Answer 104

build up (tích lũy)Accumulate millions of new words

Answer 105

Native-like accentThe best age for children to absorb a second language is their first years when cognitive capacity is growing, which will help/assist/enable them to accumulate millions of new words with native-like accent.

Answer 106

delicate, soft, tender (nhạy cảm)

Answer 107

replicate, copy, imitatea duplicated form

Answer 108

demanding, difficult, challenginga tricky situationgetting it to fit exactly is a tricky bussinessthe equipment can be tricky to install

Answer 109

teenager, juvenilejuvenile delinquercy (tội phạm thiếu niên)

Answer 110

fall, walk with difficulty I stumbled over a rockChildren have sensitive ears which enable them to duplicate tricky sounds that adults and adolescent stumble over.

Answer 111

disappear My vallet vanished from the desk

Answer 112

distracted (adj) distraction (n)This ability will vanish when they get older, especially when they are bewilderd by many new things

Answer 113

AchievementIt was one of the President's greatest accomplishments

Answer 114

motivate, encourage, stimulate (khuyến khích)My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour

Answer 115

learn without trying

Answer 116

secondary school

Answer 117

a good basic knowledge of mathematicsAll students should be numerate and literate when they leave shool

Answer 118

the ability to read and writethe computer literacy is as essential as the ability to drive a carPrimary/elementary students are allowed to concentrate on such basic skills as numeracy and literacy which occupy/ take up very little of their time and efforts in their curriculum.

Answer 119

to teach people sth in a way that gives them too much help and does not make them think for themselvesThe students here do not expect to be spoon-fed

Answer 120

loads of, large amount

Answer 121

awake, evoke, stir upto arouse somebody's interest/curiosity/angerHer strange behaviour aroused our suspicionsMeanwhile, secondary ones are spoon-fed reams of demanding subjects like .... which distract and overload them as well as arouse negative feelings toward learning

Answer 122

be able to speak two languagesa billingual secretaryBillingual educationBillingual people will perform better than monolingual ones.

Answer 123

excellent, unusually good, outstandingA child of exceptional ability

Answer 124

improve, enhanceHer exposure to museums enriched her life in France

Answer 125

attractattractiveWhat appeals to me is the vibrant life thereVillage life is more appealing to me

Answer 126

stressful, tense

Answer 127

study programSchools and parents should motivate children to study foreign language by applying more appealing games to their lessons to reduce pressure from strenuous curriculum

Answer 128

Advertising is a key part of modern businessCompanies need to tell customers about their productsAdvertisement is a creative industry that employs many peopleWithout advertising we would have less choiceWithout advertising there would be higher unemploymentAdvertising is a form of modern artPeople enjoy adverts

Answer 129

Advertising manipulates peopleIt aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happierAdvertisers focus on selling a brand imageThey use glamorous, successful peopleWe now live in a consumer cultureWe are persuaded to follow the latest trendWe are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher statusAdvertisers often aim their marketing at childrenChildren can easily be influenced by advertisementsChildren put pressure on parents to buy them things

Answer 130

Advertising should be regulatedAdvertising aimed at children should be controlled or even bannedUnhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts childrenProducts that can be risk to healthy should display warningsIn some countries, it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on televisionWarnings must be displayed on cigarette packetsHowever, advertising is necessary in free market economiesIt creates demand for productsgovernments should only censor false information or products that are harmful

Answer 131

Animals are used in important scientific researchIt is necessary to do medical tests on new drugsAnimal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledgeMany important medical discoveries involved experimentation on animalsResearchers aim to minimize the suffering that animals experienceTesting for the cosmetics industry is now banned in many countries

Answer 132

The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering causedThere are alternative methods of researchThe lives of animals should be respectedHumans have no moral right to do experiments on animals

Answer 133

Vegetarians do not eat foods that are produced by killing animals Many people choose a vegetarian diet for moral or health reasonsA healthy diet is possible without eating meatIt is unnecessary to kill animals for foodA vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of disease like cancerMany people question the treatment of animals in factory farms

Answer 134

Vegetarians do not eat a balanced dietIn many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditional mealsMeat-eaters argue that animals are blow human in the food chainIt is completely natural for us to kill them for foodOur aim should be improve farming methodsFarms should produce organic food

Answer 135

Zoos play an important role in wildlife conservationThey can help to protect endangered speciesZoos allow scientists to study animals and their behaviorZoos are educational, interesting and funChildren, in particular, enjoy learning about animalsZoos provide job opportunities

Answer 136

Zoo animals are kept in artificial environmentsThey are kept in cages or have limited spaceZoo animals rely on humansThey lose the freedom to hunt for foodThe best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural habitatsSome people believe that zoos are unethicalZoos exhibits animals with the aim of making moneyWe have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit

Answer 137

People move to cites in search of job opportunitiesCities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of livingPeople migrate to cities from the countrysideTraditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays

Answer 138

Life in cities has its drawbacksThe cost of living is higher than in rural areasSome people do not manage to find workHousing is usually much more expensiveHomelessness and poverty are common on citiesThere is a gap between rich and poorLife in cities can be extremely stressfulThere are problems like traffic congestion and crimeCities lack a sense of communityPeople do not even know their neighborCities are sometimes described as "concrete jungles"

Answer 139

Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environmentBanning cars encourages people to walk or cycleMany European cities have built bicycle lanesDependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesityPeople who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthierPedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists

Answer 140

The job of the polices is to catch criminals They must also prevent crime and make communities saferThere should be an increase in the number of police officers on the streetsPolice officers should be seen as part of the communityThey should be involved with education and preventionThe police should be in close contact with schoolsThey should focus on young people who have dropped out of schoolThese teenagers may become involved with gangs

Answer 141

Fines are used as punishment for minor crimesIf the crime is more serious, prison is the most common punishmentSome criminals pose a threat to societyThey are put in prison to ensure the safety of other citizens

Answer 142

Criminals are put togetherThey make friends with other offendersMany prisoners re-offend when they are releasedA criminal record makes finding a job more difficult

Answer 143

Another aim of prisons is rehabilitationPrisoners receive education of vocational trainingPrisoners should learn personal skills and specific job skillsPunishment could make prisoners' behaviour worseRehabilitation aims to make them better citizensRehabilitated prisoners are less likely to re-offend

Answer 144

Supporters say that capital punishment deters crimeFear of the death penalty stops people from committing offencesThe death penalty shows that crime is not toleratedIt is form of revengeThe cost of imprisonment is avoidedThe offender cannot pose a threat to others

Answer 145

Innocent people could be wrongly convicted and executedCrime rates are not necessarily reducedMany criminals do not think they will be caughtCapital punishment is not a good deterrentExecuting prisoners creates a violent culture and encourages revengeWe have no right to take another human life

Answer 146

Community service is a way to reform offenders/wrongdoer/law-breakerIt could be a solution to prison overcrowdingIt avoids the cost of imprisonmentIt make offenders useful in their local communitiesThey are required to clean streets or talk to school groupsOffenders repay their communityThey avoid the negative influence that prison can have

Answer 147

Community service is not sufficient punishmentCriminals should be locked up, away from their victims

Answer 148

Crime is one of the main subjects of most new programsThe mass media focus on violent and sensational crimesThis lead to fear to crime among the publicSensational stories attract more viewers or readersThe media report crime stories in order to increase their audience

Answer 149

Education gives people knowledge and skillsPeople with qualification are more likely to find workThey can earn a higher salaryThey can contribute positively to societySchools aim to teach young people moral values such as tolerance and sharingSchools prepare children to be members of a society

Answer 150

Foreign institutions may offer better coursesMany students want to attend a prestigious universityThe best universities employ teachers who are experts in their fieldsQualifications gained abroad can open the door to better job opportunitiesLiving abroad can broaden students' horizonsOverseas students are exposed to different cultures and customsThey become more independentThey are responsible for cooking, cleaning and paying billsThey will learn a foreign language

Answer 151

Living and studying abroad can be difficultStudents have problems with paperwork such as visa applicationsThe language barrier can be a problemStudents have to find accommodation and pay billsStudying in a foreign language is challengingLiving alone in an unfamiliar culture can cause homesickness

Answer 152

Technology is a powerful tool to engage studentsTechnology can make lessons much more interestingStudents can do research using online resourcesStudents can study at their own placesAdults can take distance learning coursesStudents can study whenever and wherever they wantStudents also learn skills which are useful for their future jobsFor example, they learn to write reports using a word processor

Answer 153

People rely too much on computersYoung learners do not become proficient in some basic skillsThey use word processors and spelling may sufferPeople should be able to write a letter by handTechnology is no substitute for a real teacherLearners need a structured courseAn experienced teacher knows what material to chooseComputers are expensive to maintain and can be unreliable

Answer 154

Institutions should supplement traditional teaching with the use of technologyTechnology is part of everyday lifeIt can enhance a teacher's lessonStudents can use online resources to help with homeworkStudents must still learn to write by handThey should still use traditional sources of information such as books

Answer 155

Children often have to work from an early ageThey are no schools in many areasFamilies do not have access to books or computersLiteracy rates are often lowPeople in developing countries need knowledge and skillsEducation is the key to improving the economy of these countries

Answer 156

Developed countries could help developing nations by providing moneyThey could invest in schools and technologyThey can supply the funds to build schools and pay for teachersChildren need to have access to free schoolingComputer equipment could be donatedThe internet can expose students to a world of knowledge and informationGovernments should make education compulsory for all childrenThey should encourage parents to send their children to schoolGovernments of developed and developing countries must work together

Answer 157

There are many benefits to going to universityA degree can open the door to better employment prospectsEconomies are becoming increasingly knowledge-based Most jobs require specific knowledge and skillsSkilled workers are needed for sectors such as information technology and engineeringRepetitive manual jobs are now done by machineMany factories have moved to developing countries

Answer 158

A healthy economy needs a wide range of workersSome manual workers will always be neededA university degree is not necessary for many service professionsPractical training is more important in some industriesIn the UK, for example, there is currently shortage of plumbersTheir service are therefore becoming more and more expensive

Answer 159

Some parents decide to educate their children at homeSome families live in isolated areas with poor transportOther parents are not satisfied with local schoolsParents can respond to what their children need and how they learn bestOne-to-one lessons allow much faster progressThe child can work at his or her own paceDiscipline problems are avoided by home-schooling

Answer 160

Most parents do not have the time to educate their children at homeOne parents would need to give up workSchool subject are normally taught by up to ten different teachersMost parents do not have the necessary knowledge or resourcesPrivate tutor are expensiveChildren will miss out on the social experience that school offersAt school, children learn how to get on with each otherHome-schooled children may lack social skillsSchools offer a better overall educational experience

Answer 161

Bad behavior is due to lack of structure and disciplineThere are too many children in some classesLarge classes are difficult to manageMay disruptive students come from an unstable family backgroundOther parents are used to getting whatever they wantSchools can do very little if they are not supported by parents

Answer 162

Schools need a clear code of conductSchools need a clear set of rules about behaviorThey need to create a positive working atmosphereTeachers must have the power to punish disruptive studentsSchools should remove difficult children from lessonsSchools need to work closely with parentsDiscipline could be lacking at homeParents must support the school rulesThey should take responsibility for their children's behavior

Answer 163

corporal punishment is not a good ideaPhysical punishment is a way of controlling children using fearThis does not promote trust between adults and childrenChildren who are punished physically may become shy or resentfulCorporal punishment creates an atmosphere of fear and anger

Answer 164

Some people believe that male and female students should go to separate schoolsThis is often for religious or cultural reasonsDiscipline problems might be avoided by separating boys and girlsBoys and girls may learn in different ways and have different needsStudents at single sex schools often get better exam grades

Answer 165

Separating boys and girls is unnecessaryIt is unhealthy in terms of children's social developmentMany coeducational schools are extremely successfulA mixed-sex environment is more representative of real lifeCoeducational schools provide children with better social skills for adult life

Answer 166

Some schools separate students according to their academic abilityTeachers can work at the right speed for their studentsTeachers can plan more suitable lessonsHigh-level groups may progress fasterLower level groups can benefits from a slower paceSome teachers and parents support streaming for these reasons

Answer 167

Grouping by ability may have a negative impact on studentsChildren do not want to be seen as less intelligent than othersStreaming could damage students's self-esteemThey may lose motivationStudents from wealthier families tend to better preparedChildren from poorer families may receive less support from parentsMixed ability classed encourage everyone to achieve their potential

Answer 168

Gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat from the sunThis causes global temperatures to riseThis process is known as the greenhouse effectHuman activity is a major factor in the rise of the greenhouse gasesFactories and vehicles produce emissions and exhaust fumesMany developing countries are becoming industrializedThe number of cars on our streets is growingCheap air travel is allowing more people to fly

Answer 169

Global warming will have a significant impact on our planetRising temperature will cause melting of the polar ice capsSea levels will riseWe can expect more extreme weather conditionsFlooding and droughts may become more common

Answer 170

The increasing world population is putting pressure on natural resourcesFossil fuels like oil and gas are running outWe are destroying wildlife habitatsWe have cut down enormous areas of rainforestThis has led to the extinction of many species of animals and plants

Answer 171

Governments could introduce laws to limit emissions from factoriesThey should invest in renewable energy from solar, wind or water powerThey could impose "green taxes" on drivers and airlines companiesGovernment campaigns should promote recyclingNatural areas and wild animals should be protectedIndividuals should also try to be greenerWe should take fewer flights abroad for holidaysWe should take public transport rather than drivingWe should choose products with less packagingWe should recycle as much as possible

Answer 172

The amount of waste we produce has increasedThis problem is a result of our consumer cultureProducts are not made to fastIf something breaks, we throw it way and buy a new oneAdvertisers encourage is to buy the newest fashionsPackaging is an important part of sellingMost foods are sold in non-biodegradable plastics packagingThe amount of household waste is growingThis waste ends up in landfill sites

Answer 173

People do not think about the consequences of dropping rubbishThey assume that somebody is paid to clean the streetsPlastic packaging does not break down easilyMost of the litter seen on streets is fast food packaging

Answer 174

Companies should make goods that last longerThey should not use so much packagingGovernments should be stricter, about waste produced by companiesThey should put legal limits on packagingConsumers should avoid buying over-packaged productsWe should recycle and reuse useful materialsThere are collection banks for glass, paper and plastic bottlesHouseholds can use several rubbish bins to separate wasteRecycling saves energy and raw materials

Answer 175

There are several benefits to build more nuclear power stationsFossil fuel like oil and gas are running outNuclear power is a sustainable energy sourceIt can be used to produce electricity without wasting natural resourcesIt could be replace the use of natural resources like coal, oil or gasNuclear power stations are cleaner than fossil fuel power stationsThey could help to reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming The risks of accidents are being reduced

Answer 176

Opponents of nuclear power worry about the safety of power stationsThe building of new nuclear power stations is unpopularNobody wants to live near oneNuclear waste disposal is a significant problemThere is currently no way to decontaminate radioactive materialPeople worry that terrorists could steal radioactive materialsIt is safer to produce energy from solar, wind or water power

Answer 177

Families in many countries are not as large as they used to beWe tend to live in small nuclear families rather than extended familiesParents tend to have fewer childrenYoung children are no longer expected to workNowadays both parents often workIt costs so much to much bring children upIt is more difficult to raise a large family

Answer 178

Children and their parents seem to be less close nowadaysParents spend less time with their childrenWomen traditionally stayed at home to cook, clean and look after childrenNowadays both parents often work full timeChildren may be left alone, or with nannies or babysittersBusy parents have less contact with their childrenMany families no longer eat meals togetherChildren spend more time with friends or surfing the Internet

Answer 179

The lack of closeness in families can have a negative effect on childrenMany parents have no idea how their children spend their timeFriends, television and the Internet become the main influence on children's behaviorTeenagers are influenced by peer pressureSome of them joint gangsJuvenile delinquency is on the increaseParents should be more involved with their children's upbringing Young people need positive role models

Answer 180

In the past, divorce was unacceptable It was considered to be embarrassing for a familyPeople stayed together for religious or family reasonsDivorce is more socially acceptable nowadaysIt has become much more commonDivorce can be extremely stressfulLone parents may face financial difficultiesMany single parents have to rely on benefits paid by the stateDivorce can have a negative effect on childrenChildren from single-parent families are more likely to get lower grades or drop out of schoolThe rise in divorce rates may be connected to some social problems

Answer 181

Caring for elderly people was traditionally the responsibility of familiesAdults had to look after their elderly parentsA woman's job was to stay at home taking care of her familyNowadays, fewer elderly people are looked after by their relativesResidential homes provide care for large number of elderly people Some families are unable to look after elderly relativesFamilies tend to be smaller these days, and women often have full-time jobsCares homes provide a professional service for senior citizens Nurses are better trained than family members

Answer 182

The best form of care for the elderly depends on the family situationIt depends on whether family members have the time resourcesWe all have a responsibility towards the older people in our societyGovernments should invest money in facilities and training for care workers

Answer 183

Men and women should have access to the same educational opportunitiesMales and females should be accepted onto courses according to their abilitiesIt is wrong to discriminate against students because of their genderGender should be irrelevant in educationStudents's achievements should depend on hard work and individual meritIn the UK, there are similar numbers of male and female students in higher education

Answer 184

Men and women should have access to the same professional opportunitiesBoth man and women should be able to pursue a careerThey should earn equal salariesThey should be employed according to their abilities, qualifications and experienceTraditionally women have been restricted to certain rolesThey were often employed as secretaries or receptionistsNowadays, a range of occupation is available to both sexesCareer success depends on individual merit

Answer 185

Some people argue that a mother should now workShe should stay at home and bring up her childrenThe father should be the bread winner of the familyOthers believe that both parents should share these responsibilities Working women can take maternity leave during and after pregnancyMany fathers and mothers share their parenting and domestic responsibilities They contribute equally to childcare, cooking and cleaningSome women many have better career prospects than their husbandsPaternity leave and "house husbands" are becoming more commonTraditional gender roles and gradually changingFamilies can divide roles and responsibilities in the most convenient way.

Answer 186

Genetic engineering is the practice of manipulating the genes of an organismIt is used to produce crops that are more resistant to insects and diseasesSome genetically modified crops grow more quicklySome drugs and vaccines are produced by genetic engineeringIt may become possible to change human's genetic characteristicsScientists may use genetic engineering to cure diseasesInherited illnesses would no longer existGenes could be changed before a baby is bornIt could also be possible to clone human organsWe could all have replacement body partHumans could live longer, healthier lives

Answer 187

There are ethical concerns about human genetic engineeringParents might want to choose their children's characteristicsThis would be unnaturalIt would be unacceptable in most religionsSoliders could be cloned from the genes of the strongest peopleClones might be used like robots to do certain jobsClones might even be developed just for organ replacementsSociety and human evolution would change completelyCurrently, human genetic engineering is prohibited

Answer 188

Farmers can produce crops that grow bigger and fasterSome GM crops are more resistant to disease or insectsThis could be important for food production in developing countriesFaster growing cereals, fruit, and vegetables will mean more profitGM foods can be modified to look perfectThey may be more attractive to customers

Answer 189

There may be risks involved in the genetic engineering of foodsGM Crops might change whole ecosystemsFood chains could be broken if crops are resistant to predatorsOrganic foods are produced without chemicals or genetic modificationOrganic farming may be slower and more expensiveHowever, the environment is not damaged by fertilizers or pesticides

Answer 190

Developing countries face a range if problemsStandards of healthcare and education are lowLife expectancy is usually lower than in developed countriesThere is a lack of infrastructure, employment and good quality housingMany people are forced to live in povertyFood, drinking water and basic medicines are in short supply

Answer 191

The best form of help for developing countries is development aidRicher nations can help by investing in long term projectsGovernments and charities can help by building new houses and schoolsGlobalization may also help developing countriesOn the other hand, many people emigrate to find work in richer countriesThey often send money back home to their familiesThis money helps to improve the standard of living in developing countries

Answer 192

Some people move to another countries in search of a better lifeMany immigrants come from less developed countriesRicher, industrialized countries may offer opportunities for employmentFree healthcare and schooling are available in some developed countriesOther people migrate to a foreign country to improve their academic qualifications

Answer 193

From an economic perspective, immigration can be extremely positiveMany immigrants have skills that are needed in the country they move toImmigrants who find work contribute to the economy of their new countryMany immigrants send money home to help family membersImmigration also creates cultural diversityPeople of many different nationalities learn to live togetherThis can help people to become more open-minded and tolerant

Answer 194

Some people believe that immigrants take jobs that should go to local peopleSome immigrants workers work longer hours for less moneyCompanies might pay lower salaries to immigrant workersUnemployment rates could rise if there are too many immigrants

Answer 195

Immigration can help the economy of a countryIt can creates multi-cultural societiesHowever, immigration needs to be controlledIn many countries, immigrants needs visas or work permitGovernments should stop companies from exploiting immigrant workersForeign and local workers should have the right to equal pay and conditions

Answer 196

Business of becoming increasingly internationalMulti-national companies do business across the worldCompanies like MacDonal's can be seen on high streets in most citiesGoods are produced in one country and sold in many othersA global economy means free trade between countriesThis can strengthen political relationshipsGlobalization can also create opportunities for employmentIt encourages investment in less developed countriesIt could reduce poverty in the developing world

Answer 197

Globalization is not always beneficial to everyoneCompanies can move to countries where labour is cheapThis creates redundancies, or job lossesEmployees cannot be confident that they have stable jobsCompanies sometimes exploit their employees in developing countriesGlobal trade creates more waste and pollution

Answer 198

There should be global regulations for salaries and working conditionsGovernments should impose laws to protect the environment

Answer 199

Governments provide public services like healthcare and educationThey support people who are living in poverty or unable to workGovernments raise money by taxing working peopleThey can spend money on resources and campaigns They can introduce new lawsThey can impose taxesThey can raise people's awareness of issues (e.g climate change/healthy eating)They can influence people's habits and opinionsThey can create jobsThey can regulate the activities of companies such as banksThey can provide resources for schoolsThey are also responsible for the security and well-being of their citizensThey control armed forces and police forces

Answer 200

Governments pay the salaries of public sector workers like police officers and teachersThe necessary money is raised by taxing people's incomeFree education and healthcare may be provided by the stateSome governments control public transport systems and even TV channelsIn other countries, these services are provided by private companiesSome people believe that competition between private companies is goodIt helps to improve quality while bringing prices downOther people think that essential services should be freeGovernments should pay for them

Answer 201

Governments can censor what public sees or reads in the mediaTo a certain extent censorship is necessaryWe should use censorship to protect children from violent imagesSome computer games involved killing people or committing crimesThe Internet also needs to be controlledMany websites show pornography and violenceThere should be age limits for websites and computer gamesParents need to take responsibility for checking what their children watchIt is impossible for governments to control everything we see

Answer 202

The use of CCTV is becoming widespreadVideo cameras have been installed in many public areasThey are supposed to protect us and deter criminalsMany people think that this surveillance violates our privacyThe authorities could build databases with our pictures and identitiesWe should not be treated like criminals

Answer 203

Governments will probably introduce a digital identification card systemSmart cards will have benefits and drawbacksThey could help reduce crimeThey could hold personal information, such as DNADigital bank cards could certain fingerprint informationIt would be very difficult for criminals to use a stolen cardIt would be easier for police to identify people and catch criminals

Answer 204

Many people are worried about losing their privacyGovernments could store all our personal and medical informationThis information could be used by insurance companiesEmployers could check our health records

Answer 205

People with disabilities should be treated the same as everybody elseThey should have the same rights as other peopleThey should have access to the same jobs as other citizensbDiscrimination against disabled people is illegal in many countriesRamps and lifts for wheelchairs should be installed in public buildingsSupport teacher can be employed to help children with learning dificulties

Answer 206

In some countries, people are allowed to own firearmsIndividuals have the right to protect themselvesPeople can use guns in self defenseThis deters criminals

Answer 207

There is a risk of accidents with gunsThe number of violent crimes increases when guns are availableCriminals may be armedThe police then need to use gunsSuicide rates have been shown to rise when guns are availableGuns create violent societies with high murder rates

Answer 208

Many criminals use weaponsThe threat of a gun can deter criminalsPolice officers can forces a criminal to surrenderIt is easier to arrest someone and avoid physical violenceThe police may shoot violent criminals in self defenseThey can protect the publicThey can shoot an escaping criminal who poses a serious danger to the public

Answer 209

There is a risk of accidents and mistakesThe police might shoot an unarmed criminal or an innocent personAccidents can happen in public placesThere are several alternatives to guns (e.g tear gas, sprays and electric shock weapons)Only special police units should use guns

Answer 210

The export of arms, or weapons, is an extremely controversial issueGovernments of rich, industrialized countries sell arms to each otherThis industry creates jobs and wealthThe trade of weapons may improve relationships between governments

Answer 211

Weapons may be used in conflicts and warsThe supply of arms could be responsible for deathsGovernments are promoting war in order to make a profitRich countries can influence the politics of other nations

Answer 212

Nuclear weapons are capable of destroying whole citiesA nuclear war between two countries would destroy both countriesNuclear weapons are used as a deterrentThey prevent wars from starting

Answer 213

Nuclear weapons should be prohibitedGovernments should limit the production of nuclear weaponsThere is a danger of nuclear weapons being obtained by terroristsNuclear weapons cannot be used against terrorist organization

Answer 214

Armed forces provide security and protectionThey deter military attack by another countryThey can also be sued to maintain peace within countriesThey can be sued to give the police extra supportSoldiers are also used to help in emergency situations, such as after a natural disaster

Answer 215

Armies require a lot of funding from governmentsToo much money is spent on weapons and military technologyThis money could be spent on schools, hospitals and other public services

Answer 216

The human body requires a balance dietAn unhealthy diet can cause various health problemsObesity, diabetes and heart disease are on the increaseMany people nowadays rely on fast food or pre-prepared mealsThese foods often contain too much fat, salt and sugarThey are cheap to buy and very easy to prepareMany young people have grown up on a diet of convenience foodsPopulations in developed countries are increasingly overweight

Answer 217

Regular exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy bodyExercise burns calories and helps to build healthy bones and musclesDoctors advise exercising at least three times a week for 20 minutesMost people nowadays lead a sedentary lifestyleWe tend to walk less and do desk jobsMost adults relax by watching televisionChildren play video games rather than doing outdoor sportsIn the past, people were more active in their jobs and at home

Answer 218

Governments have a significant role to play in reducing obesityMore and more people, including young children are seriously overweightThey are at risk of heart disease and diabetesThis situation will increase the burden on hospitals and taxpayersHospitals rely on the government for money and resourcesGovernments should promote a healthy diet and regular exerciseThere should be more time for sports on school timetablesUnhealthy junk food should be banned from school menusPeople need information about what foods containFood packaging must show the food's nutritional contentThe British Government recommends eating five portions of fruit and vegetables per day

Answer 219

Good healthcare should be available to everyone for freeState healthcare is paid by the government using money from taxesEveryone has access to the same quality of care and treatmentPrivate healthcare is unfair because only wealthy people can afford itThe National Health Service in the UK provides free healthcare for every resident

Answer 220

State hospitals are often very large and difficult to runPrivate hospitals have shorter waiting lists for operations and appointmentsPatients can benefit from faster treatmentMany people prefer to pay for more a personal servicePatients have their own room and more comfortable facilities

Answer 221

People are increasingly using alternative medicines to treat illnessesFor example, acupuncture can be used to treat backacheHerbal medicines can be used to treat allergies or virusesMany patients report positive experiences with these treatmentsSome traditional cures have been used for hundreds of years

Answer 222

Many alternative medicines have not been tested scientificallyThey may have no beneficial effect at allThey may have cause unknown side effectsPeople should trust the opinions of qualified doctorsAn illness could get worse without treatment from a doctor

Answer 223

Modern lifestyles are increasingly stressfulPeople work long hours with strict deadlinesOur busy lifestyles mean we have less time to relaxUnemployment is a major cause of stressChildren may be affected by their parents's relationship problemsTests and exams can also cause stress

Answer 224

Stress can be reduced by taking regular exercise and eating a healthy dietIt is also important to get sufficient sleep and make leisure time a priorityPeople should work less overtime and take regular holidaysSchools have started to employ psychologistsThey can offer emotional support to studentsThey can help students to cope with exam stress

Answer 225

In some countries the government provides state or council housingThis helps people who cannot afford to buy their own houseIt can be argued that state housing creates dependence on the governmentPeople should be reply on the government to look after themPeople have no incentive to earn money and buy their own homeCouncil properties are often made with cheap, poor-quality materials

Answer 226

Historic buildings are part of a country's heritageThey should be protectedOld buildings are often considered to be works or artThey give character to cities and attract touristsThey show us how people lived in the pastWe identify countries by architectural symbols like the pyramids in EgyptGovernment should spend money on looking after historic buildingsThey need regular repairs and maintenanceNew buildings should be designed to complement them

Answer 227

Modern buildings should be designed to be environmentally friendlyThey should use less energy and produce less wasteModern insulation can make houses more energy-efficientSolar and wind power can be used to generate electricityRainwater and waste water can be recycled and used to flush toiletsModern glass buildings take advantage if natural light

Answer 228

English is widely used around the worldIt is becoming a global second languageIt is the dominant language of technology, science and international businessInternational business meetings are regularly held in EnglishThe most important textbooks and journals are published in EnglishThe ability to speak English is a necessary skill in the modern world

Answer 229

If one language is dominant, other languages may disappearThe dominant language brings its own cultureAmerican culture has become popular around the worldOther cultures may be damagedAs an alternative to English, a new global language could be inventedIt would have no nationality or culture attached to itThis could help to promote international peace and understandingEsperanto is an example of a language that was invented with this aim

Answer 230

Society has become increasingly materialisticPeople aspire to earn more moneyThey want a bigger house or a better carWe connect wealth and material possessions with happiness and successBrands like "Armani" or "Mercedes" are status symbolsAdvertising creates new desires and needsIt persuades us to buy the latest styles

Answer 231

Consumerism creates employmentIt helps to reduce povertyIt encourages innovation and creativity in businessWe live in a global economyWe have a better quality of life

Answer 232

Consumerist societies create more wasteThey use more natural resourcesThey cause damage to the environmentConsumerism creates a "throw-away" cultureAdvertisers tell us who we are and what we wantWealth does not lead to happinessMaterialism causes greed and crimeWe should return to traditional values like sharing

Answer 233

Happiness means different things to different peopleIt can be described as a feeling of pleasure or enjoymentPeople enjoy spending time with family and friendsHobbies, sports and games can be a source of fun and enjoymentSome people see money as a source of happinessOther people define happiness as something deeperIn order to be truly happy it is necessary to live a good lifeWe need to feel that we are doing something useful with our livesSome people get a sense of achievement from their workOthers find happiness in bringing up their childrenReligion or a sense of purpose can also be a source of happiness

Answer 234

People define success in different waysSome people get a sense of achievement from raising a familyFor others, success is defined by wealth or statusWe often think of rich and famous people as being successful in lifeMillionaires like Bill Gates are considered to be successfulThey have to risen to the top in their chosen professionsFor some, being successful means achieving personal or professional goalsThey are success as the result of hard workSuccess in any field requires long-term planning and effort

Answer 235

Some people believe that our personalities are determined mainly by geneticsWe inherit our abilities and talents from our parentsOthers think that our education and upbringing are more importantWe develop according to the influences around usOur personalities and achievements depend more on nurture than natureMany people argue that we control our own destiniesWe can shape our own personalitiesBy working hard we can achieve and goal that we put our minds toMany successful people are "self-made"We are not limited by our genetic characteristic or upbringing

Answer 236

Sport has become a businessProfessional sport encourages people to compete for moneyMany sports stars are only concerned about money and fameSome athletes take drugs in order to win at any costCompetitors are often selfish and rudeThey are not good role models for childrenAll sports should be amateurSports should be leisure activities rather than jobsPeople should do sporting activities for enjoyment and health reasonsTaking part is more important than winning

Answer 237

Professional sports are the same as any other businessMany people are employed in the sports industryPeople should be able to use their talents to earn a salarySports stars entertain millions of peopleMoney is necessary to improve facilities and train athletesThe level of professional sport is much higher than that of amateur sport

Answer 238

Competition is a natural instinct in humansIn daily life we compete to get jobs or the highest gradesSports are a safe form of competitionCompetition is healthy because it pushes us to give our bestCompetitors and fans can release energy and aggressionSupports of teams feel a sense of belonging to a community

Answer 239

Sports professionals earn too much moneyThey do not provide a vital serviceFootball players, for example, earn enormous salaries by simply kicking a ballWe could all live happily without professional footballLife would be difficult without doctors, engineers and other vital professionalsSociety does not seem to value these professions as highly as professional sportSport salaries should be compatible with the wages most people earn

Answer 240

It is fair that the best professional earn a lot of moneySport is a multi-million-pound industryThere is a large audience of sports fansSports on television attract many viewersSports stars have dedicated hours of practice to developing their fitness and skillsOnly the most talented among them will reach the topA sports career many only last 10 yearSports fans are willing to pay to support their teams

Answer 241

Some people think that sport and politics should remain separateGovernments are involved in the hosting of sporting events such as OlympicsThese events attract investment and create jobsThe Olympic games are an advertisement for the host nationThey attract huge numbers of visitors and sports fansWealthy countries tend to hold these eventsDeveloping countries should be given the chance to become hosts

Answer 242

Watching television is a good way to relaxIt is many people's favorite way to wind down after a hard day at workTelevision programs can be entertaining and enjoyableViewers have access to a huge variety of entertainment channelsTelevision brings the best comedians, musicians and actors into our homesProgrammers can also be informative and educationalNews coverage makes the public aware of events around the world Documentaries can make learning more interesting

Answer 243

Television is having a negative impact on societySome people link violence on television with crime rates in the real worldChildren copy the behavior they see on the screenChildren are less healthy because they spend less time playingAdvertiser direct their marketing at childrenMost programs do not require much thoughtWatching TV is a waste of time

Answer 244

Television has many benefitsHowever, it can be addictiveChildren should play outside rather than sit in front of a screen all dayBehavior shown on TV can influence peopleParents should choose carefully what their children watchChildren should not be exposed to violence, swearing or sexual imagesAdvertising during children's programs should be strictly controlledTV companies should make more positive, educational programs

Answer 245

There are many advantages to using the InternetIt gives us instant access to information on almost any subjectShops and other services are now available onlinePeople can buy goods and services from the comfort of their homesThe Internet is starting to replace other forms of entertainmentIt has revolutionized communicationWe can keep in touch by email or instant messenger servicesVideo messaging is becoming common for business meetings

Answer 246

Many websites contain offensive contentSome sites show violent or sexual imagesParents find it difficult to control what their children see onlineThey do not always know who their children are chatting toWith so many websites it is difficult to search for good informationCriminals increasingly use the Internet to steal people's money

Answer 247

Newspaper and books are now published online as well as in printWe can read the news in any language from any country in the worldIt costs nothing to publish or access information on the InternetThe Internet allows anybody to publish their own writingNewspaper articles and books are written by professionals Professionals produce better quality writing than amateurPeople still buy newspapers and books because they are portablePeople do not like reading from a screen

Answer 248

The mobile phone is most popular gadget in today's worldMobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicateWe can stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we areUsers can send text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to musicMobiles have also become fashion accessories

Answer 249

Mobiles phones can be a problem in some public placesRinging phones cause disturbance in cinemas and school lessonsSome people are not aware that others can hear their conversationsMobile phones may also interfere with electronic equipmentTheir waves could cause damage to our brainsMobile phones can also be a dangerous distractionUsing a phone while driving reduces the driver's concentrationMobile phones are a popular target for thieves

Answer 250

The benefits of mobile phones outweigh the drawbacksWe need to use these phones with care

Answer 251

Tourism is a popular leisure activityPeople go on holiday to relax and have funTourists can experience different culturesThey can sunbathe on beaches or go sight-seeingTravelling abroad opens our mindsWe can learn to speak other languagesThe tourist trade is vital for some countriesIt creates employment in services like accommodation, transport and entertainmentSome areas rely on tourism for their incomeTourists spend moneyTourism attracts investment from multi-national companiesIt helps to improve the standard of livingLow-cost airlines are making it cheaper to travel abroad

Answer 252

Tourism can have a negative effect on the natural environmentThe building of facilities and infrastructure can destroy the habitat of wild animalsBeautiful beaches are spoilt by building of hotelsTourism creates pollution and wasteIt puts pressure on local resourcesLocal traditional and cultures may be endangeredA rise in the cost of living affects local peopleThe price of goods, services and housing may increase significantly

Answer 253

Governments should introduce laws to protect natural environments and local culturesTourism should have a low impact on wildlifeRenewable resources like solar or water power should be usedWaste should be recycledLocal business such as farms should be supported

Answer 254

Because of industrialization and global trade, many traditions have disappearedGlobal advertising encourages everyone to buy the same productsMost products are now made in factoriesMachinery has replaced skilled human labourFactory work is boring and leaves people feeling unfulfilledGoods are produced very quickly and in large numbersProducts are cheaper, which means that more people can buy themExample : Clothes are mass produced in standard sizesPeople wear similar clothes, rather than traditional costumesJeans and T-shirt are now worn throughout the worldHistoric building took skilled craftsmen years to buildModern concrete, steel and glass building are built in only weeks or monthsThere are fewer people who can create hand-made goods

Answer 255

Traditional customs are still important during wedding or religious festivalsPeople wear traditional costumers and eat special foodsIt is important to maintain our different culture identitiesWe should celebrate festivals, teach traditional skills and protect historic places

Answer 256

Traffic congestion is caused by commuters travelling to workMost people lie in the suburbs outside city centreCommuters tend to travel at the same time of dayThey tend to travel aloneCars and road space are not used efficientlyThis causes traffic jams during the rush hour

Answer 257

In order to reduce traffic we should change our working habitsThe internet can now be used to connect peopleMore people could work from homeMeetings can be held as video conferencesWorkers could be given flexible timetablesAnother solution would be tax driversWorkers should share their cars and travel togetherIn London, for example, there is a congestion chargeThis helps to raise money for better public transportPublic transport needs to be reliable and efficient

Answer 258

We need to reduce our dependence on carsParking a car can be extremely difficult in big citiesWell-designed transport systems are comfortable and convenientModern public transport can be fast and cheapPublic transport can help to reduce pollution in citiesInvestment in buses and trains will ease traffic congestionBuses can be given special lands to avoid traffic

Answer 259

Public transport is often low and unreliableMetro systems and trains are often dirty and crowedPeople feel like "sardines in a car"Cars are much more comfortable

Answer 260

Driving while tired or drunk is extremely dangerousMobile phones can be a dangerous distraction for driversThey draw the driver's attention away from the roadThe use of phones while driving has been banned in many countriesPunishments are becoming stricterTelevision campaigns are used to remind people to drive safelySpeed cameras have become more commonSpeed bumps are another form of traffic calmingMany streets are designed with the aim of slowing traffic down

Answer 261

Water is as necessary natural resourceHumans need access to clean, safe drinking water in order to livePoor water quality is a major cause of disease and death in some countriesWater usually needs to be treated before we can drink itDeveloping countries often lack the means to treat and supply water to citizensDeveloped countries tend to have much better sanitationCitizens have access to clean tap waterDrinking water is not contaminated by sewage or waste waterThe supply of clean water would improve public health in many developing countries

Answer 262

Urban life would be impossible without water supply systemsThese systems are massive engineering projectsMany professionals are involved in their planning, construction and maintenanceThe supply and distribution of water are major concernsWater is becoming scarce in some countriesAreas that suffer droughts often to import waterAs populations grow, there is more pressure on water suppliesThis could lead to a water crisis

Answer 263

The supply of water is also an important political issueHuge amount of water are needed for agriculture and industryThe irrigation of crops accounts for a large proportions of water useA water crisis could lead to political conflicts or even wars

Answer 264

Some people believe that water should be free for everyoneGovernments should supply water to all homes at no costPrivate companies should not be allowed to profit from this natural resourceMoney from taxes can be used to pay for water supply systems

Answer 265

If water is free, people take it for grantedThey do not think about how much water they wasteThey leave taps running while washing or brushing their teethIf we have to pay for water, we will use it more responsiblyWater supply systems are extremely expensiveInvestment is needed to maintain and improve themPrivate companies may provide a better service than governmentsIf they provide an efficient service, they will make more moneyThey will repair leaks to avoid losing money

Answer 266

Some people carry bottles of water wherever they goFor example, they take bottles of water to work or to the gymThey believe that bottled water is healthier than tap waterThey also argue that it tastes betterHowever, other people believe that we should consume less bottle waterPlastic water bottles add to litter and waste problemsCompanies should not be able to make a profit from waterIt is unethical to make money by selling packaged waterThere is no difference in quality between bottled and tap water

Answer 267

Employees have a stable career with one employerThey have a good pension and health insuranceTheir salaries gradually increaseThey may be promoted within the organizationThey demonstrate loyaltyExperience staff can be trusted with more responsibilityThey become part of the teamThere is a clearly defined path for development

Answer 268

People often change job in order to further their careerAnother company may offer a promotion or a higher salaryPeople who change jobs can gain experienceThey can lean different skillsChanging jobs is interesting and challengingPeople can retrain in a different occupationIn a fast-changing world, workers need to be flexiblePeople need to develop a range of experience and skills

Answer 269

Nowadays, it is easy to set up a companyThe Internet provides a global marketplaceSelf-development offers greater freedom than working for a companyHowever, there are risks to starting a new businessSelf-employed people may face financial difficultiesMany business fail to make a profitThere is less stability in self-employmentThere are no benefits like pensions, sick pay and holiday paySelf-employment involved hard work, long hours, and total responsibility

Answer 270

Unemployment is a big problem for individuals, communities and societySome people are unable to find a jobThey may not have the sufficient level of education or qualificationsThey may find themselves homelessUnemployment causes frustration and stressJobless people may become involved in crime as a means to get moneyThe unemployment need careers adviceGovernment need to provide vocational courses and retraining

Answer 271

Some governments pay unemployment benefits in order to help jobless peopleUnemployed people need financial support until they find a new jobBy claiming benefits they can continue to pay for their homesThe benefits system helps to reduce poverty, homelessness and crime

Answer 272

Some people claim benefits rather than workingThey become dependent on the governmentThey are not motivated to find a jobThe benefits system is a burden on taxpayersAll citizens should work to earn a living and support themselvesReceiving benefits affects people's self esteem

Answer 273

It is important to achieve a balance between work time and leisure or family timeToo much work can result in stress and poor healthWorkaholics may neglect their families and friendsPeople need to take regular holidaysCompanies should be expect employees to work overtimeNowadays, many people work part-time or have flexible working hoursTechnology allow people to work from homeMany companies provide childcare facilitiesA good work/life balance can rise job satisfactionHappy, healthy workers are more productive

Answer 274

Internet, fax and mobile phone technologies have revolutionized working lifeWorkers can communicate via email, online networks and video conferencingTechnology can connect workers in different countriesIt gives people more freedomIt can also save time and moneySome people believe that offices could disappear in the futureVirtual online offices may replace them

Answer 275

In some countries, children are exploitedThey do repetitive jobs for very low payChildren are often used in agriculture and factory workThe employment of children is prohibited in other countriesMany people think that children should be free to enjoy their childhoodGovernments should make education a priorityThey should build new schoolsThey should supply the resources to educate childrenChildren need to be given the knowledge and skills for adult life

Answer 276

of business/economy : to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc

Answer 277

-a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to live thereEx: The Antarctic is the world's last great wilderness a wilderness area ( = one where it is not permitted to build houses or road )- a place that people do not take care of or controlIdiom : In the wilderness: no longer in an important, especially in politics

Answer 278

-easily broken or damagedfragile china/glass/bones-weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilta fragile alliance/ceasefire/relationship-delicate and often beautifulfragile beautyThe woman's fragile face broke into a smile

Answer 279

the fact of varying with the seasonsa high degree of climatic seasonality

Answer 280

-cruel, severe and unkindThe minister received some harsh criticism-(of weather or living conditions) very difficult and unpleasant to live ina harsh winter/wind/climatethe harsh conditions of poverty which existed for most people at that time

Answer 281

-existing or most common at a particular time synonym: current, predominantthe prevailing economic

Answer 282

-to attract or interest somebodydraw somebody : The movie is drawing large audiencedraw somebody to something: Her screams drew passers - by to the scene

Answer 283

belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere elseSynonym: nativethe indigenous people/languages of the areaindigenous to ... The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia

Answer 284

main; most important;basicMy prime concern is to protect my propertyWinning is not the prime objective in this sport

Answer 285

-very great; felt or experience very stronglyThe news came as a profound shockThe report has profound implications for schools-showing great knowledge or understanding: profound insights/ a profound book

Answer 286

not large, strong or important enough for a particular purpose Synonym : inadequate insufficient timeHis salary is insufficient to meet his needs

Answer 287

-a person who has done something wrong or against the lawThe police quickly identified the real culprits-a person or things responsible for causing a problemThe main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques

Answer 288

undermine something to make something, especially somebody's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effectiveThis crisis has undermined his positionRecent changes have undermined teacher's morale

Answer 289

be linked with = be related to

Answer 290

[not before noun] formal : very manySynonym : numerous: The medical uses of herb are legion

Answer 291

limitminimize something : to try to make something seem less important than it really isSynonym : play downHe always tried to minimize his own faults, while exaggerating those of others

Answer 292

reinvigorate something/somebody : to give new energy or strength to something/ somebodyWe need to reinvigorate the economy of the area

Answer 293

a situation when there is a new interest in a particular subject, form of art, etc after a period when it was not very popularSynonym : revivalThe British film industry is currently enjoying something of renaissanceSự phục hưng

Answer 294

-shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live togethersynonym: sharedA communal kitchen/gardenAs a student he tried communal living for a few years-involving different groups of people in a community communal violence between religious groups

Answer 295

-continuing for only a short timesynonym: fleeting , temporaryThe transient nature of speech-staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving ona city with a large transient population (=of students, temporary workers, etc)Sự tạm thời, sự thoáng qua

Answer 296

-repatriate somebody: to send or bring somebody back to their own countryThe refugees were forcibly repatriated-repatriate something (business) to send money or profits back to your own companyAn agreement between the countries enables companies to repatriate their profits freely

Answer 297

-to increase over a period of timeInterest will accrue if you keep your money in a savings account-accrue (to somebody) (from something) economic benefits accruing to the country fromsynonym: accumulate: The firm had accrued debts of over 6m$

Answer 298

The large flat Arctic regions of northern Europe, Asia and North America where no trees grow and where the soil below the surface of the ground is always frozen

Answer 299

A member of a group of native american people who line in the US states of Arizona and New mexico

Answer 300

to go into or through somethingPenetrate something :The knife had penetrated his chestPenetrate into/through/ to something: These fine particles penetrate deep into the lungs

Answer 301

a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking riskssynonym : undertakingA disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollarsAt a venture : accidentally / riskilyVenture (v) : venture something (on something) to risk losing something valuable or important if you are not successful at something. ( Liều )Synonym : gamble : It was wrong to venture his finacial security on such a risky dealPhrasal VerbsVenture into/on somethingTo do something, even though it involves risks. This is the first time the company has ventured into movie production.

Answer 302

a strong desire to have or do something: I didn't realize you had a political aspirationsaspiration to do something: He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of moneyaspiration for something: What changes are needed to meet women's aspirations for employment ?

Answer 303

exceed something to be greater than a particular number or amountThe Price will now exceed 100$His achievements have exceeded expectations

Answer 304

more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptableYou can throw any excessexcess of something: Are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?In an excess of enthusiasm I agreed to work lateHe started drinking to excess after losing his job

Answer 305

paying no attention to something/somebody; treating something/somebody as not being importantThe club welcomes all new member regardless of age

Answer 306

to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when have doubts about itsomebody (that)... you think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did notWe were assured that everything possible was being doneShe's perfectly safe, I can assure youassure somebody (of something) We assured him of our supportI won't let you down, I can assure you of thatassure somebody + speech: "He'll come back" Susan assured her

Answer 307

to make sure that something happens or is definiteensure something: The book ensured his successensure somebody something: Victory ensured them a place in the finalensure (that)... Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off

Answer 308

-to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situationsynonym: modifyadapt something: These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastesadapt something for something : Most of these tools have been specially adapted for used by disabled peopleSynonym : adjustIt's amazing how soon you adaptThe organisms were forced to adapt in order to surviveadapt to something: We have had to adapt quickly to the new systemA large organization can be slow to adapt to changeadapt yourself to something : It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings

Answer 309

germinate (something) when the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated, it starts to grow: (figurative) An idea for a novel began to germinate in her mindGermination (n): Keep the seeds in warm, damp conditions to encourage germination

Answer 310

-unexpected, surprising or strangeSynonym : incredibleIt's extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the partyThe president took the extraordinary step of apologizing publicly for his behaviour-not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usualan extraordinary achievement

Answer 311

-continuing for a very long time; happening again and againthe perennial problem of water shortagethat perennial favourite, hamburgers-(of plants) living for two years or more

Answer 312

change, transformconvert sth into sth: The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home

Answer 313

-variation (in/of something) a change, especially in the amount or level of somethingThe dial records very slight variations in pressureCurrency exchange rates are always subject to variationregional/seasonal variation (depending on the region or time of year)-variation (on something) a thing that is different from other things in the same general groupThis soup is a spicy variation on a traditional favourite

Answer 314

[usually before noun]as great or as large as possible: It takes several weeks for the treatment to have maximal effect

Answer 315

The place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally foundThe panda's natural habitat is the bamboo forestinhabit (v) = reside

ielts_20140628141228 Flashcards

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