Iggy Ch 55 SG - assessment of gastrointestinal system

Question 0

What is the muscle that surrounds the ampulla of Vater?

Answer 0

Sphincter of Oddi

is the muscle that surrounds the ampulla of Vater

Question 1

Finger-like projections into the small intestine

Answer 1

Villi

Question 2

Name the oral secretion that softens food.

Answer 2

Saliva

Question 3

A thick, liquid mass of partially digested food.

Answer 3

Chyme

Question 4

A temporary reservoir for food.

Answer 4

stomach

Question 5

Intestinal hormone that inhibits acid secretion and decreases gastric motility.

Answer 5

Secretin

Question 6

Epithelial cell layer lining the GI tract

Answer 6

Submucosa

Question 7

The process of expelling feces.

Answer 7

Elimination

Question 8

The central part of small intestine.

Answer 8

Jejunum

Question 9

Chewing is also called?

Answer 9

mastication

Question 10

The conduit for food from mouth to stomach.

Answer 10

esophagus

Question 11

First 10 inches of the small intestine is called?

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

The liver secretion essential to fat emulsification is?

Answer 12

Bile

Question 13

Largest abdominal organ with numerous functions is?

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

The organ that concentrates and stores bile is called the ______.

Answer 14

gallbladder.

Question 15

The beginning pathway for digestion is the _____.

Answer 15

Mouth

Question 16

The pancreas performs which functions? (select all that apply)

a. breaks down amino acids
b. Secretes enzymes for digestion from the exocrine part of the organ.
c. Breaks down fatty acids and triglycerides.
d. produces glucagon from the endocrine part of the organ.
e. produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Answer 16

B,D,E

b. Secretes enzymes for digestion from the exocrine part of the organ.
d. produces glucagon from the endocrine part of the organ.
e. produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 17

What statements about intrinsic factor are corret? (select all that apply)

a. it is produces by the parietal cells.
b. It is essential to fat emulsfication.
c. It aids in the absorption of vitamin B12.
e. its absence causes pernicious anemia.

Answer 17

A,C,E

a. it is produced by the parietal cells.
c. It aids in the absorption of Vit B12.
e. Its absence auses pernicious anemia.

Question 18

Which statement about Kupffer cells are true? (select all that apply)

a. They are located in the epithelial cell layer. lining of the GI tract.
b. They are cells found in the liver.
c. They are cells found in the wall of the stomach.
d. They are part of the substance that aids in the absorption of vitamin B12.
e. They are part of the body’s reticuloendothelial system.

Answer 18

B & E

b. They are cells found in the liver.
e. They are part of the body’s reticuloendothelial system.

Question 19

Which drugs predispose a patient to peptic ulcer disease and GI bleeding? (select all that apply)

a. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
b. Steroids
c. Aspirin
d. Lasix
e. Digitalis

Answer 19

A,B,C

a. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
b. steroids
c. aspirin

Question 20

Which gastrointestinal problem is related to anorexia?

a. heartburn
b. constipation
c. steatorrhea
d. Loss of appetite

Answer 20

D.

Loss of appetite

Question 21

Dyspepsia is characterized by which factors? (select all that supply)

a. Indigestion associated with eating.
b. Loss of appetite for food.
c. heartburn associated with eating.
d. vomiting that occurs after eating.
e. malabsorption.

Answer 21

A & C

a. Indigestion associated with eating.
c. heartburn associated with eating.

Question 22

Indicate the usual sequence that the abdominal examination occurs using the numbers 1 through 4

a. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
b. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
c. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
d. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Answer 22

a = 4
b = 3
c = 2
d = 1

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a patient with abdominal pain. While assessing the patient, which questions will the nurse ask the patient? (select all that apply)

a. Is the pain burnin, gnawing, or stabbing?
b. Can you point to where you feel the pain?
c. does your skin feel itchy?
d. when did you first notice the pain?
e. does the pain spread anywhere?

Answer 23

A,B,C,D,E

a. Is the pain burnin, gnawing, or stabbing?
b. Can you point to where you feel the pain?
c. does your skin feel itchy?
d. when did you first notice the pain?
e. does the pain spread anywhere?

Question 24

Indicate the correct sequence of examination techniques for abdominal assessment using the numbers 1 through 4. a. Inspection b. percussion c. palpation d. ausculation

Answer 24

``` a = 1 b = 3 c = 4 d = 2 ```

Question 25

The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment on a patient. For which finding does the nurse alert the physician? a. Cullen's sign b. Borborygmus c. Blumberg's sign d. Bulging, pulsating mass

Answer 25

d. | bulging, pulsating mass

Question 26

Areas of pain that also show rebound tenderness are called______.

Answer 26

Blumberg's sign

Question 27

High pitched, loud, musical sound of an air filled intestine is called____.

Answer 27

Tympanic

Question 28

"Swooshing" sounds are called______.

Answer 28

Bruits

Question 29

The presence of ecchymoses around the umbilicus is called_____.

Answer 29

Cullen's sign

Question 30

``` What will laboratory values for a patient with liver disease most likely show? (Select all that apply) A. Increased prothrombin time. B. Increased AST and ALT C. Increased albumin levels D. Decreased ammonia levels E. Increased unconjugated bilirubin. ```

Answer 30

A,B,E A. Increased prothrombin time. B. Increased AST and ALT E. Increased unconjugated bilirubin

Question 31

``` Laboratory values for a patient with acute pancreatitis may show which abnormal findings? A. Increased hemoglobin B. Decreased serum amylase C. Increased serum lipase D. Decreased urine nitrates E. Increased serum amylase ```

Answer 31

C and E C. Increased serum lipase E. Increased serum amylase

Question 32

A patient being seen in the ED has been vomiting blood for the past 12 hours. What test will likely be ordered for the patient? A. Endoscopic retrograde chlolangiopancreatography (ERCP) B. Upper GI radiographic series C. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) D. Barium enema

Answer 32

C. | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Question 33

A small bowel enteroscopy that visualizes the entire small bowel, including the distal ileum is called______.

Answer 33

Small bowel capsule endoscopy

Question 34

Visual radiographic examination of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas to identify the cause and location of obstruction is called______.

Answer 34

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 35

A radiographic visualization of the large intestine; usually ordered for the patient with blood or mucus in the stool or a change in bowel habits is called __.

Answer 35

Barium enema

Question 36

Visualization of the gallbladder after oral ingestion of radiopaque, iodine-based contrast medium. The day before the test, the patient eats a fat-free or low-fat meal and takes six radio opaque iodine tablets approximately two hours after the meal. Patient is NPO from midnight on the night before the test is called ______.

Answer 36

Gallbladder radiographic series.

Question 37

A scan that uses IV injection of a radioactive material that is taken up primarily by the liver and secondarily by the spleen is called_______.

Answer 37

Liver – spleen scan.

Question 38

An x-ray study of the biliary duct system using an iodinated dye instilled via a percutaneous needle inserted through the liver into the intrahepatic ducts is called_________.

Answer 38

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

Question 39

A noninvasive imaging procedure to obtain multidimensional views of the entire colon is called a _________ __________ __________, or more popularly known as the virtual colonoscopy.

Answer 39

Computed tomography colongraphy

Question 40

``` Mild gas pain and flatulence may be experienced as a result of air instilled into the rectum during examination, and if a biopsy specimen is obtained, a small amount of bleeding may be observed. For which endoscopic procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. Colonoscopy B. Proctosigmoidoscopy C. Enteroscopy D. ERCP ```

Answer 40

B. Proctosigmoidoscopy

Question 41

``` A feeling of fullness, cramping, and passage of flatus can be expected for several hours after the test, and a small amount of blood may be in the first stool after the test if a biopsy specimen is taken or a polypectomy is performed. Vital signs should be checked every 15 minutes, the patient should be monitored for signs of perforation or hemorrhage , and excessive bleeding should be reported immedediately. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. EGD B. Enteroscopy C. Small bowel series D. Colonoscopy ```

Answer 41

D. Colonoscopy

Question 42

``` The patient should be observed for cholangitis, perforation, sepsis, and pancreatitis, and the patient should report abdominal pain, fever, neusea, one vomiting that fails to resolve. The patient is on NPO status until the gag reflex returns. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing. A. Enteroscopy B. EGD C. ERCP D. PTC ```

Answer 42

C. ERCP

Question 43

``` The patient should be monitored for signs of perforation such as pain, bleeding, or fever, and the patient is instructed not to drive for 12 hours after the test. A hoarse voice and sore throat may persist for several days; throat lozenges may be used to relieve the discomfort. For which procedure is this follow-up care describing? A. EGD B. ERCP C. Enteroscopy D. Small bowel series. ```

Answer 43

A. EGD

Question 44

Match the abdominal quadrant to the appropriate body scut true in which they are located Body quadrants / location of body structure A. Right upper quadrant B. Right lower quadrant C. Midline D. Left upper quadrant E. Left lower quadrant 45. Abdominal aorta 46. Sigmoid colon 47. Appendix 48. Gallbladder

Answer 44

45. Abdominal aorta = c. midline 46. Sigmoid colon = e. Left lower quadrant 47. Appendix = b. Right lower quadrant 48. Gallbladder = Right upper quadrant