IM renal/Urology Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
calculating anion gap
A
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
2
Q
causes of respiratory acidosis
A
- depression of respiratory center
- lung disease
- MSK disease
3
Q
cause of respiratory alkalosis
A
excess ventilation
4
Q
causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
A
loss of bicarb through kidneys or GI tract
5
Q
causes of elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis
A
- ingestion of exogenous acid
- elevation of endogenous acid (DKA or lactic acidosis)
- renal failure
6
Q
causes of metabolic alkalosis
A
- vomiting
- bicarb administration
- volume depletion
7
Q
types of AKI
A
- prerenal azotemia
- intrinsic kidney injury
- postrenal obstruction
8
Q
etiology prerenal azotemia
A
hypoperfusion
9
Q
s/s of prerenal azotemia
A
- elevated BUN and Cr
- hyaline casts
10
Q
treatment of prerenal azotemia
A
treat underlying cause
11
Q
cause of postrenal obstruction
A
obstruction of urinary outflow
12
Q
s/s of postrenal obstruction
A
- normal urine sediment
- elevated BUN/Cr
13
Q
cause of intrinsic kidney injury
A
- infection
- sepsis
- ischemia
- nephrotoxin
14
Q
s/s of CKD
A
- HTN
- volume overload
- broad, waxy casts
15
Q
etiology of acute interstitial nephritis
A
Steroids
16
Q
s/s of acute interstitial nephritis
A
- fever
- rash
- arthrialgia
- WBCs
- eosinophilia
17
Q
treatment of acute interstitial nephritis
A
removal of cause
18
Q
s/s of BPH
A
- obstructive voiding
- irritative voiding
- smooth, firm, enlarged, prostate
19
Q
treatment of BPH
A
- mild: watchful waiting
- alpha blockers (-zosin’s)
- 5a reductase inhibitors (dutasteride, finasteride)
- PDE5 (-afil’s)
- TURP ( surgical removal of part of prostate.)
20
Q
risk factors of bladder cancer
A
- cigarettes
- industrial solvents
21
Q
s/s of bladder cancer
A
- hematuria
- painless
- irritative voiding
22
Q
diagnosis of bladder cancer
A
cystoscopy with biopsy
23
Q
treatment of bladder cancer
A
- superficial: tumor resection
- invasive: radical cystectomy
24
Q
cause of epididymitis
A
- men under 40: STD
- men over 40: UTI
25
s/s of epididymitis
* positive prehn's sign
* pain in scrotum
26
treatment of epididymitis
* under 40: rocephin + doxy
* over 40: levaquin or bactrim
27
Causes of erectile dysfunction
* vasogenic
* neurogenic
* diabetic
* psychogenic
28
treatment of erectile dysfunction
* therapy
* testosterone
* PDE5
29
s/s of glomerulonephritis
* HTN
* edema
* proteinuria
* cola colored urine
* RBC casts
30
immune complex deposition glomerulonephritis
antigen antibody complexes lodge in basement membrane and cause destruction
31
anti-GBM glomerulonephritis
autoantibodies against GBM
32
pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
small cell vasculitis
33
treatment of glomerulonephritis
high dose corticosteroids
34
s/s of hydrocele
* fluid filled cystic scrotal mass
* transillumination
35
treatment of hydrocele
* watching
* aspiration
36
nephritic syndromes
* glomerulonephritis
* postinfectious glomerulonephritis
* IgA nephritis
* HSP
37
etiology of postinfectious glomerulonephritis
GABHS
38
s/s of IgA Nephritis (Berger's Disease)
* gross hematuria
* viral URI
39
treatment of IgA Nephritis (Berger's Disease)
ACE or ARB
40
s/s of medullary cystic kidney disease
* polyuria
* pallor
* lethargy
* HTN
* renal salt wasting
41
treatment of medullary cystic kidney disease
adequate salt and water intake
42
s/s of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
* abdominal and flank pain
* large palpable kidneys
* hematuria
43
diagnosis of ADPKD
US
44
treatment of ADPKD
* treat infection
* analgesics
* cyst decompression
45
46
diagnosis of prostate cancer
transrectal US guided biopsy
47
treatment of prostate cancer
* prostatectomy
* radiation
* chemo in metastatic disease
48
etiology of acute bacterial prostatitis
ecoli ascent up urethra
49
s/s of acute bacterial prostatitis
* fever, chills
* pain
* irritative voiding
* obstructive voiding
* hot, tender prostate
50
treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis
* IV fluoroquinolone
* PO bactrim or cipro
51
s/s of chronic bacterial prostatitis
* irritative voiding sx
* pain
* boggy prostate
52
diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis
urine culture after prostatic massage
53
treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
FQ or bactrim
54
s/s of pyelonephritis
* UTI sx
* fever/chills
* flank pain
* CVA tenderness
* WBC casts
55
treatment of pyelonephritis
* cipro
* levaquin
* bactrim
56
s/s of renal cell carcinoma
* gross hematuria
* flank pain
* abdominal mass
57
diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma
CT
58
treatment of renal cell carcinoma
radical nephrectomy
59
mcc of renal stones
calcium oxalate
60
s/s of renal stones
* severe flank/back pain
* UTI sx
* hematuria
61
diagnosis of renal stones
KUB
62
treatment of renal stones
* pain control
* hydration
* tamsulosin (flomax)
63
etiology of renal artery stenosis
atherosclerosis
64
s/s of renal artery stenosis
* HTN
* pulmonary edema
* AKI after starting ACE
65
diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
* US
* renal angiography is gold standard
66
treatment of renal artery stenosis
* stenting
* surgical bypass
67
s/s of testicular torsion
* sudden onset unilateral scrotal pain
* negative prehns sign
* negative cremasteric reflex
68
diagnosis of testicular torsion
doppler US
69
treatment of testicular torsion
detorsion and orchiopexy within 6 hours
70
s/s of UTI
* dysuria
* frequency
* urgency
71
treatment of UTI
* macrobid
* bactrim
72
s/s of varicocele
* scrotal heaviness
* dull aching pain
* bag of worms
73
treatment of varicocele
scrotal support and NSAIDs
74
