II. Human Digestion

Question 1

A. digestive tract

Answer 1

1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine (colon)
6. rectum

Question 2

A. digestive tract
1. mouth

Answer 2

• responsible for ingestion
• ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion

a) teeth (mechanical digestion)
i. incisors - slicing
- flat, sharp
- located at front of the jaw
- we have them both top and bottom
ii. canines - piercing
- sharp and pointy
- used to hold on
iii. premolars - cutting and grinding
- great for cutting and grinding
plants, fruits, meat, etc.
iv. molars - grinding
- broad and have lots of bumps
b) tongue/cheeks - taste, mixing/grinding
- tongue pushes food in
- cheeks keep food in
c) salivary glands - saliva - lubrication,
mixing, carb. digestion
- behind and under the tongue
mixed with saliva then lubricates
making it easy to swallow

Question 3

A. digestive tract
2. esophagus

Answer 3

transport food to stomach

• food is swallowed in esophagus
• longitudinal muscle shortens
  esophagus
• circular muscle contracts to squeeze
  food down esophagus
• muscular tube

Question 4

A. digestive tract
3. stomach

Answer 4

mixing food, begins protein digestion

• bound by two sphincters
• holds food temporarily
• mix with acid
• almost no digestion in stomach
  (more in small intestine)
• very acidic
• stomach is constantly secreting
  mucus
• the pyloric sphincter allows food to
  travel to small intestine

Question 5

A. digestive tract
4. small intestine

Answer 5

digestion of carbohydrates, fats, proteins where MOST chemical digestion occurs

• major site of absorption of nutrients
• full of pathogens

Question 6

A. digestive tract
5. large intestine

Answer 6

absorption of water, synthesis, and absorption of vitamins

• job is absorption of water and
  synthesizes vitamins and absorbs
• consulates feces
• appendix - control movement from
  small intestine to large intestine

Question 7

A. digestive tract
6. rectum

Answer 7

feces stored in rectum

anal sphincter - feces stay until it is retained in

Question 8

B. accessory organs

Answer 8

1. liver
2. gall bladder
3. pancreas

Question 9

B. accessory organs
1. liver

Answer 9

liver makes bile

• bile aids fat digestion
• stimulates bile in fats

Question 10

B. accessory organs
2. gall bladder

Answer 10

gall bladder stores bile

• bile aids fat digestion by emulsifying fats

Question 11

B. accessory organs
3. pancreas

Answer 11

makes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate (neutralizes stomach acids)

• very delicate organ
• responsible for making insulin
• the pancreatic duct carries
  pancreatic enzyme