Iliad - Main Characters

Question 1

Helen - Book 3

Answer 1

Working at the loom, weaving scenes of conflict, interrupted by Iris.
Invited to introduce the Greeks to the Priam
Aphrodite orders her and Paris to make love. She taunts Paris and says she wished he would die at war.

Question 2

Helen - Book 6

Answer 2

Talks to Hector about how much she hates her self.

Question 3

Helen - Book 24

Answer 3

Laments Hector. Lament is mostly just about herself, says he was the only one who treated her nicely.

Question 4

Patroclus - Book 1

Answer 4

Doesn’t speak, brings Briseis to Agamemnon.

Question 5

Patroclus - Book 9

Answer 5

Doesn’t speak, cooks for Achilles’ guests in the hut.

Question 6

Patroclus - Book 16

Answer 6

Begs Achilles to return to battle, as the men are in trouble. He taunts and criticises Achilles.
He fights in Achilles’ armour, goes against his warning of not going further than the walls of Troy.
Kills Sarpedon
Struck by Apollo, wounded by Euphorbus, then finished off by Hector.
‘Helmet of Doom’ - Hubris before a fall.

Question 7

Patroclus - Book 17

Answer 7

Fight over his body

Achilles still hasn’t heard, but his horses weep for Patroclus.

Question 8

Patroclus - Book 23

Answer 8

Appears as a ghost and asks Achilles for a proper burial and funeral - pathos.
His death was important as it made Achilles return to war, but would eventually lead to his own death.

Question 9

Odysseus - Book 1

Answer 9

Takes Chryseis back to her father

Question 10

Odysseus - Book 3

Answer 10

Helen described him to the Trojans in the teichoscopia, ‘quick thinking’

Question 11

Odysseus - Book 4

Answer 11

Surveyed by Agamemnon, who criticises him and makes him mad - all part of tactics and hyping him up to fight.

Question 12

Odysseus - Book 9

Answer 12

On the embassy to Achilles. First one to speak - speech is persuasive and political and he mentions his father, and appeals to Achilles’ desire for kleos.

Question 13

Odysseus - Book 10

Answer 13

Volunteers to go on the night attack. Captures and kills Dolon. Then kills the Thracians and their leader Rhesus, takes their horses and return in triumph.

Question 14

Odysseus - Book 19

Answer 14

Voice of reason, makes the men eat and drink first.

Question 15

Odysseus - Book 23

Answer 15

Draws with Ajax in wrestling

Helped by Athene to win the foot race

Question 16

Nestor - Book 1

Answer 16

Wise, tells Agamemnon not to take Briseis

Tries to get Agamemnon and Achilles to make amends.

Question 17

Nestor - Book 4

Answer 17

Encourages the troops to fight

Question 18

Nestor - Book 6

Answer 18

Tells them not to loot, but instead says they should focus on killing the Trojans

Question 19

Nestor - Book 9

Answer 19

Nestor proposes Agamemnon should apologise to Achilles, proposes the embassy.

Question 20

Nestor - Book 10

Answer 20

At the council, proposes the night attack

Question 21

Nestor - Book 23

Answer 21

Urges his son, Antilochus, in the chariot race.

Question 22

Menelaus - Book 3

Answer 22

Duels with Paris, excited about the duel - ‘a lion that has found a carcass’.
Essentially wins, but is cheated by Aphrodite

Question 23

Menelaus - Book 4

Answer 23

Zeus agrees Menelaus won
Reviewed by Agamemnon
Gets wounded and then protected by Athene
Battle gets restarted

Question 24

Menelaus - Book 6

Answer 24

Milder than Agamemnon- as he is about to spare Adrestus’ life, but Agamemnon orders to kill him

Question 25

Menelaus - Book 17

Answer 25

Soliloquy. Worried about how he cannot protect Patroclus' body

Question 26

Menelaus - Book 23

Answer 26

Annoyed because of Antilochus' cheating, but then eventually accepts his apology Like Achilles, he shows generosity

Question 27

Diomedes - Book 4

Answer 27

Reviewed by Agamemnon, gets criticised, contrasted to his father - Tydeus. But he took it respectively Then silences Sthenelus when he responds to Agamemnon

Question 28

Diomedes - Book 6

Answer 28

Kills a couple of Trojans | Meets Glaucus on the battlefield, share stories of xenia, and exchange armour

Question 29

Diomedes - Book 9

Answer 29

Agamemnon calls the Greeks for a meeting - when he says he will return home - Diomedes rebukes this idea and criticises Agamemnon And criticises him again for thinking he could win Achilles over with gifts Gives an authoritative speech and highlights the importance of food, drink and sleep

Question 30

Diomedes - Book 10

Answer 30

Volunteers for night attack Questions Dolon Thracians killed, return in triumph

Question 31

Diomedes - Book 23

Answer 31

Wins some games

Question 32

Agamemnon - Book 1

Answer 32

Has no respect for Chryses and his daughter. Once he is forced to return her, he demands compensation. Arrogant, pitiless and selfish

Question 33

Agamemnon - Book 3

Answer 33

When the duel is over, he declares Menelaus as the winner '...and all the Greeks applauded'.

Question 34

Agamemnon - Book 4

Answer 34

He laments Menelaus' wound. More human side. | Then when battle is joined, he surveys his troops, gives them rallying speeches, some good, some bad.

Question 35

Agamemnon - Book 6

Answer 35

More animal like. Tells Menelaus to kill them all. 'we are not going to leave a single one of them alive'

Question 36

Agamemnon - Book 9

Answer 36

Is desperate. Says he'll leave Troy. Nestor proposes he apologises to Achilles. Offers gifts. One of the conditions is that Achilles must recognise Agamemnon as the leader

Question 37

Agamemnon - Book 10

Answer 37

Could not sleep, calls a council, rouses up the men. Worried for the Greeks

Question 38

Agamemnon - Book 19

Answer 38

Still doesn't actually apologise, blames Delusion for his actions. He cannot take responsibility or admit guilt

Question 39

Agamemnon - Book 23

Answer 39

For Patroclus' funeral, he sent for mules and for men to fetch wood.

Question 40

Achilles - Book 1

Answer 40

Calls an assembly in the Greek camp Presented as an authority figure. Then gets angry as Agamemnon disrespected him. He refuses to fight, asks Thethis to cause destruction on Greeks. Time, Kleos, Menis

Question 41

Achilles - Book 9

Answer 41

Ajax, Phoenix and Odysseus turn on behalf of Agamemnon. Achilles = good xenia. He refuses their offer, but Phoenix had some slight impact.

Question 42

Achilles - Book 16

Answer 42

Gets insulted by Patroclus. But still won't fight until the Trojans starting burning their ships. Let's Patroclus fight in his armour, and gives a speech. But still has heroic status in mind, as he doesn't want Patroclus to go past the gates.

Question 43

Achilles - Book 18

Answer 43

Fights again after the Patroclus' death Renounces anger with Agamemnon Now, his anger is faced towards Hector, wants to avenge Patroclus. Achilles lies weeping on the beach, Thethis laments him, like he is already dead. 'Spread out in the dust'- foretells his death Gets new armour

Question 44

Achilles - Book 19

Answer 44

Reconciles with Agamemnon- gets Briseis back | Determined to kill Hector, even though his own death will follow

Question 45

Achilles - Book 22

Answer 45

Turns into an animal. Says he'll eat Hector's raw flesh He defiles Hector's body and drags him around 3 times Still upset

Question 46

Achilles - Book 23

Answer 46

Mourns Patroclus, and then is visited by his ghost, who asks for a proper funeral Patroclus' funeral, also his own funeral, as he'll never return home to his father But at the games, he forgets about the grief, is generous and a good host.

Question 47

Achilles - Book 24

Answer 47

Cannot sleep, drags Hector's body around Patroclus' grave. Thethis tells Achilles to give the body back Moved by the sight of Priam, makes him think of his own father. More human side again

Question 48

Priam - Book 3

Answer 48

Helen introduces the Greeks to Priam, nice to Helen | Leaves the walls, cannot bare to see if Paris loses.

Question 49

Priam - Book 22

Answer 49

Begs Hector not to fight Already begins to mourn his death, before he goes to fight Then laments when he dies, by covering himself in dung

Question 50

Priam - Book 24

Answer 50

Hecabe tries to stop him going to see Achilles His journey there is symbolic journey to Hades - he travels at night - accompanied by Hermes - crosses a river to get there Parallels with book 1, where Chryses enters enemy camp Bond between them, Priam mentions Peleus Vulnerable

Question 51

Paris - Book 3

Answer 51

Taunted by Hector 'a woman-crazed seducer' Encourages him to fight against Menelaus Would have lost, but he was saved by Aphrodite, she then ordered him and Helen to make love

Question 52

Paris - Book 6

Answer 52

Meets with Hector again, who taunts him - then returns to war. Hector blamed him for starting the war

Question 53

Hector - Book 3

Answer 53

Accuses Paris of only having good looks, but no strength or courage. 'you should have never been born' Perceived as the most threatening Trojan by the Greeks

Question 54

Hector - Book 6

Answer 54

Helenus advises him to rally the troops and get his mother to make an offering to Athene He meets with Andromache and Hecabe Does listen to Andromache, but is more concerned with winning kleos Taunts Paris again lol

Question 55

Hector - Book 16

Answer 55

The idea of the Greeks desecrating Sarpedon's body motivates him. Zeus and Apollo push and pull him to and from the gates. Apollo, pushing him to kill Patroclus. Didn't kill him alone though, so may diminish his kleos? He taunts the dead body, shows he's a true hero

Question 56

Hector - Book 17

Answer 56

Bravery questioned by Glaucas - blames Zeus for cowardice. | Puts Achilles' armour on, about to advance, but is faced by the Ajaxes, so retreats again.

Question 57

Hector - Book 18

Answer 57

Tries to take Patroclus' body | Doesn't listen to Polydamus - instead prepares to fight and wrongly thinks the Gods are on his side

Question 58

Hector - Book 22

Answer 58

Begged not to fight Chased by Achilles 3 times Zeus weighs up their fates, Hector is doomed Is deserted by Apollo and tricked by Athene (ate) Tries to make a deal with Achilles Gets killed Body dragged around

Question 59

Hector - Book 24

Answer 59

His funeral | He is lamented - learn more from him in Helen's lament

Question 60

Hecabe - Book 6

Answer 60

Meets Hector in the palace, and offers him wine then suggests a libation to Zeus (but he is not clean???) Seen as the mother of Troy, which Hector asks her to protect, by offering her best robe to Athene

Question 61

Hecabe - Book 22

Answer 61

Already begins to lament and weep, holds her breast to Hector and begged him not to fight She tore her hair out and screamed when he died 'a man they treated like a God' - highlighted how he will be missed

Question 62

Hecabe - Book 24

Answer 62

Tries to stop Priam from going to see Achilles | Begs him not to go, and that he should stay and mourn Hector instead, but fails to stop him.

Question 63

Andromache - Book 6

Answer 63

She's not with the other women in the temple, but is on the towers with her son, already lamenting Has seen the men are in danger. She begs Hector not ti fight, telling him she'll have no male to protect her, as Achilles killed her father and brothers. Mentions how Astyanax will have no father She'll be a widow She goes back to the palace, and mourns him, even though he's still alive.

Question 64

Andromache - Book 22

Answer 64

Prepares for Hector's return Then hears of his death and faints. Laments - emphasises what life will be like for their son , no father, no friends

Question 65

Andromache - Book 24

Answer 65

Laments again at the funeral Third lament focuses on her and what will happen because she's a widow - enslaved by Greeks. FORETELLS THE FALL OF TROY, in saying that Astyanax will not grow into man hood. Hector - not there to keep Troy safe.