IGCSE Edexcel Biology Self Quizzing Tool - Year 10 Flashcards
1) Define the term ‘growth’
A permanent increase in size; an increase in the number of cells in an organism
2) Define the term ‘homeostasis’, giving two examples
Maintenance of a constant internal environment, e.g. temperature, water levels, blood glucose levels
3) Define the term ‘excretion’, giving three examples of waste excretory products.
Removal of metabolic waste products from the body, e.g. water (sweat), CO2 (waste product of aerobic respiration) and urea (produced in liver from excess amino acids)
4) Define the term ‘respiration’. How is nutrition important for respiration?
Respiration is the release of energy (production of ATP) from food (glucose). Without proper nutrition, we will not obtain suitable nutrients to respire (e.g. glucose, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids)
5) State the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) have no membrane-bound organelles, e.g. mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus
6) State four examples of eukaryotic organisms (kingdom and specific ex.)
Animals > rhino, mosquito, shark, human
Plants > daffodil, wheat, daisy
Fungi > yeast, Mucor
Protoctists > amoeba, Chlorella, Plasmodium
7) Which kingdoms of organisms are ALWAYS unicellular?
Protoctists and bacteria
9) State the difference in cell wall composition between bacteria, fungi, plants and viruses
Bacteria -> MUREIN
Fungi -> CHITIN
Plants -> CELLULOSE
Viruses -> NO CELL WALL
10) Describe three differences in the structure of bacteria and viruses
Bacteria -> cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, flagella
Viruses -> no cell wall (protein coat), no cell membrane, no cytoplasm, smaller, no plasmids
11) State the difference in carbohydrate storage between plants, animals, bacteria and fungi
Plants -> STARCH or SUCROSE
Animals -> GLYCOGEN
Bacteria -> GLYCOGEN
Fungi -> GLYCOGEN
12) State the names of 2 diseases caused by viruses (disease-causing organisms are called pathogens)
AIDS (caused by HIV)
Flu (caused by influenza virus)
Ebola (caused by Ebola virus)
13) State the name of a non-pathogenic bacterium and a use for this bacterium
Lactobacillus (used in making yoghurt)
14) State the name of a multicellular fungus and describe how it feeds
Mucor- feeds by saprotrophic nutrition, extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes which break food down into smaller pieces which can then be re-absorbed
15) Describe how the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) affects plants
It causes discoloration of the leaves by preventing the formation of chlorophyll
16) Describe the difference between how bacteria and viruses reproduce
Bacteria divide by binary fission (asexual reproduction)
Viruses rely on a host cell to self-replicate (they inject their DNA/RNA into the host cell which becomes integrated into host genome)
17) Which is the only kingdom to have nervous coordination?
Animals
18) Which bacterium causes pneumonia?
A spherical bacterium, Pneumococcus
19) Put the following structures the correct order of hierarchy, starting with the lowest: Liver cell, kidney, endocrine system, plant, mitochondria, cardiac tissue
Mitochondria, liver cell, cardiac tissue, kidney, endocrine system, plant
21) Describe the functions of the cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus
Cell membrane – controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
Ribosomes – where protein synthesis takes place
Mitochondria – site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy (producing ATP) for the cell
Cytoplasm – site of chemical reactions in the cell
Nucleus – controls the activities of the cell and contains the instructions (DNA) needed to make new proteins
22) Describe the differences between animal cells and plant cells
Plant cells contain chloroplasts, a cellulose cell wall and a permanent vacuole
24) Describe the functions of a cellulose cell wall, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall – strengthens a cell and gives it support
Permanent vacuole – filled with cell sap; keeps cell rigid and provides support
Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll which absorbs light for a plant to photosynthesise
25) Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates: C, H, O
Proteins: C, H, O, N
Lipids: C, H, O
26) Describe the basic structure of carbohydrates (e.g. starch and glycogen), proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates: simple sugars (e.g. glucose)
Proteins: amino acids
Lipids: glycerol and fatty acids
27) Describe how to test chemically for the presence of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose and starch) in a sample
Glucose: add Benedict’s solution and HEAT in a water bath. Colour changes from blue -> brick red if glucose is present
Starch: add iodine solution. If starch is present, colour changes from brown -> blue-black