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Radiology Seminar IMG 228 Patient Care > Image Production > Flashcards

Image Production Flashcards

1
Q

True or False The back up timer determines the maximum length of exposure time for an AEC exposure.

A

True

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2
Q

What is the time it takes for a system to respond and send the signal to terminate the exposure.

A

Minimum Response Time

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3
Q

_______ diseases will _________ subject contrast resulting in an increase in radiographic contrast.

A

Additive, increase

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4
Q

This is the direct controlling factor of radiographic receptor exposure.

A

mAs

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5
Q

Filtration changes the qualities of the beam, making the beam more _________.

A

Homogeneous

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6
Q

Radiographic contrast is defined as the _________ in densities.

A

Difference

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7
Q

A ______% increase or decrease in kVp, keeping all other factors constant will result in doubling or halving of radiographic receptor exposure.

A

15

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8
Q

An increase in kVp will _________ receptor exposure until 100% of the beam is successful in reaching the image receptor.

A

Increase

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9
Q

_____ are beam attenuators that decrease skin exposure to the patient.

A

Filters

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10
Q

What are the three factors that contribute to the absorbing ability of a given body part?

A

Thickness, Atomic number, specific gravity
(Specific gravity- a measure of the density of a substance in comparison to the density of water).

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11
Q

AS thickness _________ beam attenuation increases and receptor exposure _________.

A

Increase, decrease

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12
Q

This is defined as a variation in x-ray beam intensity with an increase in beam intensity toward the cathode end of the beam and a decrease in intensity toward the anode end of the beam.

A

Anode heel effect

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13
Q

This is defined as the variation or difference in opacity recorded on the radiograph.

A

Contrast

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14
Q

What type of contrast do you have when there is a large difference in measured opacity between two points on the image receptor.

A

High

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15
Q

What type of contrast media is used int he alimentary tract? Looking for two answers.

A

Barium sulfate and gastrografin

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16
Q

As OID increases, recorded detail ________.

A

Decreases

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17
Q

There are two types of patient motion. What are they?

A

Voluntary (respirations)
Involuntary (Peristalsis)

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18
Q

What type of patients are most sensitive to radiation exposure.

A

Pediatric

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19
Q

As a general rule parts measuring greater than ____cm require the use of a _______ to offset the production of secondary and scattered radiation in the volume of tissue as the x-ray beam passes through.

A

10, grid

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20
Q

_________ ___________ is the ability of the system to record adjacent small structures, equipment related. Hint: It is measured in line pairs per mm.

A

Spatial resolution

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21
Q

The glass envelope is comprised of what type of glass.

A

Pyrex

22
Q

What is the negative end of the tube?

A

Cathode

23
Q

What is the material of choice for the x-ray tube? Hint: It has a high melting point and atomic number.

A

Tungsten

24
Q

Copper, molybdenum or graphite are the materials of choice for the _______ and base of the anode.

A

Neck, these are used due to light in weight.

25
Q

The ________ is designed to reduce the number of repeated radiographs taken on a mixed population of patients due to over and under exposure.

A

AEC , Automatic Exposure Control

26
Q

What is the most common type of beam restriction?

A

Collimation

27
Q

Attaches to the bottom of the collimator housing. They create a circular shaped collimated field.

A

Cylinders and cones

28
Q

In the United State, electrical energy is supplied in a _______ cycle alternating current.

A

60 cycle

29
Q

________ are devices that convert alternating current into direct current.

A

Rectifiers

30
Q

The ________ provides a vacuum environment for the operation of the image intensifier.

A

Glass envelope

31
Q

What is the purpose of fluoroscopic viewing?

A

Allows for real time or dynamic motion viewing within the body.

32
Q

______________ takes place in the computer which is where algorithms determine the histogram of the image.

A

Pre-processing

33
Q

______ is the processing of mapping a large set of input values into a smaller set.

A

Quantization

34
Q

Digital values provide a ________ (graph) of the exposure information

A

Histogram

35
Q

______ is a histogram of the luminance values derived during image acquisition. Each pixel is changed into a new gray value the resultant image will have the appropriate brightness and contrast.

A

Look up table

36
Q

_______ occurs by averaging all pixels frequency with surrounding pixel values to remove image noise. Also known as low-pass filtering.

A

Spatial frequency filtering (Smoothing)

37
Q

___________ is an accepted standard for networked medical devices to exchange images and information.

A

DICOM, Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine

38
Q

__________ consist of digital acquisition equipment, workstations for display and manipulation of images and interconnected storage, devices that communicate over a network in the same language using the DICOM standard.

A

PACS, Picture Archiving and Communication System

39
Q

A task completed step by step is known as a ______.

A

Workflow

40
Q

_________ process of remote transmission and viewing of images.

A

Teleradiology

41
Q

The ability to adjust the brightness and/or contrast of a digital image through _________.

A

Windowing

42
Q

A wavy artifact in digital imaging caused when grid lines are projected onto the imaging plate and are parallel with the scanning laser.

A

Moire Effect or Aliasing

43
Q

______ exposure time will help minimize the effects of voluntary and involuntary patient motion.

A

Short

44
Q

This artifact appears as a black spider-like artifact on the image.

A

Static

45
Q

______ image is caused when there is insufficient erasure of an image and a _______ image is seen on the new image.

A

Ghost, ghost

46
Q

__________ ________ is defined as a set of comprehensive activities that are designed to maintain and monitor systems that produce a product.

A

Quality control

47
Q

True or False The central ray should be directed to the center of the image receptor.

A

True

48
Q

How often should the following QC be done:
Clean and inspect receptors
Clean CR reader air intakes
Inspect and clean keyboard and mouse

A

Weekly

49
Q

How often should the following QC be done:
Inspect and clean cassettes
inspect laser printer for ink and pater

A

Daily

50
Q

The majority of hospitals are voluntarily accredited by the __________. Accreditation is necessary for reimbursement from Medicare and insurance companies.

A

The Joint Commission

51
Q

________ is the heating of the filament to the point that electron boil off its surface.

A

Thermionic Emission

52
Q

______ is the central part of the atom containing positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.

A

Nucleus

Radiology Seminar IMG 228 Patient Care (2 decks)

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