Illness Prevention and Infection Control

Question 1

Chain of Infection

Answer 1

Infectious Agents
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Modes of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host

Question 2

Infectious Agents

Answer 2

microorganisms that are pathogens

Question 3

Reservoir

Answer 3

location where pathogens survive

needs to have appropriate food, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, pH and minimal lighting

Question 4

Portal of Exit

Answer 4

path used by pathogen to leave the reservoir

body openings, breaks in the skin and mucous membranes

Question 5

Modes of Transmission

Answer 5

transfer of microbes by physical touch

direct contact, indirect contact or droplet

Question 6

Examples of Direct Contact organisms

Answer 6

c. difficile

MRSA

Question 7

Examples of Drop Transmission Organisms

Answer 7

Flu

Question 8

Examples of Airborne Transmission organisms

Answer 8

SARS
Chicken pox
TB

Question 9

Droplet Transmission

Answer 9

large particles from respiratory system get deposited through coughing or sneezing

Question 10

Airborne Transmission

Answer 10

small particles get suspended in the air for long periods of timing can be inhaled

Question 11

Cleaning

Answer 11

Physical removal of foreign material from objects and surfaces

Question 12

Disinfection

Answer 12

Elimination of pathogens except bacterial spores

Question 13

Sterilization

Answer 13

Destruction of all microorganisms including spores

Question 14

Medial asepsis

Answer 14

equipment is clean

Question 15

Surgical asepsis

Answer 15

equipment is sterile

Question 16

body flora

Answer 16

microorganisms that reside on the surface and deep layers of skin, saliva & oral mucosa, GI and genitourinary tracts
it maintains health as part of the body’s defence

Question 17

potential for a microorganism to causes disease depends on?

Answer 17

A sufficient number of organisms
Virulence (ability to produce disease)
Ability to enter and survive in a host
Susceptibility of the host

Question 18

Portal of Entry

Answer 18

Organisms enter the body the same way they exit

Body openings, breaks in skin and mucous membranes

Question 19

Susceptible Host

Answer 19

individual’s degree of resistance to a pathogen

Question 20

4 Moments of Hand Hygiene

Answer 20

1) Before initial patient or environment contact
2) Before ascetic procedure
3) After body fluid exposure risk
4) After patient or environment contact

Question 21

noscomial infection

Answer 21

Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)