ILM3

Question 1

What is the primary function of the GI system?

Answer 1

Bring nutrients into the internal environment of the body to be used for the maintenance, function and growth of cells.

Question 2

What are the key features of the mouth?

Answer 2

Mechanical processing of food, mashing, moistening, mixing, salivary glands releasing enzymes to break down carbohydrates.

Question 3

What are the three types of salivary glands?

Answer 3

• Parotid
• Sublingual
• Submandibular

Question 4

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 4

Shared zone for food and air to pass through to the oesophagus and trachea.

Question 5

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Answer 5

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

Question 6

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 6

Closes over the larynx to prevent food entering the airway when swallowing.

Question 7

What is peristalsis?

Answer 7

Smooth muscle contraction that pushes food down the oesophagus.

Question 8

What are the four layers of the oesophagus?

Answer 8

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis
• Adventitia

Question 9

What are the three muscle layers of the stomach?

Answer 9

• Longitudinal (outer)
• Circular (middle)
• Oblique (inner)

Question 10

What is the function of rugae in the stomach?

Answer 10

Folds that allow for extension.

Question 11

What are the three cells of the stomach wall?

Answer 11

• Parietal cells
• G cells
• Chief cells

Question 12

What is the order of the small intestine sections?

Answer 12

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ilium

Question 13

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 13

Water absorption.

Question 14

What are the three sections of the large intestine?

Answer 14

• Ascending
• Transverse
• Descending

Question 15

What are the three arteries that supply blood to the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 15

• Celiac trunk
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 16

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Answer 16

Has exocrine (enzyme) and endocrine (hormonal) functions.

Question 17

What are the two ducts in the pancreas?

Answer 17

• Pancreatic duct (bigger duct)
• Accessory duct (smaller duct)

Question 18

What are the key functions of the liver?

Answer 18

• Metabolism
• Detoxification
• Glucose storage

Question 19

What are the three main regions of the kidneys?

Answer 19

• Cortex
• Medulla
• Pelvis

Question 20

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 20

• Cortical nephrons
• Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 21

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 21

Where the glomerulus is located; filters blood.

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 22

Most water and salts are reabsorbed here.

Question 23

What percentage of water is typically reabsorbed in the descending nephron loop?

Answer 23

~25% water.

Question 24

What is the main function of the collecting duct?

Answer 24

Takes up to 9% of water under hormonal control.

Question 25

What is the pathway of blood through the kidney?

Answer 25

Heart via the Aorta -> Renal arteries -> Glomerulus -> Cortical veins -> Renal vein -> Inferior vena cava.

Question 26

What type of epithelium is found in the ureters and bladder?

Answer 26

Transitional epithelium.

Question 27

What are the three layers of the bladder wall?

Answer 27

* Mucosa * Submucosa * Muscle layer (Detrusor muscle)

Question 28

What is the main function of the male reproductive system?

Answer 28

Produce and transport sperm.

Question 29

What are the main structures in the male reproductive system?

Answer 29

* Scrotum * Testes * Epididymis * Ductus deferens * Ejaculatory duct * Urethra * Penis

Question 30

What is the main function of the female reproductive system?

Answer 30

Produce oocytes and provide an environment for fertilization and fetal development.

Question 31

What are the main structures in the female reproductive system?

Answer 31

* Vulva * Vagina * Cervix * Uterus * Uterine tubes * Ovaries