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cardiovascular system > Imaging Circulatory Disturbances > Flashcards

Imaging Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

What questions should be asked for vascular imaging?

A

What is the anatomy

Is there a leak

Is there a blockage

Can it be fixed

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2
Q

What are anatomical vascular imaging?

A

Plain films

Contrast angiography

Ultrasound

CT/MRI

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3
Q

What are functional vascular imaging?

A

Radionuclide imaging

MRI functional imaging

Ultrasound

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4
Q

What are some problems with vascular imaging?

A

Soft tissue contrast (cannot see important structures like blood vessels and lumen of hollow viscera)

Functional significance of lesions

Is treatment effective

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5
Q

What are the ideal properties of a manmade contrast agent in radiology?

A

Has an attenuation the same as the surrounding tissues

Inexpensive

Inert (chemically inactive)

Equial distribution in and out of selected body compartments

Painless

Easy to use

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6
Q

What does inert mean?

A

Chemically inactive

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7
Q

What are some examples of different contrasts?

A

Iodinated contrast

Parenteral iodinated contrast

Carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What does parenteral mean?

A

Administered elsewhere than the mouth

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9
Q

What are advantages of iodinated contrast?

A

Differential X-ray attenuation

Inert

Stable in selected body compartments

Painless

Easy to use

Cheap

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10
Q

What are disadvantages of iodinated contrast?

A

Major reactions

Renal dysfunction

Disturbance of thyroid metabolism

Disturbance of clotting

Seizures

Pulmonary oedema

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11
Q

What kind of contrast agent is carbon dioxide?

A

Negative contrast agent (appears radiolucent due to low density, instead of typical substances that are radiopque with high density)

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12
Q

In what patients is using carbon dioxide as contrast useful?

A

Patients with poor renal function

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13
Q

What is used to get contrast into vessels?

A

Catheter angiography

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14
Q

What is the process of catheter angiography to get contrast into vessles?

A

1) Vessel punctured and catheterised
2) Contrast injected using pump injector
3) Rapid series of images acquired

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15
Q

What are things that can be treated using intervention radiology (with minimal invasion)?

A

Angiography/angioplasty

Embolisation

Catheter thrombolysis

Drainage of abscesses

Nephrostomy

Vertebroplasty

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16
Q

What is nephrostomy?

A

An opening between the kidney and skin

17
Q

What is vertebroplasty?

A

Procedure to stabilising compression fractures in the spine

18
Q

What is a procedure for stabilising compression fractures in the spine?

A

Vertebroplasty

19
Q

When should angiography be used?

A

Short stenosis or occlusions

Sessile (immobile) or concentric (share the same centre) plaques

20
Q

Why is an advantage and disadvantage of angiography compared to surgery?

A

Not as long lasting, but not as dangerous

21
Q

What is angiography?

A

Imaging technique used to visualise the lumen of blood vessels and organs

22
Q

What is angioplasty?

A

Minimally invasive procedure used to widen arteries

23
Q

What are problems with angioplasty?

A

Occlusion

Dissection

Embolisation

Rupture

Infection

24
Q

What are advantages of ultrasound of vascular disturbances?

A

No radiation dose

Quick

Non-invasive

25
Q

What is a disadvantage of ultrasound of vascular disturbances?

A

Operator dependant

26
Q

How can you identify deep vein thrombosis using ultrasound?

A

When using ultrasound the vein is full of thrombus and is not compressible, whereas a normal vein has low pressure and is compressible

27
Q

What is radionuclide imaging of vascular disturbances used to show?

A

Perfusion or blood lose

28
Q

What are advantages of CT angiogram for vascular disturbances?

A

Gives information about other structures

Sensitive

29
Q

What are disadvantages of CT angiogram for vascular disturbances?

A

IV injection only

Radiation dose

High contrast dose

Expensive

30
Q

What are advantages of magnetic resonance angiography?

A

Sensitive

Specific

No radiation

No nephrotoxic contrast

31
Q

What are disadvantages of MRI angiography?

A

Expensive

Needs state of the art machinery

High contrast cost

32
Q

What can be said about consent in radiology?

A

It is a process where the patient learns key facts about the investigation/treatment including risks before deciding to proceed, where informed consent continuous throughout the procedure

33
Q

Who should obtain consent in radiology from patients?

A

Not newly qualified doctors, the doctor performing the procedure should

34
Q

Why could renal failure be a contraindication to the use of certain contrast?

A

The contrast may induce nephropathy

35
Q

What kinds of adverse reactions could contrast agents induce?

A

Ranges from mild rash to severe such as acute anaphylaxis

May precipitate asthma

cardiovascular system (41 decks)

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