Illicit Drugs

Question 1

Opioid intoxication

Answer 1

Everything down:
pupillary constriction, euphoria, respiratory and CNS depression
OD: seizures
most common cause of drug OD death

Question 2

Opioid overdose treatment

Answer 2

naloxone

Question 3

Opioid withdrawal

Answer 3

Things rev up: FLU like

diaphoresis, mydriasis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, stomach cramps, diarrhea

Question 4

barbituate withdrawal

Answer 4

delirium, life threatening cardiovascular collapse

Question 5

Amphetamines (methamphetamine) - intoxication

Answer 5

Increase DA, NE, and 5-HT
euphoria, grandiosity, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, hallucinations, dental problems
Severe complications: cardiac arrest, seizures

Question 6

Cocaine - intoxication

Answer 6

Blocks DAT, NET, and SERT –> tons of NTs in synapse
Hyperactivity, restlessness + apcing, aggression or elation, impulsivity, chest pain, impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideation
Complications: sudden cardiac death, perforated nasal septum→necrosis
Withdrawal (crash): agitation/restless, depressed mood, fatigue, vivid unpleasant dreams, craving, activity slowing
High dose users - toxic paranoid psychosis and aggressive homicidal behavior
Crack cocaine highly addictive after first dose

Question 7

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 7

Acts on NMDA receptor
violence, impulsivity, psychomotor agitation, nystagmus, tachycardia, HTN, analgesia, psychosis resembling schizophrenia, delirium, seizures
Most common complication: trauma

Question 8

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Answer 8

perceptual distortions (visual + auditory), depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, possible flashbacks

Question 9

Dronabinol

Answer 9

Pharmaceutical form of marijuana. used as antiemetic in chemotherapy, and appetite stimulant in AIDS

Question 10

MDMA

Answer 10

hallucinogenic stimulant
Euphoria, disinhibition, hyperactivity, distorted sensory and time perception, teeth clenching. Life threatening affects → HTN, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, serotonin syndrome
Withdrawal: depression, fatigue, appetite change, difficulty concentrating, anxiety

Question 11

Major differences between meth and cocaine

Answer 11

Meth more dangerous. longer half life (8-12 hours), longer paranoia following drug cessation (7-14 days, possibly irreversible)
In both, OD can cause convulsions, cardiovascular and respiratory collapse, coma, and death.
No official OD treatment for either. trt symptoms

Question 12

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

Answer 12

known as date rape drug due to amnestic qualities

Question 13

Cathinones (Bath salts)

Answer 13

amphetamine-like stimulant designer drugs