II - Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

pathology

It is a protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult.

Answer 1

Inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.31

Question 2

pathology

Inflammation which is characterized by plasma protein exudation and a predominantly neutrophilic leukocyte accumulation.

Answer 2

Acute inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.32

Question 3

pathology

Inflammation typified by influx of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with vascular proliferation and fibrosis.

Answer 3

Chronic inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.32

Question 4

pathology

Five cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 4

Heat (calor)redness (rubor)swelling (tumor)pain (dolor)loss of function (functio laesa)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.32

Question 5

pathology

Initial vascular response to injury?

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction.(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.33

Question 6

pathology

An ultrafiltrate of blood which contains little protein. Results from arteriolar vasodilation and increased blood flow.

Answer 6

Transudate(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.34

Question 7

pathology

Results from increased vascular permeability, leading to leakage of protein into tissues.

Answer 7

Exudate(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.34

Question 8

pathology

Fluid accumulation in extravascular space.

Answer 8

Edema(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.34

Question 9

pathology

State the molecule in the endothelium responsible for this stage of vascular inflammatory response:Rolling

Answer 9

Selectins(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.36

Question 10

pathology

State the molecule in the lymphocyte responsible for this stage of vascular inflammatory response:Firm adhesion

Answer 10

Integrins(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.37

Question 11

pathology

State the molecule in the endothelium responsible for this stage of vascular inflammatory response:Transmigration

Answer 11

PECAM-1/CD 31(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.37

Question 12

pathology

State the endothelial adhesion molecule responsible for this stage of vascular inflammatory response:Intercellular adhesion

Answer 12

ICAM -1(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.37

Question 13

pathology

State the lymphocytic adhesion molecule counterpart of the following endothelial receptors:E-Selectin

Answer 13

Sialyl-Lewis X modified glycoprotein(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.36

Question 14

pathology

State the lymphocytic adhesion molecule counterpart of the following endothelial receptors:P-Selectin

Answer 14

Sialyl-Lewis X-Modified glycoprotein(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.36

Question 15

pathology

State the lymphocytic adhesion molecule counterpart of the following endothelial receptors:ICAM-1

Answer 15

Integrins(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.37

Question 16

pathology

State the lymphocytic adhesion molecule counterpart of the following endothelial receptors:CD-31

Answer 16

CD-31(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.37

Question 17

pathology

The process of luekocyte accumulation at the periphery of blood vessels is called ______.

Answer 17

Margination(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.36

Question 18

pathology

Arrange the following steps in the inflammatory response:A. Recruitment of leukocytesB. Regulation of responseC. Recognition of injurious agentD. Removal of agentE. Resolution

Answer 18

C, A, D, B, E(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.35

Question 19

pathology

Arrage the steps in leukocyte recruitment:A. TransmigrationB. Rolling C. MarginationD. Firm adhesion

Answer 19

C, B, D, A(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.35

Question 20

pathology

Process of coating microorganisms with proteins that facilitate phagocytosis.

Answer 20

Opsonization(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.38

Question 21

pathology

A lymphocyte with ingested microorganism fused with lysosome is called _______.

Answer 21

Phagolysosome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.39

Question 22

pathology

The most important lysosomal enzyme involved in bacterial killing.

Answer 22

Elastase(TOPNOTCH)

Question 23

pathology

Process of leukocyte migration toward sites of infection or injury along a chemical gradient.

Answer 23

Chemotaxis(TOPNOTCH)

Question 24

pathology

The most important lysosomal enzyme involved in bacterial killing.

Answer 24

Elastase(TOPNOTCH)

Question 25

# pathology A peptide Leukocyte granule constituent which kills microbes by creating holes in their membranes.

Answer 25

Defensins(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.40

Question 26

# pathology Predominant form of leukocyte during the first 6 - 24 hours of inflammation?

Answer 26

Neutrophils(TOPNOTCH)

Question 27

# pathology Predominant form of leukocyte during 24-48 hrs after the onset of inflammation?

Answer 27

Monocytes(TOPNOTCH)

Question 28

# pathology Substances responsible for leukocyte-induced tissue injury?

Answer 28

Lysosomal enzymes, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.(TOPNOTCH)

Question 29

# pathology Defective synthesis of CD 18 B-subunit of leukocyte integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 leading to impaired leukocyte adhesion and migration through endothelium.

Answer 29

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.41

Question 30

# pathology Caused by a defect in fucose metabolism resulting in absence of sialyl-lewis X, the oligosaccharide on leukocytes that binds to selectins on activated endothelium.

Answer 30

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.41

Question 31

# pathology Results from a defect in the protein involved in membrane docking and fusion.

Answer 31

Chediak-Higashi syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.41

Question 32

# pathology NADPH deficiency or defect resulting in decreased oxidative burst.

Answer 32

Chronic Granulomatous Disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.42

Question 33

# pathology Type of acute inflammation characterized by the outpouring of watery, relatively protein-poor fluid derived from the serum or endothelial lining of peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities.

Answer 33

Serous inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.43

Question 34

# pathology Fluid in a serous cavity is called ______.

Answer 34

Effusion(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.43

Question 35

# pathology This type of inflmmation results from greater vascular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass the endothelial barrier.

Answer 35

Fibrinous inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.44

Question 36

# pathology Histologically, appears as an eosinophilic meshwork of threads or sometimes an amorphous coagulum.

Answer 36

Fibrinous inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.44

Question 37

# pathology This type of inflammation is manifested by the presence of large amounts of purulent exudate consisting of neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid.

Answer 37

Suppurative (purulent) inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.44

Question 38

# pathology Focal collections of pus that may be caused by seeding pyogenic organisms into a tissue or by secondary infections of necrotic foci.

Answer 38

Abscess(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.44

Question 39

# pathology It is an excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by necrosis of cells and sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.

Answer 39

Ulcer(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.44

Question 40

# pathology Vasoactive amines that are preformed molecules in secretory granules of mast cells, basophils and platelets.

Answer 40

Serotonin, Histamine(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.46

Question 41

# pathology Complement fragments which are anaphylotoxins.

Answer 41

C3a, C5a (A for anaphylotoxin)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.46

Question 42

# pathology Complement fragment which aids in opsonization.

Answer 42

C3b (b for binding)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.46

Question 43

# pathology Membrane attack complex

Answer 43

C5b, C6-9(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.46

Question 44

# pathology It is the cytolytic endproduct of the complement cascade, which forms a transmembrane channel causing osmotic lysis of target cells.

Answer 44

Membrane attack complex (C5b,C6-9)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.46

Question 45

# pathology Enzyme blocked by NSAIDS.

Answer 45

Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.47

Question 46

# pathology Enzyme inhibited by glucocorticoids

Answer 46

Phospholipase A2(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.47

Question 47

# pathology Polypeptide products of many cell types that function as mediators of inflammation and immune response.

Answer 47

Cytokines(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.48

Question 48

# pathology They are a family of small structurally related proteins that act primarily as chemoattractants for different subsets of leukocytes.

Answer 48

Chemokines(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.48

Question 49

# pathology Major cytokines in acute inflmmation.

Answer 49

TNF and IL-1(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.48

Question 50

# pathology A short-lived, soluble, free-radical gas produced by endothelial cells causing smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation.

Answer 50

Nitric oxide(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.49

Question 51

# pathology This component of the coagulation cascade initiates four systems involved in the inflammatory response, namely the kinin, clotting, fibrinolytic and complement systems.

Answer 51

Activated Hageman Factor / Factor XIIa(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.52

Question 52

# pathology Inflammation characterized by infiltration with mononuclear cells, tissue destruction and repair involving angiogenesis and fibrosis.

Answer 52

Chronic Inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.53

Question 53

# pathology Macrophages in the liver

Answer 53

Kupffer cells(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.54

Question 54

# pathology Macrophages in the spleen and lymph nodes

Answer 54

Sinus histiocytes(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.54

Question 55

# pathology Macrophages in the CNS

Answer 55

Microglial cells(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.54

Question 56

# pathology Macrophages in the lungs

Answer 56

Alveolar Macrophages(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.54

Question 57

# pathology A focus of epiheloid cells, rimmed by fibroblasts, lymphocytes, histiocytes, occasional giant cells.

Answer 57

Noncaseating tubercle, Tuberculosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 58

# pathology Central amorphous granular debris, loss of all cellular detail, acid-fast bacilli

Answer 58

Caseating tuberculosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 59

# pathology Acid-fast bacilli in macrophages, noncaseating granulomas

Answer 59

Leprosy(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 60

# pathology Microscopic to visible lesion, enclosing wall of histiocytes, plasma cell infiltrates, necrotic central cells without loss of cellulr outline

Answer 60

Gumma (Syphilis)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 61

# pathology Rounded or stellate granuloma containing central granular debris and recognizable neutrophils, giant cells uncommon.

Answer 61

Cat-scratch Disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 62

# pathology Noncaseating granulomas with abundant activated macrophages

Answer 62

Sarcoidosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 63

# pathology Occasional noncaseating granulomas in intestinal walls, with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate

Answer 63

Chron disease(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 64

# pathology Cells with pink, granular cytoplasm with indistinct boundaries.

Answer 64

Epitheloid cells(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 65

# pathology 40-50 um in size, consisting of a large mass of cytoplasm and many nuclei.

Answer 65

Giant cells(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 66

# pathology Necrotic material which appears amorphous, structureless, granular debris, with complete loss of cellular details.

Answer 66

Caseous necrosis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.56

Question 67

# pathology Cytokines which stimulate prostaglandins in the hypothalamus, producing fever.

Answer 67

TNF, IL-1(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th ed. p.57