Illness Prevention and Infection Control Flashcards
(21 cards)
Chain of Infection
Infectious Agents Reservoir Portal of Exit Modes of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host
Infectious Agents
microorganisms that are pathogens
Reservoir
location where pathogens survive
needs to have appropriate food, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, pH and minimal lighting
Portal of Exit
path used by pathogen to leave the reservoir
body openings, breaks in the skin and mucous membranes
Modes of Transmission
transfer of microbes by physical touch
direct contact, indirect contact or droplet
Examples of Direct Contact organisms
c. difficile
MRSA
Examples of Drop Transmission Organisms
Flu
Examples of Airborne Transmission organisms
SARS
Chicken pox
TB
Droplet Transmission
large particles from respiratory system get deposited through coughing or sneezing
Airborne Transmission
small particles get suspended in the air for long periods of timing can be inhaled
Cleaning
Physical removal of foreign material from objects and surfaces
Disinfection
Elimination of pathogens except bacterial spores
Sterilization
Destruction of all microorganisms including spores
Medial asepsis
equipment is clean
Surgical asepsis
equipment is sterile
body flora
microorganisms that reside on the surface and deep layers of skin, saliva & oral mucosa, GI and genitourinary tracts
it maintains health as part of the body’s defence
potential for a microorganism to causes disease depends on?
A sufficient number of organisms
Virulence (ability to produce disease)
Ability to enter and survive in a host
Susceptibility of the host
Portal of Entry
Organisms enter the body the same way they exit
Body openings, breaks in skin and mucous membranes
Susceptible Host
individual’s degree of resistance to a pathogen
4 Moments of Hand Hygiene
1) Before initial patient or environment contact
2) Before ascetic procedure
3) After body fluid exposure risk
4) After patient or environment contact
noscomial infection
Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)
