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RENAL > II: Tubular Transport I > Flashcards

II: Tubular Transport I Flashcards

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1
Q

% of H2O and waste substances in urine over 24h

A

95% H2O

5% waste substances

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2
Q

Volume of urine in 24 hours

A

<1.5L

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3
Q

Urine formation through

A

Modification of glomerular ultrafiltrate through reabsorption and secretion

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4
Q

Which is most selective, filtration, reabsorption or secretion

A

Secretion

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5
Q

Filtration definition

A

Outflow of fluid from glomerular capillaries to renal tubule

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6
Q

Reabsorption definition

A

Transport of substances from inside tubule to blood

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7
Q

Secretion definition

A

Transport of substances from blood to interior of tubule

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8
Q

Excretion definition

A

Elimination of substances to the exterior of urine

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9
Q

Excretion =

A

Filtration - Rebasorption + Secretion

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10
Q

3 patterns of reabsorption

A

Complete absoprtion
Zero absorption
Regulated and variable reabsorption

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11
Q

Complete reabsorption definition and examples

A

Substances that are filtered but are completely reabsorbed
Glucose
Aa

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12
Q

Zero absorption definition and examples

A

Filtered but NOT reabsorbed

Creatine

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13
Q

Regulated and variable reabsorption definition and examples

A

Reabsorption depending on circumstances

Na+ Cl- HCO3- K+

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14
Q

Filtered rate equation

A

FF = GFR x [Substance] plasma

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15
Q

Excretion rate equation

A

Excretion rate = Urine V x [Substance] urine

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16
Q

Reabsorption rate / secretion rate

A

= Filtered rate - excretion rate

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17
Q

Vectorial transport definition

A

Net movement of substances from reabsorption or secretion

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18
Q

Microvilli, bursh border of proximal tubule allow for

A

Large absorptive area

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19
Q

High mitochondria + relying on aerobic metabolism in

A

Proximal tubule

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20
Q

How much Na+ reabsorption in early + late proximal convoluted tubule

A

67%

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21
Q

How much H2O reabsorption in early + late proximal convoluted tubule

A

67%

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22
Q

Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O in proximal convoluted tubule is

A

ISOSMOTIC REABSORPTION

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23
Q

In early proximal tubule, Na+ reabsorbed with

Study These Flashcards
A

HCO3- and organic soluted

24
Q

In late proximal convoluted tubule, Na+ reabsorbed with

25
Glomerulotubular balance definition
Ability to reabsorb a constant fraction of glomerular filtrate
26
Where is glomerulotubular balance found
Proximal convoluted tubule
27
Early proximal tubule
Na+ reabsorption
28
Early proximal tubule transporters
SGT-2 AQP-2 ATP
29
Early proximal tubule primary active transport
Na/K-ATPase
30
Early proximal tubule, facilitated diffusion of
Glucose, Aa, phosphate, citrate and lactate
31
Early proximal tubule Na+ reabsorbtion causes (pH and ∏pc)
``` Decrease pH (more acidic) due to citrate, lactate reabsorption Increase in πpc (proximal capillary oncotic pressur) ```
32
Na+ - glucose Na - Aa cotransport have a negative potential in tubular lumen causing
Low chloride reabsorption
33
Expression of AQP2 causes
High hydraulic permeability
34
Early proximal tubule, Bicarbonate reabsoprtion channels involved
``` NHE3 (H+ / Na+ exchange) SGT2 (Na+ / glucose exchange) SGT2 (glucose) AQP2 (passing of H2O) Na+ / K+ATPase ```
35
By how much does [HCO3-] drop to due to secretion of hydrogen ions
25mmol to 5mmol
36
Glucose reabsorption through
SGT2 cotransporter | Na+ / glucose
37
On the second half, glucose reabsorption completed by
SGT1
38
Max glucose transport
320mg/min
39
EX. diabetes on concentration of glucose in blood
More glucose filtered and reabsorbed so tubule is SATURATED | Urine is hypertonic so water cannot be reabsorbed by nephron = polyuria (too much urination)
40
What causes the negative potential in tubular lumen (proximal tubule)
The Na+ / glucose and | Na+ / Aa
41
When is Cl reabsorbed in proximal tubule
In late proximal tubule
42
Transcellular route
H2O and solutes return to bloodstream by passing through tubule cell
43
Paracellular route
H2O and solutes return to bloodstream w/o crossing tubule cell
44
Cl transport to bloodstream can be
Transcellular or paracellular
45
Late proximal tubule, Cl- reabsorption channels
SGT1 (Glucose/Na+) SGT2 (Glucose) NHE3 (H+/Na+) Na+/K+ATPase Cl-/Formiato At top Cl- crosses with Na+ At bottom Cl- crosses with H2O
46
Proximal tubule reabsorbs H2O, Na+, K+, Cl- Glucose, Aa Bicarbonate
65% H2O, Na+, K+, Cl- 100% Glucose, Aa 85-90% Bicarbonate
47
Proximal tubule in reabsorbing protein
It absorbs small amounts of albumin that filtrate | ALMOST COMPLETELY REABSORBED
48
Proximal tubule in secretion
Removes retained solutes from circulation
49
Why is secretion important
Because it is a VITAL HOMEOSTATIC FUNCTION to clear endogenous solutes and medication
50
Basolateral transporters
move solutes from interstitium to proximal tubular cells
51
Organic anion transporters
OAT1 , OAT2, OAT3
52
Organic cation transporters
OCT2
53
Transporters used for soluted to be secreted into urine
Energy dependent apical transporters
54
What must be constant in proximal tubule (Glomerulotubular balance)
Balance between reabsorption and glomerular filtration
55
Angiotensin II stimulates
NHE-3 exchange | Therefore increased Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and H2O reabsorption
56
Through what receptor does sympathetic system increase Na+, Cl+ and H2O reabsorption in proximal tubule
B2 receptor

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